question

Sickle-cell disease is an example of an inherited mistake in the amino acid sequence.

answer

True

question

Most people in the U.S. would find it next to impossible not to meet their protein requirements.

answer

True

question

Starvation always incurs wasting of lean body tissue as well as loss of fat.

answer

True

question

Vegetarians have significantly higher rates of hypertension than the general population.

answer

False

question

The growth of well-fed vegetarian children is similar to that of their meat-eating peers.

answer

True

question

Which of the following is found in protein but not in carbohydrate or fat? A. Carbon B. Hydrogen C. Nitrogen D. Oxygen

answer

C

question

Which of the following accounts for the differences among the various amino acids? A. The amine group B. The side chain group C. The acid group D. A and B E. B and C

answer

B

question

The body normally makes tyrosine from the essential amino acid: A. Phenylalanine B. Leucine C. Valine D. Lysine

answer

A

question

How many amino acids are considered to be essential amino acids? A. 5 B. 7 C. 9 D. 13

answer

C

question

The sequences of amino acids that make up a protein molecule are specified by: A. Age B. Sex C. Heredity D. The diet

answer

C

question

All of the following cause denaturation of proteins except: A. Bases B. Alcohol C. Heat D. Light E. Salts of heavy metals

answer

D

question

For athletes, the path to bigger muscles includes A. Vigorous physical training B. Well-timed meals C. Excess protein consumption D. A and B E. B and C

answer

D

question

The role of enzymes in the small intestine in protein digestion is to split proteins into all except: A. Oligopeptides B. Amino acids C. Dipeptides D. Tripeptides

answer

A

question

The stomach lining is protected from the very strong acid of the stomach by: A. Enzymes B. A coat of mucus C. Saliva D. Antibodies

answer

B

question

The process of protein turnover includes: A. Eating food sources of amino acids every day to grow new cells and replace worn-out ones B. Synthesizing intestinal cells, which can live for months C. Preserving all old amino acids in the body to be re-circulated D. Excreting old amino acids that are left from cell breakdown

answer

A

question

When amino acids are degraded for energy, their amine groups are stripped off and used elsewhere or incorporated by the liver into: A. Bile B. Urea C. Glucose D. Urine

answer

B

question

If amino acids are oversupplied: A. The body stores them until they are needed B. The body removes and excretes their amine groups C. The body converts amino acid residues to glycogen or fat D. A and B E. B and C

answer

E

question

Amino acids are wasted (not used to build protein or nitrogen-containing compounds) whenever there is: 1. Not enough energy from carbohydrate and fat 2. Low-quality protein 3. Too much protein 4. High-quality protein A. 1 and 3 B. 2 and 4 C. 1, 3, and 4 D. 1, 2, and 3

answer

D

question

All of the following are needed for the body to synthesize protein except: A. Adequate carbohydrate and fat B. An adequate total amount of protein C. All essential amino acids in the proper amounts D. Amino acid supplements

answer

D

question

In making recommendations for protein intake, the committee on DRI took into consideration that the protein in a normal diet would be: A. Primarily form animal sources B. Primarily from plant sources C. A combination of animal and plant sources D. Used with 100% efficiency by everyone

answer

C

question

Of the following foods, which likely contains the most easily digestible protein? A. Oats B. Whole wheats C. Potatoes D. Tuna

answer

D

question

Which of the following cooking methods would you use to increase the digestibility of protein? A. Frying B. Stewing C. Grilling D. Baking

answer

B

question

The calorie-deficiency disease resulting from chronic starvation is known most specifically as: A. Protein-calorie malnutrition B. Kwashiorkor C. Marasmus D. Protein-energy malnutrition

answer

C

question

Which of the following is not a characteristic of children with Kwashiorkor? A. They retain some of their stores of body fat B. They accumulate fat in their livers C. They develop edema D. They look like skin and bones

answer

D

question

A child with marasmus would exhibit all of the following symptoms except: A. Sever weight loss B. Dry, thin, and wrinkled skin C. Apathy D. Edema

answer

D

question

Which of the following is not associated with an excess of protein? A. Enlarged livers in humans B. Enlarged kidneys in animals C. Worsening of existing kidney problems D. High-fat foods that contribute to obesity

answer

A

question

Which of the following groups of the USDA Food Guide contributes an abundance of high-quality protein? A. Vegetable B. Milk C. Meat D. A and B E. B and C

answer

E

question

An overemphasis on protein-rich foods can lead to: A. A low intake of iron B. A low intake of folate C. A low intake of vitamin C D. A and B E. B and C

answer

E

question

The more animal protein you eat, the higher your intake of ____. A. Vitamin B12 B. Vitamin A C. Folate D. Vitamin C

answer

A

question

The recycling system for amino acids in the body is used to: A. Primarily provide fuel for the cells to preserve glucose for emergencies B. Convert nonessential amnio acids into essential amino acids if needed by the body C. Provide the cells with materials to build body proteins D. Add protein to muscles when there is a shortage of energy from foods

answer

C

question

The roles of enzymes formed by body proteins are important when foods are eaten because: A. Each enzyme is responsible for numerous different chemical reactions B. An enzyme acts as a catalyst to speed up reaction without being altered itself C. Enzymes signal certain organs to respond to a change in conditions in the body D. Some enzymes can become chemical messengers in the nervous system

answer

B

question

A child suffering form protein deficiency has edema. This is an example of protein's role in: A. Supporting growth and maintenance B. Building enzymes and hormones C. Maintaining fluid and electrolyte balance D. Maintaining acid-base balance

answer

C

question

Certain proteins act as buffers in the blood. In this role they are responsible for: A. Providing immunity from foreign substances that invade the body B. Making sure that sodium is transported outside the cells C. Ensuring that too much fluid in the cells doesn't cause edema D. Picking up and releasing hydrogens in the blood to balance its pH.

