Nutrition Final Test Answers - Flashcards

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a bolus is conducted past the diaphram through the...

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esophagus

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prevents food from entering the trachea

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epiglottis

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primary site for absorption of nutrients

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microvilli

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gram for gram, provides the most energy

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fats

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food labels express the nutrient content in relation to a set of standard values known as the

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daily values

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provide more nutrients relative to kcalories

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nutrient dense

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textured vegetable protein is usually made of

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soy protein

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the study of how a person's genes interact with nutrients is termed

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nutritional genomics

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what structure separates the colon from the small intestine

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ileocecal valve

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name of the projections on the inner surface of the small intestine

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villi

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portion of food swallowed at one time

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bolus

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element found in proteins but not in carbohydrates and fats

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nitrogen

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fatty acid found in high amounts in olive oil

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monounsaturated

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a compound composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen with 3 fatty acids attached to a molecule of glycerol

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triglyceride

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sweetener should be avoided by people with PKU

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aspartame

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when blood glucose concentration falls, what pancreatic hormone is secreted to stimulate release of stored glucose

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glucagon

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what protein is intimately involved in the formation of scar tissue in wound healing

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collagen

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the maximum total fat intake as a percentage of energy intake

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35

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contains live bacterial organisms

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kefir

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essential amino acid present in insufficient quantity for body protein synthesis to take place

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limiting amino acid

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major source of polyunsaturated fat

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corn oil

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cellulose, pectin, hemicellulose, and lignin

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fibers

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inhibits absorption of vitamin E

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drawback of olestra consumption

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the major sterol in the diet

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cholesterol

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lipids differ in their degree of saturation or unsaturation due to their number of

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double bonds

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it is a waste product of cheese production

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whey protein

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lowers blood glucose levels

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insulin

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inactivates foreign bacteria and viruses

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antibodies

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protect vital organs against shock.

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fat

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a molecule that is unstable and highly reactive because it contains unpaired electrons

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free radical

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the body's need for water increases on a diet high in

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protein

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cannot be used to synthesize and store glycogen

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animal fats

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when a person is performing intense physical exercise and begins to feel fatigue and a burning pain in the muscles, the response of the muscles is to synthesize more

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lactate

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the main function of vitamin E in the body is to act as an

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antioxidants

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an aerobic reaction is one that requires

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oxygen

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number of vitamin A are active in the body

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3

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condensation of acetyl CoA molecule forms

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ketones

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can not be formed from pyruvate in human beings

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linolenic acid

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tissue contains the majority of the body's store of vitamin A

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liver

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It participates in synthesis of bone proteins

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vitamin k

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an organic molecule required for the functioning of an enzyme

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coenzyme

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most likely side effect of a high-protein, low-carbohydrate diet

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increased thirst

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most reliable source of vitamin D in the diet

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fortified milk

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a low-protein diet in which corn is a principal food has been found to cause a deficiency of

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niacin

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major sources of vitamin E in the diet

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vegetable oil

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research has shown that the risk for neural tube defects is lowered by taking supplements of

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folate

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it assists enzymes that degrade certain regions of the bone thereby allowing remodeling to occur

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vitamin a

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riboflavin is most easily destroyed when exposed to

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ultraviolet light

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food energy not stored as fat or glycogen is lost as

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heat

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most depleted in the body

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glycogen

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nutrient deficiency during pregnancy may give rise to a child with cretinism

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iodine

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helps maintain gastric acidity

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chloride

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normally begin to lose bone mass at age

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30-40

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enhances iron absorption from the intestinal tract

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vitamin c

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enhance iron absorption

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foods with vitamin c

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among the following calcium supplements, which is most calcium-dense

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calcium carbonate

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what adverse response is known to occur in people who drink copious amounts of water while participating in intense physical activity

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hyponatremia

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a person's highest bone density is achieved by around age

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30

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most reliable source of dietary fluoride

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public water

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iron-containing compound carries oxygen in the bloodstream

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hemoglobin

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water that resides between cells is known as

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interstitutial fluid

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regulates the level of calcium in the blood

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parathyroid hormone and calcitonin

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body's most indispensable nutrient

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water

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protein that carries iron through the circulation to the tissues

