question

One would be likely to see positive protein balance in all of the following conditions except

answer

starvation

question

The basic building block of a protein is called a(n)

answer

amino acid

question

The RDA for protein is increased

answer

during pregnancy and lactation

question

At which stage of life must a diet contain the highest percentage of protein as essential amino acids?

answer

infancy

question

An essential amino acid

answer

cannot be synthesized in the body in sufficient quantity to meet body needs

question

High protein diets may be harmful for

answer

those with kidney disease

question

An inadequate intake of dietary protein can stunt a child's growth

answer

True

question

Which of the following is not true about an incomplete protein source?

answer

Lower quantities of this source could be eaten to get adequate quantities of essential amino acids.

question

In the case of sickle cell anemia, the slight alterations in the DNA of red blood cells lead to

answer

changes in the structure of the protein hemoglobin

question

Wilma is an alcoholic. Her liver has been damaged to such a degree that it cannot produce the appropriate blood proteins for fluid balance. She develops a condition called edema, which is

answer

the build up of fluid in the extracellular spaces

question

If a food does not contain the necessary amounts of a certain amino acid to meet a body need, that amino acid is referred to as a

answer

limiting amino acid

question

If the diet is lacking an essential amino acid, what will be the course of action?

answer

protein synthesis will be limited

question

Which of the following is true about protein intake of people in the United States?

answer

Most consume more than is needed

question

Antibodies are

answer

proteins

question

Animal protein foods often contain large amounts of saturated fat

answer

True

question

Which of the following is not true about body proteins?

answer

They are static and change little after achievement of adult status

question

Strict vegetarians who eat no animal products or nutrient-fortified products should supplement their diets with

answer

vitamin b-12

question

Food proteins are used most efficiently when we

answer

are consuming enough carbs and fats to meet our kcalorie needs

question

Which of the following is not true about pepsin?

answer

Pepsin works best in an alkaline environment.

question

Kwashiorkor usually is associated with a deficiency of

answer

protein

question

Today the best estimate for the amount of protein required for nearly all adults is _____ grams per kilogram body weight per day.

answer

0.8

question

When there is a need for increased dietary protein during pregnancy or lactation, which foodstuff would be least desirable?

answer

gelatin

question

When comparing plant sources of protein to animal sources, we could say

answer

Plant sources tend to contain more dietary fiber.

question

The most reliable source of vitamin B12 for the vegan would be

answer

fortified soybean milk

question

If Betty wants to eat the most nutrient-dense source of protein, she would eat

answer

tuna

question

Athletes usually need at least triple the protein intake of non-athletes. Supplements are the preferred source.

answer

False

question

Which of the following is true about the fate of fatty acids after their absorption?

answer

Fatty acids of less than 12 carbons enter the blood and then the liver via the portal vein.

question

Which of the following is an essential fatty acid?

answer

linoleic

question

The small intestine absorbs some vitamins better when dietary fat is present.

answer

True

question

Olive oil contains abundant amounts of which type of fatty acid?

answer

Monounsaturated

question

Good suggestions for eating in a heart-healthy way would be to

answer

trim fat off meat before and after cooking

question

"Hidden fat" includes

answer

fat in crackers and other grain products.

question

All of the following describe the characteristics of fat cells except

answer

The number of fat cells decreases when fat is lost from the body

question

All of the following are characteristic of cholesterol except

answer

it is an essential nutrient

question

If a fat contains mostly saturated fatty acids, it is likely to be ________ at room temperature

answer

solid

question

Studies of Greenland Eskimos, among others, have demonstrated a relationship between the consumption of fish and the risk for heart disease. What is the most likely mechanism for the reduction of heart disease risk when fish is consumed?

answer

fish contain fatty acids that decrease blood clotting

question

The major fat-digesting enzyme is

answer

pancreatic lipase

question

Lipids containing mostly polyunsaturated fatty acids are liquid at room temperature.

answer

True

question

Which of the following is true about Olestra?

