Nursing lessons 1-15 – Flashcards
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Adult Day Care
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care is given at a facility during daytime hours; generally for individuals who need some assistance and/or supervision but are not seriously ill or disabled; usually, reside outside of the facility.
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Assisted Living
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facilities where residents live who need limited assistance but do not require skilled care.
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Call Light
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means to communicate to staff a need for assistance. The call light should be available to the redsident at all times.
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Certified Nursing Assistant(CNA)
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an individual who has approved course and has successfully completed certification testing. A CNA provides direct care.
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Chain of Command
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the line of authority in the facility which addresses to whom each employee/department reports.
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Chronic
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the disease or condition is long term or will be long lasting.
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Cliches
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phrases that are used frequently and which often have a different meaning, making it difficult for the resident to understand.
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Communication
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the process of exchanging information with others.
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Cultural Differences
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beliefs, values, habits, diet and health practices that relate to a person's culture or religion.
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Cultural Diversity
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the variety of people living and working together in the facility.
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Culture
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a system of behaviors people learns from the people by which they are surrounded.
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Cultural Change
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a philosophy that focuses on providing "person-centered" care to residents and creating a positive work environment for healthcare workers.
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Dential
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Rejection of a thought or feeling.
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Dependent
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requires staff assistance to carry out activities of daily living.
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Dietitian
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plans menus, special diets and monitors nutritional needs of the resident.
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Displacement
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transferring a strong negative feeling to something or someone else.
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Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act(HIPAA)
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the law that requires health information to be kept secure (protected) in private.
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Home Health Care
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care provided in a person's home.
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Hospice Care
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care for individuals who have an estimated six months or less to live; hospice provides physical and emotional care and comfort.
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Housekeeping Department
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responsible for maintaining the facility in a clean and sanitary manner.
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Independent
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able to carry out activities of daily living without staff assistance.
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Interdisciplinary Team
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Professionals from each discipline within the nursing facility who meet to discuss and plan the care of the resident.
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Laundry Department
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oversees laundering of facility linens and residents' personal clothes.
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Licensed Practical Nurse(LPN)
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a licensed professional who has completed 1 to 2 years of education and has completed an exam for licensure.
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Long Term Care(LTC)
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care for persons who require 24 hour care and assistance.
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Maintenance Department
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Maintains facility and grounds in good repair.
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Medical Doctor(MD)
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physician
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Non-verbal communication
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communication without using words, such as facial expressions, smelled. A direct observation.
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Occupational Therapist(OT)
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a therapist who helps residents to learn to compensate for their disabilities and assist them with activities of daily living.
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Ombudsman
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a resident advocate who investigates complaints and assists to achieve agreement between parties, often defending the rights of residents.
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Optometrist
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provides eye care for the residents.
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Palliative Care
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care that focuses on the comfort and dignity of the person rather than on curing him or her.
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Person-Centered Care
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a philosophical approach to nursing home care that honors and respects the voice of elders and those working closest with them; it involves a continuing process of listening, trying new things, seeing how they work, and changing things in an effort to individualize care and de-institutionalize the nursing the nursing home environment.
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Physical Therapist(PT)
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provides therapy in form of heat, cold, massage, ultrasound, electricity and exercise to residents with muscle, bone and joint problems. A PT may help a person to safely use a walker, cane or wheelchair.
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Podiatrist
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a physician who examines and cares for the residents' feet.
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Policy
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a course of action determined by the facility that should be taken every time a certain situation occurs.
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Procedure
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the steps to be taken to carry out a task; a particular way of doing something.
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Professionalism
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how a person behaves when he/she is on the job. Examples of professional interactions with the resident include, but are not limited to: - Keeping a positive attitude doing the assigned tasks you are trained to perform. - Keeping information about the resident confidential - Being polite - not discussing your personal problems with a resident or with a co-worker in front a resident. - Not using profanity, even if a resident uses profanity. - Listening to the resident - Calling the resident by Mr., Mrs., Ms., or name he/she prefers. - Always explaining the care you will be providing before beginning to provide the care. - Presenting a positive image through personal hygiene, appearance, and state of mind
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Projection
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Seeing feelings in others that are really one's own.
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Qualified Medication Aide(QMA)
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a certified nursing assistance who has completed required state training and has completed the examination in an effort to administer medications and certain state training and has completes examination in an effort to administer medications and certain treatments in accordance with the specific scope of practice of the QMA.
