question

A statement such as "evidence of iron-deficiency anemia" is part of the

answer

nutrition diagnostic statement

question

The anthropometric measure that gives an estimate of subcutaneous fat measures

answer

skinfold thickness

question

Routine "house diets" in hospitals include

answer

clear liquid, full liquid, soft, and regular

question

A biochemical test used to detect iron deficiencies is

answer

total iron-binding capacity

question

True or false? Involvement of the patients family in the diet therapy and teaching usually creates problems and it is best avoided.

answer

false

question

Total parenteral nutrition formulas provide protein in the form of

answer

amino acids

question

Methods used for nutrition assessment of patients include

answer

laboratory tests

question

Blood losses may result in a deficiency of

answer

iron

question

After surgery, oral feedings can begin as soon as

answer

bowel sounds return

question

Mrs. A is on a long-term enteral intermittent feeding. She has tolerated gastric feedings for 6 months but is now having residuals (content remaining in her stomach not digested or progressing through the GI tract properly) present at the beginning of each feeding. She was receiving 4 feedings per day of formula containing 1.5 kcal/ml to equal 1500 kcal/day. Her team (doctor, nurse, and dietitian) decided to leave her on the same formula and same total kcals per day but to increase her feedings to 7 per day in order to see if she tolerates the smaller feedings better. How many mls of formula will she now receive per feeding?

answer

143 ml per feeding

question

True or false? Nutrition care is based on the needs of the individual patients.

answer

true

question

A medical test used to determine skeletal system integrity and density is

answer

dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry scan

question

An example of a diet with modified texture is a _____ diet.

answer

full liquid

question

The basic means of communication among health care team members is

answer

the patient's medical record

question

The nurse must have a good understanding of nutrition principles because he or she

answer

interprets and supports the nutrition care plan

question

Enteral feeding is administered through

answer

the gastrointestinal tract

question

True or false? Nothing is given by mouth for at least 8 hours before surgery to avoid aspiration during anesthesia.

answer

true

question

One of the most common nutrient deficiencies among surgical patients is

answer

protein

question

True or false? Regardless of the type oral liquid feedings usual provide little nourishment.

answer

false

question

You have a patient that is mildly hypermetabolic. His energy needs are 42 kcal/kg IBW (ideal body weight). Normal adult energy needs are around 30-35kcal/kg. His height is 5'8" and he is 44 years old. You are asked to calculate and prepare a tube feeding for him based on this information. The dietitian and doctor have agreed that the patient should receive a continuous feed until his state of hypermetabolism is more stable. He will be on a formula that provides 2 kcals/ml. How many mls of tube feeding formula should he receive per hour to meet his energy needs? Round to the nearest whole number.

answer

61.0 {His IBW is 154lbs: (106 + (6 kcal x 8in))=154 lbs. To convert his IBW from lbs to kg: 154lbs/2.2 = 70 kg He needs 42kcal/kg IBW: 42kcal x 70 kg = 2,940 kcal/day He will receive a formula that provides 2kcal/ml (information given). Thus, 2,940kcal/2kcal per ml = 1,470 ml of formula per day to meet his energy needs. A continuous feed will provide formula 24 hours a day on a slow drip. Thus, 1,470 ml per day/24 hrs = 61.25 ml per hour to meet his energy needs. Rounded to the nearest whole number = 61 ml/hr.}

question

A food that would be "excluded" from a full-liquid diet is

answer

cottage cheese

question

Serum albumin values are an indication of the adequacy of dietary intake of

answer

protein

question

Advanced care planning includes

answer

determining the future treatment of a patient

question

If the gastrointestinal tract cannot be used to provide nutrition, then

answer

peripheral or central parenteral nutrition can be used to supply nutrients

question

True or false? A careful diet record of the total food and liquid intake is important for a burn patient to ensure that increased nutrients and energy demands are met.

answer

true

question

For a patient who can take an oral diet, an example of a primary source of energy during the postoperative period should be

answer

cereals and other grains

question

True or false? After a gastrectomy a patient can return to regular eating habits in a few days.

