question

Thirty minutes of brisk walking on at least 5 days a week can improve the odds against heart disease.

answer

True

question

Dietary supplements can trigger extra immune power to fend off dangerous infections.

answer

False

question

Metabolic syndrome with its cluster of factors raises the risk of CVD.

answer

True

question

Obesity is a risk for certain cancers such as colon, breast, endometrial, pancreas, and kidney cancer.

answer

True

question

CVD is a man's disease.

answer

False

question

Chronic diseases are the only type of diseases that afflict people in developed countries.

answer

False

question

Degenerative diseases are often referred to as chronic diseases.

answer

True

question

Constituents in foods may be cancer causing, cancer promoting, or protective against cancer.

answer

True

question

A deficiency or toxicity of even a single nutrient can weaken the body's defenses considerably.

answer

True

question

Health care providers are now able to tailor a person's treatment to prevent or minimize disease based on their identified genetic profile.

answer

True

question

Excess calories from carbohydrates, protein, and fat all raise cancer rates.

answer

True

question

Arguments against genetic testing include all of the following except:

answer

there is no evidence that information about genetic coding can be used to make lifestyle changes

question

All of the following are actions on the cell in formation of cancer except:

answer

all carcinogens damage or change the cell's genetic material to cause cancer. or

question

To help prevent hypertension Americans should limit their sodium intake to _____ mg per day.

answer

2300

question

Resting blood pressure should ideally be _____ or lower.100

answer

120 over 80

question

Salt-sensitive individuals are likely to include:

answer

a and c African americans; those who have diabetes

question

What is the role of plaque formation in the arteries during heart disease development?

answer

it can narrow passages in arteries and reduce blood flow to the heart

question

Jeff is a 54-year-old male who is 5' 6" tall, weighs 165 pounds, and has hypertension. The single most effective dietary measure Jeff can take is to:

answer

reduce his weight

question

Which of the following is associated with a reduced risk of CVD?

answer

or high total cholesterol

question

The best action to take to decrease your risk of cancer is to:

answer

eat a wide variety of vegetables and fruits in generous quantities every day.

question

A 58-year-old woman with hypertension and elevated LDL blood levels is complaining that she suddenly is feeling very tired, has shortness of breath and nausea, and has neck and shoulder pain. What would you advise her to do?

answer

go with you to the emergency room because she may be having a heart attack

question

At what weight can a 165-lb. woman with hypertension who plans to lose weight first expect to see a significantly lower blood pressure value?

answer

155 pounds

question

A man is at risk of developing colon cancer because his grandfather and father died of it. Adding which of the following foods to his diet might reduce his risk?

answer

steamed broccoli

question

To minimize risks of CVD you would:

answer

choose more fruits and whole grains. or consume 1 or 2 servings of fatty fish each week or a and c

question

Alcohol alone is associated with cancers of the:

answer

a and c mouth; breast

question

Your friend's parents both have heart disease. She is considering having genetic testing done so she can see what changes she might be able to make to reduce her risk of developing it as well. What would you tell her?

answer

being forewarned will help her to make lifestyle changes to reduce her risk

question

In dietary recommendations to decrease the risk of CVD, trans-fatty acids are classified with _____ fat.

answer

saturated

question

Which of the following nutrients plays a special role with respect to esophageal and colon cancer?

answer

a and c age ; genes

question

Which of the following nutrients plays a special role with respect to esophageal and colon cancer?

answer

folate

question

The metabolic syndrome greatly increases a person's risk of developing:

answer

CVD

question

Effects of protein-energy malnutrition on the body's defense system include

answer

a and b the skin becomes thinner with less connective tissue.; antibody secretions and immune cell number are reduced.

question

Your uncle is considering taking an herbal medicine to control his hypertension after seeing an add for a product on the Internet. What information would you give him?

answer

check to see if the herbs in the product have interactions with any drugs he is taking

question

Wherever dietary fat consists mostly of _____ fats and fish, fruits, and vegetables are eaten in abundance, blood cholesterol and the rate of death from heart disease are low.

answer

unsaturataed

question

A woman frequently has a dinner meal of grilled steak, baked potato with margarine, green peas, and a white dinner roll. Which food should be eaten less often to reduce her risk of breast cancer?

answer

grilled steak

question

The U.S. "Fruit and Veggies: More Matters" program encourages people to:

answer

b and c consume enough fruits & vegetables

question

A man with pre-hypertension is trying to keep his blood pressure from going higher. Which of the following dietary changes might help?

answer

remove the salt shaker from the table

question

A main difference between a person contracting an infectious disease or a chronic disease is:

answer

some infectious diseases can be cured with medications but chronic diseases cannot.

question

A college student who is on a high-protein diet for weight loss that restricts fruits and vegetables has just gotten a viral infection in her intestines that has made her ill. What might have made her more susceptible than her roommate who is eating regular meals in the cafeteria?

