Nutrition Test 2 – Flashcards
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which of the following is not a monosaccharide
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lactose
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a disaccharide is formed by the chemical bonding of
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two monosaccharides
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the process that plants use to make glucose from carbon dioxide and water in the presence of the sun's heat and light is called
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photosynthesis
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what is the major monosaccharide found in the body
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glucose
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glucose is also known as
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dextrose
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the term "simple carbohydrates" refers to
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monosaccharides and disaccharides
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which of the following is a major source of lactose
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buttermilk
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the monosaccharides important in nutrition are
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fructose, glucose, galactose
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which of the following is true about carbohydrate digestion
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carbohydrate digestion is assisted by cooking; softens tough skins
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what enzyme is responsible for carbohydrate digestion in the small intestine
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pancreatic amylase
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carbohydrte digestion begins in the
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mouth with salivary amylase
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amylase is
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an enzyme that digests starch
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what is the fate of disaccharides not digested in the small intestine
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they pass into the colon and are fermented by bacteria
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glucose is absorbed via
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active absorption
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which of the following is not true of carbohydrate absorption
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maltose is transported through the portal vein to the liver
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lactose intolerance is caused by
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lactase deficiency
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the major symptoms of lactose intolerance are
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gas, abdominal pain, and distention
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the main function of glucose is
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to supply energy
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which of the following hormones corrects a hyperglycemic state
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insulin
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which of the following hormones is released to correct a hypoglycemic state
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glucagon
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when insulin is released it causes
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muscle and fat cells to increase glucose uptake
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which of the following hormones is released during stressful times to increase blood glucose levels, making more energy available for use?
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epinephrine
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for which of the following is glucose most critical as an energy source
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brain
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glycogen is
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a highly branched polysaccharide
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starch is comprised of hundreds and perhaps thousands of which molecule
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glucose
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amylose is
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a long straight glucose chain
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the major storage sites for glycogen are
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muscles and liver
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soluble fibers
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can lower blood cholesterol
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which of the following is not a rich source of soluble fiber
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whole wheat bread
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dietary fiber may play a key role in the prevention of which cancer
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colon
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which of the following foods would have the most fiber
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kidney beans
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when eating a high fiber diet one should
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increase fluid intake
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which of the following is not a characteristic of type 1 diabetes mellitus
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arises most commonly in adulthood
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all of the following are characteristics of type 2 diabetes mellitus except
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the least common form of diabetes
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a saturated fatty acid contains
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no double bonds
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blood test results that reveal a person's serum cholesterol and triglycerides are called a
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lipid profile
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olive oil contains abundant amounts of which type of fatty acid
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monounsaturated
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in which form are most dietary lipids found
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triglycerides
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all of the following describe the behavior of fat cells except
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the body's ability to store fat is limitless
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which of the following describes a fatty acid that has one double bond
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monounsaturated
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what is the composition of triglycerides
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fatty acids and glycerol
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which of the following does not describe a function of fat
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best source of energy for the brain
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if a fat contains mostly saturated fatty acids it is likely to be
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solid at room temperature
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the main reason for hydrogenating fats is to
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change a liquid fat to a solid fat
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which of the following is true about trans fatty acids found in hydrogenated fats
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when consumed they can raise serum LDL cholesterol
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timothy wants to avoid eating hydrogenated fat. all of the following are appropriate except
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eating packaged cookies and desserts made with vegetable shortening
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the three carbon structure to which fatty acids are attached in triglycerides is called
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glycerol
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after absorption, long-chain fatty acids and monoglycerides inside intestinal cells
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are reformed into triglycerides
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the body energy that can be stored in almost unlimited amounts is
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triglyceride
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the major function o adipose tissue is to
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store triglycerides
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the body stores excess protien as
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triglycerides
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phospholipids differ from triglycerides in which of the following ways?
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a compound containing phosphorus replaces at least one fatty acid
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which of the following is true about lecithin
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it is an essential part of every cell
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sterols are similar to triglycerides in which of the following ways
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they do not dissolve in water
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which of the following is true about cholesterol
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it is only found in animal products
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the major fat-digesting enzyme is
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pancreatic lipase
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after the chylomicrons leave the intestinal cells, the ar transported via what system
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lymphatic
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lipoproteins contain the following components except
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carbohydrate
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once the chylomicrons arrive at their destination via the bloodstream, the triglycerides in the chylomicrons are broken down into glycerol and fatty acids by an enzyme associated with the blood vessel called
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lipoprotein lipase
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which lipoprotien is responsible for picking up cholesterol from dying cells and other sources so it can be transported back to the liver for excretion
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high density lipoprotein
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hydrogenation produces what kinds of fat
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trans-fatty acids
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the basic building block of a protein is called an
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amino acid
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the chemica element found in all amino acids but not found in either carbohydrates or fats is
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nitrogen
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an essential amino acid
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cannot be synthesized in sufficient quantity to meet body needs
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the nitrogen from amino acid breakdown is
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converted to urea
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proteins are chemically digested in which areas of the body
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stomach and small intestine
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what enzyme is released by the stomach to digest protein
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pepsin
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which of the following is not true about pepsin
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pepsin works best in an alkaline environment
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if the diet is lacking an essential amino acid, what will be the course of action
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protein synthesis will be limited
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if a food does not contain the necessary amounts of a certain amino acid to eet a body need, that amino acid is referred to as a
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limiting amino acid
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when protein consumption is in excess of body needs and energy neeeds are met the excess amino acids are metabolized and the energy in the molecule is
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stored as amino acids in the liver
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approximately how many different amino acids are used in the synthesis of body proteins
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20
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if the carbohydrate content of the diet is insufficient to meet the body's needs for glucose which of the following can be converted to glucose
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amino acids
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the chemical bond joining amino acids is called a
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peptide bond
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cooking an egg alters its appearance due to
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denaturation
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food protiens are used most efficiently when we
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are consuming enough carbohydrates and fats to meet our kcalorie needs
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all of the following are primary functions of protein except
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to supply more than 40 percentof the kcalories in the diet
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antibodies are
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proteins
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one would likely to see positive protein balance in all of the following conditions except
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starvation
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all of the following describe the fate of excess protein execpt
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could be store in the liver
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all the following describe kwahiorkor and marasmus except
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diseases that are troublesome but not life threatening
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kwashiorkor is usually associated with a deficiency of
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protein
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a vegetarian who only eats plant foods is a
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vegan
