OFL World History Unit 1 – Flashcards
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"Rule of the people"
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Democracy
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Citizens rule and make laws directly rather than through representatives
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Direct democracy
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Government in which power rests with citizens who have the right to elect the leaders who make governmental decisions
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Republic
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The earliest code of roman civil, criminal, and religious law.
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Twelve tables
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The holy book of Islam
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Qur'an
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When Jews were exiled from their homeland to many parts of the world where they shared their beliefs and spread Judaism and Christianity
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Diaspora
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Renewed interests in classical culture led to far-reaching charges in art learning, and views of the world
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Renaissance
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Renaissance intellectual movement in which thinkers studied classical texts and focused on human potential and achievements
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Humanism
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Concerned with worldly rather than spiritual manners
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Secular
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A person who supports artists, especially financially
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Patron
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An artistic technique that creates the appearance of three dimensions on a flat surface
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Perspective
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The everyday language of people in a region or country
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Vernacular
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In a republic people vote on representatives to make decisions, in a direct democracy the citizens rule and make laws directly
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Explain how a republic is different from a direct democracy
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It is the responsibility of every person to oppose injustice and oppression and that the economy should assist the unfortunate. Individuals are capable of loving according to high moral standards
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What did the Jews teach about the responsibilities of the individual and community to combat injustice?
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Italy had wealthy merchants, thriving cities, and classical heritage.
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Explain why Italy was the birthplace of the Renaissance
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A man who strove to master almost every area of a study and excelled in many fields
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Explain what it meant to be a "Renaissance man"
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Northern renaissance thinkers merged humanist ideas with Christianity and focused on early christianity
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focus of the northern Renaissance
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The printing press made it possible to produce books quickly and cheaply. Books were cheap enough that many people could buy them.
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Explain the importance of the printing press in spreading ideas
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Passed a law outlawing slavery based on debt; established four classes of citizenship based on wealth rather than heredity; creates the council of four hundred
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Solon
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Regarded as the founder of democracy in Athens; created the council of five hundred that proposed laws and counseled the assembly
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Cleisthenes
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Increased the number of paid public officials and paid jurors, which enabled poorer citizens to participate in the government
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Pericles
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Greek philosopher who examined the nature of the world and of human belief, thought, and knowledge; wrote politics
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Aristotle
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Greek philosopher who felt that society should be governed by philosopher-kings; wrote The Republic
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Plato
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An Italian renaissance painter, sculptor,inventor, and scientist; he was considered a true "renaissance man;" painted the Mona Lisa
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Leonardo da Vinci
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A renaissance writer who wrote The Prince, in which he examined how a ruler can gain power and keep it in spite of his enemies
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Niccolò Machiavelli
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A Christian humanist of the northern renaissance; wrote Utopia, about and imaginary land without greed, corruption, and war
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Thomas More
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Developed the printing press, making it possible to produce books quickly and cheaply
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Johann Gutenberg
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An Elizabeth Age writer whose works were inspired by the classics and displayed a deep understanding of human beings
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William Shakespeare
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Produced prints that portrayed religious subjects, classical myths, or realistic landscapes
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Albrecht Dürer
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Used oil-based paints to develop a new technique that created subtle colors in clothing and jewelry; his paintings displayed unusually realistic details and reveal the personality of the subjects
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Jan van Eyck