answer

true

question

An example of a diet with modified macronutrient content is a

answer

high-protein diet

question

A test to measure protein metabolism is

answer

24-hour urinary creatinine

question

The type of parenteral feeding that requires surgical placement access that can be left in place for a longer period is _____ feeding.

answer

central vein

question

True or false? Negative nitrogen balance is a rare finding after surgery.

answer

false

question

True or false? All food sources of wheat must be eliminated in the gluten-free diet for treatment of CD.

answer

true

question

True or false? The nutrition objective in CF is to meet growth needs and help compensate for nutrient losses along with enzyme replacement therapy.

answer

true

question

The symptoms of anemia on malabsorption diseases are caused by poor absorption of which of the following nutrients?

answer

iron and folic acid

question

Signs of dysphagia in nursing home residents include

answer

recurring pneumonia

question

Bile is produced by the

answer

liver

question

A _____________ is best described as an eroded mucosal area in the central portion of the gastrointestinal tract.

answer

peptic ulcer

question

Ascites, a localized edema of the peritoneal cavity, is caused by

answer

low plasma protein levels

question

Dryness of the mouth from lack of normal secretions is called

answer

xerostomia

question

The primary objective of treatment for hepatic encephalopathy is to

answer

remove sources of excess ammonia

question

Dietary care of a patient with gastroesophageal reflux disease includes

answer

decreasing fat to approximately 45 g/day or less

question

In a gluten free diet for CD, which of the following food is eliminated?

answer

whole-wheat crackers

question

A characteristic of cystic fibrosis is

answer

pancreatic insufficiency

question

Treatment for diverticulosis includes a diet that is

answer

high in fiber

question

Dietary changes that help reduce the incidence of constipation include

answer

increased fluid intake

question

The presence of gallstones in the gallbladder is called

answer

cholelithiasis

question

Pathologic changes in the liver caused by steatohepatitis include

answer

fatty infiltration

question

A beverage that should be omitted from the diet of a patient with peptic ulcer disease is

answer

coffee

question

A food that individuals with lactose intolerance might need to limit is

answer

milkshakes

question

The characteristic symptoms of celiac disease are

answer

diarrhea and steatorrhea

question

Crohn's disease is also referred to as

answer

inflammatory bowel disease

question

The term used to describe difficulty in swallowing is

answer

dysphagia

question

Nutrition therapy for gallbladder disorders includes

answer

lowering fat intake

question

A major difficulty in treating hepatitis is that

answer

the person usually has a poor appetite

question

True or false? Peptic ulcers pain is eliminated by consuming decaffeinated coffee and colas instead of the fully caffeinated forms of these beverages.

answer

false

question

The most common food allergens include

answer

nuts, shellfish, and milk {big eight: milk, eggs, peanuts, tree nuts, soy, wheat, fish, and shellfish}

question

The major nutrition problem related to development of ascites is

answer

protein deficiency

question

True or false? Remaining upright after eating helps prevent discomfort in a person with esophageal reflux.

answer

true

question

___________ disease results in an intolerance to the protein gluten.

answer

celiac

question

Patients with cystic fibrosis need to take

answer

enzymes and supplements

question

Crohn's disease is a(n)

answer

inflammatory bowel disease

question

The most important function of the gallbladder is to

answer

concentrate and store bile

question

Nutritional therapy for the patient with cirrhosis includes a diet that is

answer

low in sodium, soft textured, and high in carbohydrates

question

True or false? A low fiber diet (no more than 12 g/day) is encouraged in the treatment of diverticulosis.

answer

false

question

A bacteria associated with peptic ulcer disease is

answer

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori)

question

Treatment of hepatic encephalopathy includes:

answer

decreasing protein to reduce ammonia levels in blood

question

True or false? Cholesterol is dietary essential because people depend entirely of food sources for their supply.

answer

false

question

If a person is taking a calcium-channel blocking medication, which of the following foods should be avoided?

answer

grapefruit juice

question

The basic objective of diet therapy in congestive heart failure is to

answer

control fluid imbalance

question

Which of the following foods may be used freely on a low sodium diet?

