nutrition chapter 8 mastering health – Flashcards

1. Light first enters the eye through the cornea. 2. The retina is the light absorbing layer of the eye that contains the rod and cone cells. 3. A cell in the retina that is responsible for black and white vision, as well as night vision is a rod. 4. A cone is a cell in the retina responsible for color vision. 5. rhodopsin is a protein found in rods; it is needed for night vision. 6. A type of preformed vitamin A, retinal is found within the rhodopsin protein. 7. The name for the family of substances that are all types of preformed vitamin A is retinoids. 8. The process called bleaching occurs when light enters the eye and interacts with and changes rhodopsin, causing dissociation of vitamin A from rhodopsin.

sources of preformed vitamin A

sources of provitamin a carotenoids

sources of both preformed vitamin a and provitamin a carotenoids as well as lutein

Some types of vitamin A are immediately usable by the body, while other types need to be converted first. Read the statements below and select the correct statements regarding the conversion of provitamin A carotenoids to retinol.

Antioxidant minerals function as ______ within antioxidant enzyme systems.

Oxidation is a chemical reaction that results in _____.

Antioxidants work by ______ free radicals.

Antioxidant enzyme systems act by ______.

Which nutrient is a cofactor in antioxidant enzyme systems?

Tocopherol compounds are biologically active forms of ________.

Vitamin C assists in ________.

Beta-carotene is a ________.

Consumption of excessive vitamin A during pregnancy can result in _____.

Selenium is a trace mineral that appears to play a role in _____ function.

Vitamin C deficiencies are rare in ______ countries.

The primary function of vitamin E is to be a(n) _______.

Vitamin C is excreted easily because it is ______.

Vitamin A is essential to _______.

Selenium deficiency had been associated with _________.

Which of these foods is the best source of vitamin E?

Who is at greatest risk for vitamin E deficiency?

Vitamin C enhances _____ absorption.

Which is the best food source of beta-carotene?

Which meal is likely to exceed the Upper Level (UL) for vitamin A?

The three major types of cancer treatment are radiation, chemotherapy, and ________.

One of the best things you can do to help prevent cancer is _________.

Infectious agents account for _____ of cancers worldwide.

Cancer progresses in ______ stages.

Some of the signs and symptoms to watch for in cancer development include uncommon fatigue, unusual bleeding, and ________.

An example of a modifiable risk factor identified by the American Cancer Society is ____.

Most forms of cancer result in the formation of _________.

If cancer cells are proliferating and growing their own blood vessels, the cancer is likely in the _________ stage.

An example of an action that decreases cancer risk is _________.

The cancer-treatment method that uses electron beams, rays, and photons to kill cancer cells is called ____.