answer

vitamin C deficiency from no fruits and vegetables has affected white blood cell protection

question

Which of the following appears to help prevent and treat hypertension in certain populations?

answer

or magnesium or potassium r a and b

question

An atherogenic diet is characterized as one that is:

answer

a and b high in saturated fats & trans fats

question

When trying to reduce the risk of heart disease, the most important risk factor to modify first is:

answer

high LDL cholesterol because of its role in plaque formation.

question

All of the following are risk factors for CVD except:

answer

diastolic blood pressure of 80.

question

To lower LDL cholesterol levels you would tell someone to:

answer

a and c lose weight; increase physical activity

question

Which of the following individuals is at highest risk for developing hypertension?

answer

Jack, a 40-year-old African American male whose parents had hypertension

question

A 45-year-old man who is overweight and has several family members with heart disease is concerned about developing it. Which risk factor does he have the ability to improve or change?

answer

weight

question

You are interested in controlling your risk of developing CVD. Which of the following would you do?

answer

a and b consume high levels of complex carbohydrates and fiber; substitute fish for red meat twice a week

question

In general, studies of populations have suggested that low cancer rates correlate with:

answer

a and b high vegetable & whole grain intakes

question

Examples of cruciferous vegetables include:

answer

a and b rutabaga; bok choy

question

Dietary guidelines for cancer prevention include:

answer

a and c controlling energy intake.; increasing intake of fruits and vegetables.

question

Which is the best meal to help reduce LDL cholesterol levels in the blood?

answer

grilled salmon, wild rice, steamed broccoli, whole-wheat roll

question

According to recommendations for reducing CVD risk, the percentage of calories from saturated fat in the diet should be no more than _____ percent.

answer

7

question

Heart disease in women is characterized by:

answer

development at a later age than in men.

question

In men, aging becomes a significant risk factor for heart disease at age:

answer

45

question

To help control blood cholesterol you would:

answer

a and b consume oats, barley, and legumes.; limit foods with trans fatty acids.

question

Which of the following would be considered a risk factor for CVD?

answer

LDL 160 mg/dL or higher

question

Which of the following is an example of the effect of certain nutrients or foods on gene expression and disease development?

answer

a and b a phytochemical found in broccoli and broccoli sprouts has been shown to reverse uncontrolled cancer cell division in laboratory studies; supplementation of folate and vitamin B12 during pregnancy has been shown to turn off the "yellow and fat" gene in pups born to laboratory mice

question

All of the following dietary factors are protective against CVD except:

answer

a low-carbohydrate diet

question

To reduce your risks of developing cancer you would:

answer

b and c have a high fruit and vegetable intake.; consume whole grains and other fiber-rich foods.

question

The epigenome on the DNA strand has the responsibility of:

answer

regulating the expression of genes by turning them on or off.

question

Jack's physician has placed him on a diet recommended to control his blood cholesterol. In order to follow this plan Jack would:

answer

a and b consume ≤ 200 mg cholesterol per day.;consume less than 7% of calories as saturated fat

question

Which of the following may offer a protective effect against colon cancer?

answer

calcium

question

Which of the following holds the key to maintaining the best possible immune system support?

answer

adequate nutrition

question

For CVD prevention, trans fat in the diet should account for less than _____ percent of calories.

answer

1

question

Laboratory studies suggest that diets high in _____ seem to promote cancer.

answer

calories

question

You have a friend with AIDS and are trying to support his nutrition status. Which of the following would you do?

answer

cook foods thoroughly and practice cleanliness

question

Which of the following is not one of the risk factors for CVD?

answer

high blood HDL

question

The technique that allows identification of inherited disease tendencies by comparing patterns of gene expression is known as:

answer

DNA microarray technology

question

Which of the following is a major action involving blood pressure levels in the arteries?

answer

when the pressure is at the right level, cells receive nutrients and oxygen and release their wastes

question

Individuals with hypertension being treated with diuretics should consume foods rich in:

answer

potassium

question

Which of the following would be the best way to add more fruits and vegetables to your diet?

answer

keep a bag of baby carrots in the refrigerator for snacking

question

Which of the following would be a good suggestion for making small changes in the type of fat in your diet for better health?

answer

instead of a snack of potato chips and sour cream dip eat baked tortilla chips and salsa

question

Which of the following raises HDL concentration?

answer

a and c weight loss physical activity

question

The role of inflammation in development of atherosclerosis includes:

answer

white blood cells being sent to the site by the immune system to try to repair the damage.

question

Which of the following must be given careful attention when feeding the person with AIDS?

answer

food safety

question

Major actions in the arteries that lead to heart attack and stroke include:

answer

a and b formation of plaques leading to inflammation from a diet high in saturated fat.; response to arterial damage by formation of blood clots that can break loose.

Nutrition Ch11 – Flashcards

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