answer

fruit

question

Hypertension is common in some ethnic groups, including

answer

African Americans

question

An optimal level for a serum triglyceride is

answer

less than 130 mg/dl

question

One of the things metabolic syndrome is characterized by includes

answer

triglyceride level of 150 mg/dl or greater

question

Examples of foods high in soluble dietary fiber are

answer

oatmeal and kidney beans

question

Women's risk of coronary heart disease increases with

answer

menopause

question

A localized area of dying or dead tissue is called a(n)

answer

infarct

question

A low cholesterol diet restricts which of the following foods?

answer

butter

question

Medical nutrition therapy for congestive heart failure may include

answer

sodium restriction

question

Helpful seasonings to use in a sodium restricted diet includes which of the following?

answer

herbs and spices

question

Nutrition therapy for hypertension includes

answer

reduced sodium intake and control, increased calcium and magnesium intake, and adequate potassium intake

question

The best way to protect against coronary disease is to

answer

develop a heart-healthy lifestyle during childhood

question

Dietary modifications during the first 24 to 48 hours after myocardial infarction include

answer

low energy intake

question

An example of a food that is a good source of calcium is

answer

skim milk

question

Congestive heart failure results in

answer

difficulty breathing

question

The type of fat that should be in the diet in the greatest proportion is

answer

monounsaturated

question

The underlying pathologic process in coronary heart disease appears to be

answer

fibrous plaques in coronary vessels

question

The three common long-term complications of diabetes affect the cells of the

answer

kidney, eye, and nerve tissue

question

Food distribution for the patient with diabetes is characterized by

answer

providing even amounts of food at regular intervals

question

True or false? Persons with unstable type 1 diabetes should follow a low-carbohydrate diet for better control.

answer

false

question

Insulin is produced by the

answer

beta cells of the pancreas

question

The hormone considered to act in an opposite manner to insulin is

answer

glucagon

question

Other symptoms that may be present in patients with diabetes include

answer

skin infections and weakness

question

The largest portion of islet cells are the β cells that synthesize

answer

insulin

question

Ketones are a by-product of the metabolism of

answer

fats

question

A risk factor for developing type 2 diabetes is

answer

history of gestational diabetes

question

If the diet prescription for type 1 diabetes allows 2200 kcal, and if the common distribution of kilocalories is followed, then the number of grams of carbohydrates in the diet plan should be _____ g.

answer

275

question

True or false? Chronic complications occur in a relatively small number of persons with diabetes.

answer

false

question

True or false? The two nutrients whose metabolism is most directly affected in diabetes are fat and protein.

answer

false

question

The hormone that is synthesized by the pancreatic islet δ cells is

answer

somatostatin

question

A form of metabolic alteration that occurs in diabetes from burning body fat for energy is

answer

metabolic acidosis

question

The normal range for blood glucose is _____ mg/dL.

answer

70-110

question

The nonnutritive sweetener that is composed of two amino acids is

answer

aspartame

question

Type 2 diabetes usually appears after the age of _____ years.

answer

40

question

A high intake of saturated fats is associated with

answer

coronary artery disease

question

True or false? Coronary artery disease occurs in persons with diabetes at a higher rate than that of the general population.

answer

false

question

True or false? Persons with type 1 diabetes usually are taught to test their own blood glucose daily and regulate their insulin, food, and exercise accordingly.

answer

true

question

The primary, preferred source of energy for the body is

answer

glucose

question

Which of the following statements best completes this statement: Studies indicate that exercise

answer

increases the efficiency of insulin receptors and update on muscle cells

question

The primary organ involved in the disease process of type 1 diabetes mellitus is the

answer

pancreas

question

Commonly used nonnutritive sweeteners include

answer

aspartame

question

Increasing the fiber content of the diabetic diet tends to

answer

lower the blood glucose level

question

Uncontrolled diabetes is related to the abnormal metabolism of

answer

carbohydrates and fats

question

The form of insulin designed to last between 5 and 8 hours is the

answer

short-acting form

question

The pancreatic hormone known as the "referee" for pancreatic hormonal control of blood glucose is

answer

somatostatin

question

True or false? Acetone in the urine of a person with diabetes usually indicates that the diabetes is in poor control.