answer

It cannot be digested, therefore it leaves the body

question

The lipoprotein that carries triglyceride made by the liver to the rest of the body is the

answer

very low density lipoprotein

question

A monounsaturated fatty acid contains

answer

one double bond

question

Immediately after a meal, newly absorbed dietary fats appear in the blood as

answer

chylomicrons

question

An essential omega-3 fatty acid with 18 carbons and 3 double bonds is called

answer

alpha-linoliec acid

question

Hydrogenation makes vegetable oils more solid at room temperature.

answer

True

question

Which of the following contains a rich supply of omega-3 fatty acids?

answer

Salmon

question

After absorption, long-chain fatty acids and monoglycerides inside intestinal cells are

answer

reformed into triglycerides

question

Sterols are similar to triglycerides in which of the following ways?

answer

They do not dissolve in water.

question

When triglycerides are digested, before being absorbed, they are converted to a mixture of

answer

Monoglycerides and fatty acids

question

Triglycerides in food are said to have satiety value primarily because

answer

They are high in kcalories

question

The lipid in the diet that most profoundly raises the "bad" blood cholesterol is

answer

saturated fat

question

Which of the following does not describe a function of fat?

answer

Best source of energy for the brain

question

How many carbons do long-chain fatty acids contain?

answer

12 or more

question

To be transported throughout the body, fats are packaged in structures called

answer

lipoprotein

question

Which of the following breakfasts would be the highest in carbohydrates?

answer

1 cup whole milk, 2 ounces sausage, 2 fried eggs, 1 slice of toast with butter

question

Which of the following has the most starch?

answer

1 cup of kidney beans

question

Which of the following describes the process of starch digestion?

answer

Starch to maltose to glucose

question

Which of the following is true about carbohydrate digestion?

answer

Carbohydrate digestion is assisted by cooking, which softens tough skins.

question

The term "simple carbohydrates" refers to

answer

monosaccharides and disaccharides.

question

Which of the following is not characteristic of Type 1 diabetes mellitus?

answer

Arises most commonly in adulthood

question

What is the fate of disaccharides not digested in the small intestine?

answer

They pass into the colon and are fermented by bacteria.

question

Dietary fiber may play a key role in the prevention of which cancer?

answer

Colon

question

The major storage sites for glycogen are

answer

muscle and liver

question

Sucralose (Splenda®) is made by adding

answer

chlorines to sucrose

question

Which of the following hormones is released during stressful times to increase blood glucose levels, making more energy available for use?

answer

epinephrine

question

Major fructose sources include

answer

fruits and high fructose corn syrup

question

You are on a diet and eating less than 50 grams of carbohydrate per day. The claim made in the diet educational materials is that carbohydrate is the main culprit in being overweight, so it must be restricted. Which of the following will happen as a result of this low carbohydrate diet?

answer

Proteins in muscles, heart, and other vital organs will be broken down into amino acids to make needed glucose, over time weakening the muscles and organs.

question

A disaccharide is formed by the chemical bonding of

answer

two monosaccharides

question

If you had the condition phenylketonuria, which should you not use?

answer

aspertame

question

The main function of glucose is to

answer

supply energy

question

A reasonable and recommended goal for daily dietary fiber intake is how many grams?

answer

25 to 38

question

Which of the following is true?

answer

glucose and galactose form lactose

question

Which organ will first receive sugars after they are absorbed into the blood?

answer

liver

question

Which of the following is not true of dietary fibers?

answer

They are absorbed into the large instestine

question

Of the following, which is a major source of sucrose?

answer

sugar cane

question

These protein-based substances enhance digestion by making chemical reactions more likely to happen.

answer

enzymes

question

Most digestion takes place in the

answer

small intestine

question

A hormone responds to food entering the small intestine and stimulates the pancreas to release

answer

bicarb

question

A recurrent and more serious form of heartburn, also known as acid reflux, is called

answer

GERD ( gastro-esophageal reflux disease)

question

Which of the following meals would leave the stomach last?

answer

sausage egg cheese biscuit and coffee

question

Partially digested food that enters the small intestine from the stomach is called

answer

chyme

question

What sphincter separates the small intestine from the large intestine?

