question

Development of coronary heart disease is related to:

answer

fibrous plaques in coronary vessels

question

In the process of atherosclerosis:

answer

plaque is deposited on the interior surface of the blood vessels

question

The layer of the artery in which athlerosclerotic plaque forms is the:

answer

intima

question

Plaque usually consists mainly of:

answer

cholesterol

question

Several types of blood lipoproteins are synthesized in the:

answer

liver

question

The function of lipoproteins in the body metabolism is to transport:

answer

lipids to and from the cells

question

The class of lipoproteins that has the highest lipid content is:

answer

chylomicrons

question

The classes of lipoproteins that carry the most triglyceride by weight are:

answer

chylomicrons and VLDL

question

The class of lipoproteins that is the most responsible for the atherosclerosis and is considered "bad cholesterol" is:

answer

LDL

question

The type of lipoprotein that is considered to be protective against cardiovascular disease is:

answer

HDL

question

The protein component that attaches itself to lipoproteins and has a significant effect on function is:

answer

apolipoprotein

question

In nutritional management of high serum cholesterol levels, TLC stands for:

answer

therapeutic lifestyle changes

question

In patients with elevated serum LDL cholesterol levels, monounsaturated fat intake should be:

answer

up to 20% of energy intake

question

Foods high in monounsaturated fats include:

answer

nuts

question

According to TLC recommendations, a type of fatty acid that should be avoided as much as possible is:

answer

TRANS fatty acids

question

Fats high in polyunsaturated fats include:

answer

liquid vegetable oils

question

A desirable blood cholesterol level is:

answer

less than 200 mg/dL

question

The major principle that guides nutrition planning for clients who have coronary heart disease is:

answer

reduction of saturated fat intake

question

Good sources of soluble dietary fiber include:

answer

oatmeal

question

Soluble fibers are believed to be beneficial for preventing heart disease because they:

answer

lower LDL cholesterol levels

question

Therapeutic dietary options for enhancing lowering of LDL cholesterol include:

answer

plant sterols

question

Drug therapy should be considered for patients with hypercholesterolemia when:

answer

therapeutic lifestyle modifications have been unsuccessful after 3 months

question

When blood supply to a tissue or body part is reduced, the result is referred to as:

answer

ischemia

question

A localized area of dead tissue is called a(n):

answer

infarct

question

If a patient who has just had a myocardial infarction has hypertension, his or her recommended diet would be:

answer

low in sodium

question

Congestive heart failure can lead to an imbalance in:

answer

fluids and electrolytes

question

The stimulus for the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone mechanism is:

answer

decreased renal blood pressure

question

Congestive heart failure affects the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone mechanism so that:

answer

fluids are retained by the body

question

Nutrition therapy for clients who have congestive heart failure focuses on restriction of dietary intake of:

answer

sodium

question

The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone mechanism tends to promote the retention of sodium and the excretion of:

answer

potassium

question

The cause of essential hypertension is:

answer

unknown

question

An important feature of the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) eating plan is:

answer

eating a diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and low-fat diary products

question

The upper limit of normal blood pressure in adults is considered to be:

answer

120/80 mm Hg

question

The three types of body systems that maintain normal blood pressure are:

answer

neuroendocrine, hormonal, and enzyme systems

question

In the United States, the incidence of stroke is the highest among:

answer

African Americans

question

The diagnosis of prehypertension, stage 1 hypertension, or stage 2 hypertension is based on:

answer

systolic and/or diastolic blood pressure

question

Medical nutrition therapy for treatment of hypertension includes:

answer

increased intakes of potassium and calcium

question

The main source of dietary sodium is:

answer

processed foods

question

Most strokes are caused by:

answer

blood clots

question

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is often accompanied by:

answer

malnutrition

question

The factor that guides nutrition therapy for clients with COPD is the:

answer

RQ of each of the fuel nutrients

question

Patients who have experienced stroke may need to eat softened foods and thickened liquids if they have:

answer

dysphagia

question

Clients with COPD should have intakes that are higher than is normally recommended for:

answer

fat

question

The most important factor that contributes to development of peripheral vascular disease is:

answer

cigarette smoking

question

The amount of fluid recommended for clients with pneumonia (who do not need fluid restrictions) is:

answer

3.0 to 3.5 L/day

question

The objective of nutritional management for clients with tuberculosis is to:

answer

maintain weight or prevent weight loss

question

Elevated blood levels of C-reactive protein indicate:

answer

inflammation

question

An example of a meal high in soluble fiber is:

answer

split pea soup

question

Omega-3 fatty acids help decrease risk of heart disease by:

answer

decreasing platelet aggregation

question

The food that would be lowest in sodium is:

answer

frozen green beans

Nutrition Chapter 21 Test – Flashcards

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