answer

true

question

Symptoms of patients with uncontroleld Type 2 Diabetes include

answer

skin infections

question

A progressive increase in serum urea nitrogen and creatinine levels occurs in

answer

chronic kidney failure

question

The bone disease osteodystrophy develops because of the kidney's inability to

answer

activate vitamin D

question

For patients receiving hemodialysis, carbohydrate is provided at approximately

answer

35 kcal/kg

question

True or false? Operation of the nephrons relates little to the rest of the body.

answer

false

question

Classic symptoms of glomerulonephritis include

answer

proteinuria

question

Complications of chronic kidney disease do not include

answer

diabetes mellitus

question

True or false? Prolonged immobilization may lead to withdrawal of bone calcium and the formation of kidney stones.

answer

true

question

The sudden shutdown of kidney function as the result of traumatic injury is called

answer

acute kidney failure

question

For patients treated with dialysis, protein intake should consist mainly of

answer

meat, fish, poultry, and eggs

question

Patients with chronic renal disease may need to restrict their intake of foods high in phosphorus, such as

answer

milk, nuts, and legumes

question

The presence of protein in the urine is called

answer

proteinuria

question

Mr. Brady has chronic kidney disease. He has his blood work drawn. An unsurprising finding is

answer

low hemoglobin

question

During hemodialysis, protein intake is usually

answer

provided at 1.2 g/kg and monitored

question

True or false? The basic functional unit of the kidney is the nephron.

answer

true

question

The massive edema of nephrotic syndrome is caused by

answer

large protein losses in the urine

question

True or false? The multiple symptoms of advanced CKD result from metabolic imbalances in the body's inability to handle protein, electrolytes, and water.

answer

true

question

One of the first recommendations for any type of kidney stone is to

answer

increase fluid intake

question

Disease conditions that can interfere with normal nephron function include

answer

inflammation and infection

question

Carbohydrates and fats are important in the diets of patients with kidney disease because they

answer

spare protein for tissue synthesis

question

A potent hormone of the outside layer of the adrenal glands that acts on the distal nephron tubule to reabsorb sodium is

answer

aldosterone

question

The microscopic functional units of the kidney are called

answer

nephrons

question

Medical nutrition therapy for nephrotic syndrome includes

answer

moderate protein intake

question

Symptoms of chronic kidney failure include

answer

nitrogen retention

question

The type of diet recommended for a person with a calcium stone depends on

answer

the composition of the stone

question

True or false? Nephrotic syndrome is best treated by a very low protein diet.

answer

false

question

The classic symptoms of chronic kidney failure result from

answer

progressive loss of nephrons

question

The most common type of kidney stone is composed of

answer

calcium

question

A major clinical symptom of acute kidney failure is

answer

oliguria

question

The structure responsible for filtering the blood is the

answer

glomerulus

question

Glomerulonephritis or nephritic syndrome is one of the causes of

answer

stage 5 CKD or ESRD

question

For patients with uric acid stones, health practitioners may recommend a diet low in

answer

purines

question

The method of dialysis used with a portable system is

answer

peritoneal dialysis

question

Elevated blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine, and serum uric acid levels are reflected in the laboratory finding of

answer

azotemia

question

The hormone that causes the kidneys to reabsorb water and decrease urine production is

answer

antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

question

The "cleaning solution" used in hemodialysis is called the

answer

dialysate

question

True or false? The tasks of the various parts of the nephron tubules are reabsorption, secretion and excretion.

answer

true

question

True or false? Dietary modifications in acute glomerulo-nephritis usually involve crucial restrictions of protein and sodium.

answer

false

question

True or false? The primary symptom in nephrotic syndrome is massive albuminuria.

answer

true

question

The patient treated by peritoneal dialysis can increase _____ intake.

answer

protein

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