nutrition test 1 – Flashcards
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RDAs are not used in food labeling because
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they are age and gender specific.
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The Dietary Guidelines recommend limiting ____________ fatty acids.
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saturated and trans
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The Dietary Guidelines were issued in response to
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concerns regarding disease patterns in the United States.
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The Mediterranean Diet Pyramid patterns dietary data from parts of the Mediterranean region that enjoy
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the highest adult life expectancy and lowest recorded rates of chronic diseases.
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The RDAs are considered to be adequate to meet the known nutritional needs of
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nearly all healthy persons.
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The amount of a particular nutrient in a serving of food compared to its kcal content is called its _______________.
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nutrient density
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The calories allowed in a diet after the person has met overall nutrition needs are called _______________ calories.
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discretionary
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The number of servings to consume from each MyPlate's food groups depends on a person's
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age, gender, and physical activity level.
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The "Supplement Facts" panel on dietary supplements resembles the _______________________________ and is required on all dietary supplements.
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Nutrition Facts panel on food
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Tina is consuming 12 mg of iron per day. Her RDA is 15 mg. She has no condition warranting a greater-than-normal need for iron. Which of the following statements is true about her consumption of this nutrient?
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Only if her intake is consistently less than 70% of the RDA would she be at great risk of nutritional deficiency.
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When looking at the ingredient label of a bottled spaghetti sauce, you see that olive oil is the second ingredient. This means that olive oil is
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the second most abundant ingredient by weight.
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Which government agency is responsible for most U.S. food labeling?
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FDA
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Which of the following is not a limitation of nutritional assessments?
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Often nutrition assessments are timely, costly, and do not provide valuable information.
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Which of the following is not a wise practice for good health?
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Avoid all fats and oils group to lose weight
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Which of the following is not required on a nutrition label?
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The amount of all vitamins and minerals for which there is an RDA
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Which of the following is true about the way we should eat to achieve good nutritional status?
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Eat a wide variety of foods because no single natural food meets all human nutrient needs.
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Which of the following measures does NOT assess nutritional status?
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DNA analysis
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Which of the following statements is consistent with the Dietary Guidelines for Americans?
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Balance the food you eat with physical activity.
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Which statement best describes nutrient density?
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Consume foods that have the most nutrition for their kcalories.
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Which statement best describes the healthful diet principle of moderation?
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Plan your entire day's diet so that you don't overconsume nutrient sources.
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_______________ are substances found in plants that, if consumed regularly, may contribute to a reduced risk of cancer or cardiovascular disease.
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Phytochemicals
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All of the following are characteristics of heartburn except which one?
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It subsides when a person relaxes and lies down after a meal.
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All of the following are characteristics of serious form of heartburn (GERD) except which one?
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Avoid or limit coffee, alcohol and nicotine won't help
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All of the following are features of the epiglottis except which one?
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It is the first GI tract sphincter
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All of the following can weaken esophageal sphincter tension and promote heartburn excep
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flavored water
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All of the following must be supplied by the diet to support the chemical processes of human physiology except
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phytochemicals
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An important dietary recommendation for avoiding heartburn?
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Eat smaller meals that are lower in fat.
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Constipation can best be prevented by
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eating recommended amount of dietary fiber.
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In the digestive tract, the most active area for the absorption of nutrients into the body is the
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small intestine.
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Partially digested food that enters the small intestine from the stomach is called
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chyme
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Protein based Substances that can enhance digestion by making chemical reactions more likely to happen.
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Enzymes
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The ___________________________ system is made up of several glands that act in the regulation of metabolism, reproduction, water balance, and many other functions.
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endocrine
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The bateria _____ can cause stomach ulcer for which an antibiotic treatment can help.
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Helicobacter pylori
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The circulatory system that carries fat and fat-soluble vitamins after digestion and absorption,
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Lymphatic system
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The large intestine absorbs
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water and minerals
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The muscular contractions that move food through the digestive tract are called
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peristalsis.
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he thick mucus in the stomach is can help to:
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protect stomach cells from acid and enzymes.
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The villi and micro-villi of the small intestine
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provide an enormous surface area that facilitates absorption.
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Transmission of nerve impulses relies on the concentrations of ______ in the neuron.
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sodium and potassium
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What is one function of the pyloric sphincter?
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Prevents intestinal contents from backing up into the stomach
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Where does digestion begin?
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Mouth
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Which large blood vessel is the first to receive most recently eaten nutrients, transporting them to the liver?
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Portal vein
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Which meals would leave the stomach last?
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Fried egg, bacon, toasts with butter, and coffee with cream
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Which of the following organs serves as a storage depot for many vitamins and minerals?
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liver
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Which of the following substances is primarily involved in the absorption of fat to facilitate its digestion?