answer

D

question

Proteins use the process of active transport to move substances in or out of the cell by: A. Opening passages in the membrane and escorting substance through the cell B. Attaching minerals to carry them throughout the bloodstream C. Decreasing the water content in cells to get rid of excess acid or base levels D. Sending antibodies to cells to carry excess proteins out to where they are needed

answer

A

question

In times of energy shortage form carbohydrates or fats in foods, the body uses protein in what way? A. It decreases the breakdown of food proteins fro energy and uses stored glycogen B. It stores amino acids in the cells to be used later for energy C. It removes nitrogen portion and burns the remaining fragments for energy D. It converts it to fat to provide more concentrated energy

answer

C

question

A young man has said to you that he is eating much more protein in his diet than the recommendation but he feels he needs the extra amount just in case he wants to build more muscle mass in the near future. How would you respond to him? A. It should be fine because the cells will store the extra amnio acids for future use B. If he has excess calories in his diet, he may gain fat weight from converted protein C. The extra protein will be used for fuel instead of the carbohydrate D. The body won't digest the extra protein and it will be eliminated in the feces

answer

B

question

Which of the following wold have the highest protein DRI per unit of body unit? A. A 28 year old pregnant woman B. A 6 year old child C. A 40 year old male D. A 34 year old woman

answer

B

question

A young man who is a sedentary college student needs how much protein if he weighs 175 pounds? A. 46 grams/day B. 64 grams/day C. 86 grams/day D. 140 grams/day

answer

B

question

A 135 pound woman needs how much protein? A. 49 grams/day B. 56 grams/day C. 86 grams/day D. 110 grams/day

answer

A

question

Cells will do all of the following to create their own working proteins from available amino acids except: A. Synthesize nonessential amino acids that are missing for the protein that is being made B. Obtain amino acids that are available in the cell's amnio acid pool C. Slow down protein synthesis until enough of the limiting amnio acid is available again D. Hold partially completed proteins until the diet provides the missing amino acids

answer

D

question

An adolescent girl has decided to adhere to a vegetarian diet and has selected a tossed green salad, whole-wheat crackers, and apple juice for lunch. What would you advise her about her complementary protein sources? A. She has made good choices of complementary protein foods B. Adding garbanzo beans to her salad would provide the protein combination she needs C. She has to include milk or cheese with her meal or there will not be enough protein D. She should no be following a vegetarian diet because it is not nutritionally adequate

answer

B

question

Examples of complementary protein combinations include all of the following except: A. Pasta with tomato sauce B. Rice and black eyed peas C. Whole wheat cereal with almonds D. Peanut butter and jelly on whole wheat bread

answer

A

question

What change in body function will occur in a child with marasmus? A. Metabolism will speed up and burn calories more rapidly B. Muscles will not develop but bones will grow, resulting in a tall, think stature C. The digestive tract develops dysentery, which results in diarrhea and mineral loss D. The body will be able to repair itself if a very high fat diet is given as therapy

answer

C

question

Your friend is a vegetarian who consumes large quantities of soy products in the place of meat. From a nutrition perspective, your friend is at risk of developing _____ deficiency. A. Vitamin C B. Iron C. Folate D. Calcium

answer

B

question

Your mother is considering changing her diet to include only non-meat proteins to reduce her risk of developing heart disease or cancer. What evidence is available to support her decision? A. Vegetarian diets contain greater amounts of heart-protective omega-3 fatty acids B. Plant-based diets are usually lower in saturated fat and higher in fiber, which reduces risk of heart disease C. Substituting soy for meat proteins has resulted in a large decrease in heart disease risk D. Colon cancer appears less frequently in people eating plant-based diets

answer

C

question

Which statement is true of a vegan diet? A. Very young children and the elderly may not consume enough plant sources of protein to build and maintain bone and muscle tissue B. A woman on a vegan diet will have excellent stores of nutrients needed for pregnancy C. Well fed began children are the same height and weight as meat eating children D. Vegan children's daily protein requirement is less than meat eating children's

answer

A

question

Poorly planned vegetarian diets typically lack all of the following except: A. Calcium B. Vitamin B12 C. Zinc D. Folate

answer

D

question

When planning a vegetarian diet, the following recommendation should be adhered to: A. Select foods made from textured vegetable protein as an excellent substitute for meat items B. Fruits and vegetables high in iron and calcium should be emphasized C. Select whole grain breads and cereals to obtain easily absorbed iron D. All soy milks are a good source of calcium and should be included

answer

B

question

The best way for a vegetarian to ensure adequate absorption of iron in the diet is to: A. Include leafy greens because the iron they contain is absorbed readily B. Avoid dried fruits because they interfere with iron absorption C. Include vitamin C rich foods because they enhance absorption of iron D. Consume 3 times the amount of iron recommended for meat eaters

answer

C

question

To ensure adequate intakes of vitamin B12, vitamin D, and calcium, vegans need to: A. Select fortified foods B. Use complete meal supplements C. Use supplements daily D. A and B E. A and C

answer

E

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