nutrition test study part 2 – Flashcards
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Certain nutrients provide us with energy. Some are important for growth and development. Others act to keep body functions running smoothly. Which of the following does not promote growth and development?
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Carbohydrates
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Fibers belong to the class of nutrients known as
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carbohydrate.
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Which of the following is a characteristic of vitamins?
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Enable chemical processes in the body
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Which of the following is not a characteristic of protein?
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Most significant energy source for humans
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A kcalorie is a measure of
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heat energy.
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Which of the following should be limited in the diet because of their effect on blood cholesterol?
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Saturated fats
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Which of the following is not a simple carbohydrate?
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Starches
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Which of the following terms describes psychological influences that encourage us to find and eat food?
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Appetite
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Which statement best describes nutrient density?
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Consume foods that have the most nutrition for their kcalories.
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The acronym RDA stands for
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Recommended Dietary Allowance.
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Adequate Intakes (AI)
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are established for nutrients for which there is not enough information to set RDAs.
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You pick up a box of Cheerios cereal in the supermarket. The label tells you that a 1-cup serving provides 25 percent of the ______ for iron.
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Daily Value
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The term "Daily Values" on a food label refers to
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a rough guideline based on approximate human needs.
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EER refers to
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estimated calorie needs for the average person of a specific height, weight, age, gender, and physical activity pattern.
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One cup of apple juice has 111 kcalories and 1.4 mg of vitamin C. The same serving size of orange juice has 112 kcalories and 124 mg of vitamin C. Which of the following is true regarding their nutrient density?
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Orange juice is more vitamin C nutrient dense than apple juice.
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The acronym DRI stands for
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Dietary Reference Intake.
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Which of the following statements is consistent with the Dietary Guidelines for Americans?
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Balance the food you eat with physical activity.
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Which government agency is responsible for regulating most U.S. food labeling?
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Food and Drug Administration
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When looking at the ingredient label of a bottled spaghetti sauce, you see that olive oil is the second ingredient. This means that olive oil is
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the second most abundant ingredient by weight.
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According to the Dietary Guidelines the food groups to encourage are
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fruits, vegetables, low-fat milk, and whole grains.
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In order to make healthful and logical nutrition decisions beware of
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A and C. testimonials about personal experience. promises of dramatic results (rarely true).
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The ___________________________ system is made up of several glands that act in the regulation of metabolism, reproduction, water balance, and many other functions.
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endocrine
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What structure prevents food from entering the trachea when you swallow?
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Epiglottis
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Which large blood vessel is the first to receive most recently eaten nutrients, transporting them to the liver?
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Portal vein
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After digestion and absorption, which circulatory system carries fat and fat-soluble vitamins?
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Lymphatic
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Where does digestion begin?
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Mouth
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Most digestion takes place in the
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small intestine.
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The ring-like muscles that retard or prevent backflow of partially digested food in the gastrointestinal tract are called
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sphincters.
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What is the function of mucus in the stomach?
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Protects stomach cells from gastric juices
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What substance helps suspend fat in a watery digestive mixture, making fat more available to digestive enzymes?
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bile
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Where are most digestive enzymes produced?
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Pancreas and small intestine
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Peristalsis refers to
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muscular movement of materials through the GI tract.
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What percentage of a meal has been absorbed by the time it leaves the small intestine?
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95%
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These protein-based substances enhance digestion by making chemical reactions more likely to happen.
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Enzymes
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Absorption of nutrients by intestinal cells occurs by all the following mechanisms except
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sustained absorption.
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Which pH best describes the environment of the stomach when stimulated?
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Acidic
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Partially digested food that enters the small intestine from the stomach is called
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chyme.
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Which of the following is true regarding bile?
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it is produced by the liver.
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The villi of the small intestine
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provide an enormous surface area that facilitates absorption.
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Constipation can best be prevented by
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eating dietary fiber.
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Which of the following is an important dietary recommendation for avoiding heartburn?
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Eat smaller meals that are lower in fat.
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Which of the following is not a monosaccharide?
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Lactose
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The main function of glucose is to supply _______________ for the body.
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calories
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A disaccharide is formed by the chemical bonding of
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two monosaccharides.
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What is the major monosaccharide found in the body?
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Glucose
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The term "simple carbohydrates" refers to
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monosaccharides and disaccharides.
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What enzyme is responsible for carbohydrate digestion in the small intestine?
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Pancreatic amylase
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amylase is
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an enzyme that digests starch.
