OFL WORLD HISTORY B UNIT 9 – Flashcards
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PLO
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The Palestine liberation organization - an organization dedicated to the establishment of an independent state for Palestinians in the middle east
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Camp David Accords
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Ended 30 years of hostility between Egypt and Israel.
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intifade
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A Palestinian uprising that began in 1987 against Israel, and their ownership of the West Bank and Gaza Strip.
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Oslo Peace Accords
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An agreement in 1993 in which Israeli prime minister Rabin granted Palestinian self-rule in the Gaza Strip and the West Bank.
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Politburo
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the ruling committee of the Communist Party in the Soviet Union
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glasnost
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A Soviet policy of openness to the free flow of ideas and information, introduced in 1985 by Mikhail Gorbachev.
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perestroika
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A restructuring of the Soviet economy to permit more local decision making, begun by Mikhail Gorbachev in 1985.
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CIS
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Commonwealth of Independent States; a loose federation of former Soviet territories.
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"shock therapy"
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an economic program implemented in Russia by Boris Yeltsin in the 1990s, involving an abrupt shift from a command economy to a free-market economy
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solidarity
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A Polish labor union founded in 1980 by Lech Walesa and Anna Walentynowicz. Solidarity contested Communist Party programs and eventually ousted the party from the Polish government.
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reunification
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A bringing together again of things that have been separated, like the reuniting of East Germany and West Germany in 1990.
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ethnic cleansing
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A policy of murder and other acts of brutality by which Serbs hoped to eliminate Bosnia's Muslim population after the breakup of Yugoslavia
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the four modernization's
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Started by Deng Xiaoping. An economic program emphasizing agriculture, industry, science and defense; policy to modernize China
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Anwar Sadat
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Egyptian president who initiated the Yom Kippur war with Israel in 1973
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Golda Meir
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Prime Minister of Israel during Yom Kippur War;launched a counter attack and regained most of the lost territory that Egypt had gained during the initial attack
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Yasir Arafat
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chairman of the PLO beginning in 1969, oversaw the group as it carried out numerous attacks against Israel
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Balfour Declaration
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(1917) a statement issued by the British foreign secretary in favor of establishing a Jewish homeland in Palestine
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Six-Day War
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(June, 1967) war between Israel and Egypt, Syria, and Jordan; Israel's victory gave it control of areas with large Palestinian populations, including the West Bank and Gaza
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Arab-Israeli War
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a series of wars between 1948 and 1973 that were fought between Israel and the Arab countries of Iraq, Syria, Egypt, Jordan, and Lebanon. (1956 over the Suez Canal)
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Yom Kippur War
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(1973) war launched by Egypt and Syria against Israel on the Jewish holy day of Yom Kippur; the Israeli counterattack, supported by the United States repulsed the Syrians and Egyptians
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Judaism
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A religion with a belief in one god. It originated with Abraham and the Hebrew people. Yahweh was responsible for the world and everything within it. They preserved their early history in the Old Testament.
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Soweto
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a series of clashes in Soweto, South Africa on June 16, 1976 between black youths and the South African authorities. The riots grew out of protests against the policies of the National Party government and its apartheid regime.
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democratization
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the process of creating a government elected by the people
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Boris Yeltsin
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became the russian federations first directly elected president in 1991
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Lech Walesa
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union leader who became a national hero after the Gdansk shipyard strike in Poland; eventually elected president of poland in 1990
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Vaclav Havel
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elected president of Czechoslovakia after the end of communist rule; elected president of the Czech Republic after its split with Slovakia
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General Jaruzelski
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was elected to be the Prime Minister of Poland, and became the First Secretary of the Central Committee of the Polish United Workers Party
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Nicolae Ceausescu
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Romania's communist dictator who ordered the army to fire on demonstrators in the city of Timosaura, killing and wounding hundreds of people
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Zhou Enlai
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premier of china during Mao's regime; opened up relations with the U.S by inviting the table-tennis team to visit china
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Deng Xiaoping
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emerged as the most powerful leader in china in 1980; launched an ambitious program of economic reforms
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F. W. de Klerk
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president of south africa in 1989; goal was to transform South Africa; agreed to hold free elections in 1994
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Mikhail Gorbachev
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became the soviet leader after brezhnev; initiated a series of economic and political reforms
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Nelson Mandela
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leader of the African National Congress who was imprisoned by the south africa government for protesting racist policies, but later became the president in 1994
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describe how Israel became an independent nation, what resulted from it.
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got a hostile greeting from its neighbors, the day after it proclaimed itself a state, six Islamic states -- Egypt,Iraq,Jordan,Lebanon,Saudi Arabia, and Syria -- invaded Israel
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Explain how the election of F. W. de Klerk marked the beginning of a new era in south African society.
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the South African Parliament repealed apartheid laws that had segregated public facilities and restricted land ownership by blacks
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How did the failed coupe accelerate the breakup of the Soviet Union?
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Communist attempted to take over the country
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Describe the serious problems Germany faced after reunification
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They were now committed to democracy and human rights
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Explain how Deng's four modernization affected agriculture and technology in China
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Deng extended his program to industry. The government permitted private business to operate. It gave the managers of state - owned industries more freedom to set production goals.
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Describe what took place at Tienanmen square in 1989
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Students sparked a popular uprising that stunned China's leaders. Beginning in April of that year, more than 100,000 students occupied Tienanmen square, a huge public space in the heart of Beijing