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Bile
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Which of the following, upon digestion, is not normally released directly into the bloodstream?
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Fats
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In the U.S. diet, carbohydrate supplies approximately what percentage of total kcalories?
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50%
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Which of the following is a major source of lactose?
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skim milk
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Which of the following is true about carbohydrate digestion?
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Carbohydrate digestion is assisted by cooking, which softens tough skins.
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Carbohydrate digestion begins in the
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mouth with salivary amylase.
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The major symptoms of lactose intolerance are
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gas, abdominal pain, and distention.
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Those with lactose intolerance usually can consume all the following except
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milk shakes made with skim milk
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The main function of glucose is to
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supply energy
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The glycemic load takes into account the glycemic index of the food and the amount of
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carbohydrate consumed.
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You are on a diet and eating less than 50 grams of carbohydrate per day. The claim made in the diet educational materials is that carbohydrate is the main culprit in being overweight, so it must be restricted. Which of the following will happen as a result of this low carbohydrate diet?
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Proteins in muscles, heart, and other vital organs will be broken down into amino acids to make needed glucose, over time weakening the muscles and organs.
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Starch is comprised of hundreds and perhaps thousands of which molecule?
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Glucose
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Which of the following has the most starch?
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1 cup of kidney beans
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The major storage sites for glycogen are
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muscles and liver.
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Which of the following is not true of dietary fibers?
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They are absorbed in the large intestine.
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Viscous (soluble) fibers
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can lower blood cholesterol.
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Which of the following is not a rich source of viscous (soluble) fibers?
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Whole wheat bread
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Dietary fiber may play a key role in the prevention of which cancer?
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colon
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John Fibernugget wants to increase his fiber intake. Which of the following would be the safest y for him do this?
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Eating more fruits and vegetables and not removing the edible peels
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When eating a high-fiber diet one should .
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increase fluid intake.
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What is the minimum number of grams of carbohydrate, per day, humans must consume to avoid ketosis?
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130
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Which of the following breakfasts would be highest in carbohydrate?
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8 ounces orange juice, 2 cups Cream of Wheat with 2 tablespoons sugar, English muffin with jelly, 1 cup whole milk
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Which of the following is not characteristic of Type 1 diabetes mellitus?
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Occurs most commonly in adulthood
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All of the following are characteristic of Type 2 diabetes mellitus except .
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the least common form of diabetes.
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The most important dietary approach for the treatment of Type 2 diabetes mellitus is to
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eat regular and consistent carbohydrate control meals
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Which of the following is not a metabolic syndrome risk indicator?
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High HDL
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If you had the condition phenylketonuria, which should you not use?
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Aspartame
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A kcalorie is a measure of
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heat energy
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An appropriate attitude toward aging and health is
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if I live a healthful lifestyle, I may slow the aging process.
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Certain nutrients provide us with energy. Some are important for growth and development. Others act to keep body functions running smoothly. Which of the following does not promote growth and development? .
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Carbohydrates
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Dietary minerals can
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become part of the body structural systems
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Fibers belong to the class of nutrients known as
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carbohydrates
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Gram for gram, which provides the most energy?
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Fats
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One factor that can influence American food habits against healthful eating:
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a hurried lifestyle, lack of free time leading to many meals eaten away from home.
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The essential nutrients
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cannot be made by the body and therefore must be consumed to maintain health.
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What substances, present in fruits and vegetables, provide significant health benefits such as reducing the risk of cancer?
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Phytochemicals
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Which are characteristic of protein?
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Supplies 4 calories per gram
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Which are characteristics of lipids?
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9 calories /gm and the most concentrated fuel source for the bod
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Which food source should be limited in the diet because of their effect on blood cholesterol?
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Saturated and trans fats
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Which group provide energy-yielding substances?
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Carbohydrates, protein, lipids, alcohol
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Which of the following contain no calories?
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Vitamins
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Which of the following hormones is made by the fat cells and influences long-term regulation of total fat stores?
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Leptin
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Which of the following is NOT true about the energy content of nutrients?
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Lipids supply 7 calories per gram.
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Which of the following is a characteristic of vitamins?
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Enable chemical processes in the body
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Which of the following is not a class of nutrient?
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Alcohol
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Which of the following is true about plain water?
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All of these except provide energy
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Which of the following is true about the North American diet?
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Approximately half of our carbohydrates come from simple sugars.
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Which of the following nutrients can directly supply energy for human use?
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Lipids and oils
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Which of the following nutrition-related diseases is not one of the three leading causes of death in the United States?
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Diabetes
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Which of the following yield greater than 4 calories per gram?
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plant fats
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Which substances in plant foods that are not digested in the stomach or small intestine?
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daily fiber intake
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Which are characteristics of carbohydrates?
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provide 4 calories /gram and can be a major fuel source for the body
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