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The major symptoms of lactose intolerance are
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as, abdominal pain, and distention.
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Which of the following hormones corrects a hyperglycemic state?
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insulin
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Which of the following hormones is released during stressful times to increase blood glucose levels, making more energy available for use?
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Epinephrine
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Glycogen is
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a highly branched polysaccharide.
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The major storage sites for glycogen are
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muscles and liver.
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Dietary fibers primarily are
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polysaccharides.
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Dietary fiber may play a key role in the prevention of which cancer?
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colon
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A reasonable and recommended goal for daily dietary fiber intake is how many grams?
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25 to 38
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When eating a high-fiber diet one should
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increase fluid intake.
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Which of the following is not characteristic of Type 1 diabetes mellitus?
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Arises most commonly in adulthood
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All of the following are characteristic of Type 2 diabetes mellitus except
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the least common form of diabetes.
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Which of the following is not a metabolic syndrome risk indicator?
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High HDL cholesterol
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All of the following are characteristic of cholesterol except
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it is an essential nutrient.
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A monounsaturated fatty acid contains
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one double bond.
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In which form are most dietary lipids found?
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Triglycerides
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A saturated fatty acid contains
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no double bonds.
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Which of the following would you buy if you wanted the highest polyunsaturated fatty acid content?
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Liquid, squeezable margarine, made from safflower oil
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The three-carbon structure to which fatty acids are attached in triglycerides is called
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glycerol.
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A diglyceride consists of
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1 glycerol and 2 fatty acids.
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Hydrogenation produces what kinds of fat?
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Trans-fatty acids
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Cholesterol is found in all of the following except
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corn oil.
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If a fat contains mostly saturated fatty acids, it is likely to be ________ at room temperature.
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solid
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Olive oil contains abundant amounts of which type of fatty acid?
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Monounsaturated
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Timothy wants to avoid eating too much hydrogenated fat. All of the following are appropriate ways except
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eating packaged cookies and desserts made with vegetable shortening.
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The major fat-digesting enzyme is
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pancreatic lipase.
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After chylomicrons leave the intestinal cells, they are transported via what system?
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Lymphatic
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Which lipoprotein is responsible for picking up cholesterol from dying cells and other sources so it can be transported back to the liver for excretion?
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High-density lipoprotein
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To be transported throughout the body, fats are packaged in structures called
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lipoproteins.
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Which of the following contains a rich supply of omega-3 fatty acids?
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Salmon
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A desirable total serum cholesterol level is less than ____ milligrams per deciliter.
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200
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The basic building block of a protein is called a(n)
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amino acid
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The chemical element found in all amino acids but not found in either carbohydrates or fats is
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nitrogen.
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Which of the following is true about protein?
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It is made up of combinations of approximately 20 amino acids.
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An essential amino acid
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cannot be synthesized in the body in sufficient quantity to meet body needs.
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Which of the following is a food that provides all of the essential amino acids?
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Milk
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What enzyme is released by the stomach to digest protein?
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Pepsin
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When protein consumption is in excess of body needs and energy needs are met, the excess amino acids are metabolized and the energy in the molecule is
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stored as glycogen and/or fat.
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If the carbohydrate content of the diet is insufficient to meet the body's needs for glucose, which of the following can be converted to glucose?
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Amino acids
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The chemical bond joining adjacent amino acids is called a(n) _____________ bond.
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peptide
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Food proteins are used most efficiently when we
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are consuming enough carbohydrates and fats to meet our kcalorie needs.
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Antibodies are
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proteins.
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Today the best estimate for the amount of protein required for nearly all adults is _____ grams per kilogram body weight per day.
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0.8
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High protein diets may be harmful for
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those with kidney disease.
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Marasmus usually is associated with a deficiency of
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kcalories.
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Kwashiorkor usually is associated with a deficiency of
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protein.
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The child with kwashiorkor has all the following conditions except
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some visible fat stores
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A vegetarian who excludes animal flesh but consumes such products as milk and eggs is referred to as a(n)
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lacto-ovo-vegetarian.
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A vegetarian who eats only plant foods is a(n)
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vegan.
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The most reliable source of vitamin B12 for the vegan would be
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fortified soybean milk.
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Which of the following is characteristic of lipids?
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Supply a concentrated form of fuel for the body
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Minerals can
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become part of the body structural systems.
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Which of the following is not a class of nutrient?
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alcohol