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transferrin

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relationship of overweight and health risks diminishes with age, starting after age

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65

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gestation is generally divided into equal periods of

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trimesters

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breast milk as the sole source of nutrition, up to the first 6 months in healthy infants, is satisfactory for all nutrients except

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vitamin d

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all of the following substances or practices should be totally eliminated during pregnancy except

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artificial sweeteners

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chief consequences of nutritional deprivation in the lactating mother

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reduced quantity of milk

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during pregnancy these show a dramatic increase in absorption

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calcium and iron

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a child with a true allergy to milk is actually allergic to the milk's

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casein

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most often the cause of allergies

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eggs peanuts and milk

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a food and nutrition services program for pregnant women, children, and infants

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wic

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single most effective way to teach nutrition to children is by

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example

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difficulty swallowing

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dysphagia

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what vitamin does skin's capacity to synthesize the vitamin is reduced

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vitmain d

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a large weight gain over a short time is a sign of

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preeclampsia

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a child who drinks a lot of milk at the expense of other foods is at high risk of showing signs of

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anemia

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term that describes any nonmilk food offered to an infant

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beikost

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according to nutrition labeling laws, the amounts of what two vitamins must be listed on the package label

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vitamin a and c

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allowed in the diet of a lactovegetarian

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milk products and plant foods

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what organ does the digestion process begin

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mouth

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consists of wavelike muscular contractions resulting from alternate tightening and relaxing of circular muscles and longitudinal muscles

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peristalsis

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function of bile

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emulsifies fats

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immediately after absorption, what circulatory system carries the fat-soluble vitamins and large fats

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lymphatic

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living bacteria found in yogurt are known as

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probiotics

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what type of nutrient is starch

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complex carbohydrate

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principle carbohydrate of milk

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lactose

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chemical composition of fats

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fatty acids and glycerol

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type of fatty acid is found in high amounts in olive oil

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monounsaturated

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the highest percentage of its fat in saturated form

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coconut oil

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the oils found in walnuts, soybeans, flaxseed, and wheat germ represent a good source of preformed

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linolenic acid

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what process results in the hardening of an egg when it is exposed to heat

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denaturation

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a mix of essential and nonessential amino acids derived from protein breakdown and dietary protein intake

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amino acid pool

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a strategy that combines plant proteins in the same day to improve the balance of essential amino acids

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complementary protein nutrition

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acute protein-energy malnutrition in children is characterized by

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low weight for height

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describes the sum of all chemical reactions that go on in living cells

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metabolism

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glycolysis is the conversion of

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glucose to pyruvate

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after digestion and absorption, an amino acid not used to build protein will first be subjected to

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removal of its amino group

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the body's need for water increases on a diet high in

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protein

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in addition to energy, what are the principal end products of cellular oxidation of carbohydrates

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water and carbon dioxide

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vitamin would be removed in the production of skim milk

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vitamin a

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cooking a food in liberal amounts of water is least likely to affect the vitamin content of

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vitamin a

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the signs and symptoms of riboflavin deficiency are known collectively as

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ariboflavinosis

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milk and milk products provide liberal amounts of which of what

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riboflavin

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what vitamin is involved intensively in amino acid metabolism

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vitamin b6

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pernicious anemia results from a deficiency of

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vitamin b12

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assist in collagen formation

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vitamin c

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provides ample amounts of vitamin C

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broccoli

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deficiency of vitamin A

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keratinization

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a child with bowed legs is likely deficient in vitamin

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d

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a molecule that is unstable and highly reactive because it contains unpaired electrons

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free radical

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vitamin is routinely given as a single dose to newborns

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vitamin k

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greatest single source of sodium in the diet

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processed foods

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99% of this provides rigidity for the bones and teeth

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calcium

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calcium absorption is facilitated by the presence of

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lactose

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good sources of dietary calcium

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green vegetables

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minerals is involved in the transportation of lipids through the body's lymph and blood systems

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phosphorus

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mineral is critical to the synthesis of thyroxine

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iodine

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cannot be used to make body proteins

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fatty acids

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can be converted to glucose

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amino acids

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zinc is highest in foods that also contain a high amount of

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protein

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