answer

ileocecal

question

Antibiotic treatment of infection with the bacteria ______________ heals some stomach ulcers and prevents their recurrence.

answer

H. Pylori

question

Absorption of nutrients by intestinal cells occurs by all the following mechanisms except

answer

sustained absorption

question

The study of how genes determine our nutritional requirements is called

answer

nutrigenomics

question

The liver is the first stop for most absorbed nutrients because it

answer

is the end point for the portal vein

question

Which of the following therapies is appropriate for ulcer treatment?

answer

antacids

question

The study of how food impacts health through its interaction with our genes and its subsequent effect on gene expression is called

answer

nutrigenomics

question

Which of the following is true regarding bile?

answer

Produced by the liver

question

Which of the following is true about the North American diet?

answer

Approx. half of our carbs come from simple sugars

question

Minerals can

answer

become part of the body structural system

question

Certain nutrients provide us with energy. Some are important for growth and development. Others act to keep body functions running smoothly. Which of the following does not promote growth and development?

answer

carbohydrates

question

Which of the following are substances in plant foods that are not digested in the stomach or small intestine?

answer

dietary fiber

question

Which of the following is not true about water?

answer

provides energy

question

A kcalorie is a measure of

answer

heat energy

question

Which of the following is a characteristic of vitamins?

answer

enable chemical processes in the body

question

Which of the following yield greater than 4 kcalories per gram?

answer

plant fats

question

A serving of bleu cheese dressing containing 23 grams of fat would yield _____ kcalories.

answer

207

question

Which of the following should be limited in the diet because of their effect on blood cholesterol?

answer

saturated fats

question

Which of the following yield no calories?

answer

Vitamins

question

Which of the following nutrients can directly supply energy for human use?

answer

lipids and oils

question

Which of the following terms describes psychological influences that encourage us to find and eat food?

answer

appetite

question

The RDAs are considered to be adequate to meet the known nutritional needs of

answer

nearly all healthy persons

question

Which statement best describes the healthful diet principle of balance?

answer

consume a variety of foods from MyPyramid's five major food groups everyday

question

Which of the following is true about the way we should eat to achieve good nutritional status?

answer

Eat a variety of foods because no single natural food meets all human nutrient needs.

question

Which of the following is not a true statement about the USDA MyPyramid Fruit group?

answer

Include plenty of fruit juices for your fruit servings

question

EER refers to

answer

estimated calorie needs for the average person of a specific height, weight, age, gender, and physical activity pattern.

question

One serving of Raisin Bran cereal contains 50 percent of the 18 mg Daily Value for iron. How much iron will one serving of your cereal provide?

answer

9 mg

question

Which of the following is not a wise application of the USDA MyPyramid?

answer

Eliminating food from the oils group to lose weight

question

The MyPyramid guidelines recommend that we be physically active for at least how many minutes most days of the week?

answer

30

question

Tina is consuming 12 mg of iron per day. Her RDA is 15 mg. She has no condition warranting a greater-than-normal need for iron. Which of the following statements is true about her consumption of this nutrient?

answer

Only if her intake is consistently less than 70% of the RDA would she be at great risk of nutritional deficiency.

question

Adequate Intakes (AI)

answer

are established for nutrients for which there is not enough information to set RDAs.

question

You pick up a box of Cheerios cereal in the supermarket. The label tells you that a 1-cup serving provides 25 percent of the ______ for iron.

answer

daily value

question

Which of the following is true about the use of the USDA MyPyramid?

answer

variety is the key to plan

question

Margaret, an elderly woman, needs to limit her kcalorie intake without sacrificing needed nutrients. Keeping in mind MyPyramid, which of the following could she do?

answer

carefully select foods rich in nutrients but low in kcalories

question

Which of the following statements is consistent with the Dietary Guidelines for Americans?

answer

Balance the food you eat with physical activity

question

According to the Dietary Guidelines the food groups to encourage are

answer

fruits, vegetables, low-fat milk, and whole grains

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