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Rationalization
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making excuses to justify a situation.
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Registered Dietitian(RD)
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a professional who creates special diets for residents with specific needs and plans menus to ensure residents' nutritional needs are met.
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Regression
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going back to an old immature behavior.
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Repression
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blocking painful thoughts or feelings from the mind.
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Respiratory Therapist
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provides breathing treatment(s) and special equipment for respiratory conditions.
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Scope of Practice
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the task for which a nurse aide is trained, thus, allowed to do. Nurse Aide duties include but are not limited to: - Feeding residents - Helping residents with toileting and elimination needs. - Assisting residents to move safely around the facility. - Keeping residents' living areas neat and clean. - Encouraging residents to eat and drink. - Caring for supplies and equipment. - Helping to bathe and dress residents. - Making Beds - Helping residents with oral care and other hygiene needs.
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Skilled Care
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medically necessary care given by a nurse or therapist.
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Slang
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terms/words used that may be specific to a generation and not easily recognizable and/or easily misinterpreted by the resident.
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Social Worker(SW)
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an individual who helps with psycho-social needs and assist to arrange needed services.
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Speech Therapist(ST) our speech language pathologist(SLP)
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A therapist who helps residents with speech and swallowing problems.
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Standard 14
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the nurse aide will perform only the tasks in the course standards and resident care procedures manual, unless trained for f unless trained appropriately by licensed staff of the facility with policies and procedures and a system for ongoing monitoring to assure compliance with the tasks. This additional training would only apply for tasks, which are not prohibited by paragraphs 2 and 3 of this section and by current rule, which prohibits the giving of infections. The nurse aide will not preform any invasive procedures, including enemas and rectal temperatures, checking for and/or removing fecal impactions, instillation of any fluids, through any tubing, administering vaginal or rectal instillations. The nurse aide will not administer any medications, preform treatment or apply or remove any dressings. Exception to the above would be the application of creams/ ointments to intact skin as moisture barriers cream.
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Subjective information
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Information that could not be or was not observed. The information is based on what a person thinks or something that was reported by another person that may or may not be true.
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Terminal illness
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A disease or condition that will eventually cause death.
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Verbal communication
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Written or spoken messages
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Introduction to long term care
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Long Term Care - Acute, Chronic and terminal illness Skilled care Adult Day Care Assisted living Home Health Care Hospice Care Palliative Care
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Requirments
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limited criminal history preformed mantoux testing or heath screen and physical examination completion of an approved training program
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professionalism
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accountability confidentiality health insurance portability and accountability act(HIPAA)
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Chain of command
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Director of nursing licensed nurse (charge nurse/supervisor) Certified Nursing Assistant/ Qualified Medication aide
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Effective communication
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formulate the message receive the message(listen) observe for feedback
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Barriers to communication
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Cliches Slang Impairments
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Abuse
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the willful infliction of injury, unreasonable confinement, intimidation, or punishment with resulting physical harm, pain or mental anguish; abuse can be verbal (something said-oral, written or gestured), physical (something done to the resident-rough handling/treatment, hitting, slapping, pinching, etc.) emotional/mental (humiliation, harassment, threats of punishment or deprivation) or sexual (harassment, coercion or sexual assault). any sexual relationship with a resident is considered to be abuse.
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confidentiality
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maintaining information as private.
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consensual
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agreed to by the people involved; dome with the consent of the people involved.
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HIPAA
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health insurance portability and accountability act; federal law that protects the privacy of individually identifiable health information; sets national standards for the security of electronic protected health information; and protects identifiable information being used to analyze patient safety events and improve patient safety.
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informed consent
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a person, after having been informed of potential negative outcomes, makes informed decisions about their healthcare.
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involuntary seclusion
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separation of a resident from other resident or from his/her room or confinement to his/her own room against the resident's will, or the resident's legal representative.
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misappropriation
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intentional use or theft of property or funds of another person for one's own use.
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Neglect
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failure to provide help or care when needed.
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OBRA(Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act)
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a law passed by federal government establishing minimum standards for nursing home care and for nursing home care and for nursing assistant training.
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Privacy
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free of being observed or disturbed by other people.
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Resident Rights
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rights identified by OBRA relative to residents in long-term care facilities; informs the residents and the residents' rights within the facility.
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Restraints
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to physically restrict voluntary movement or use chemicals to revise/restrict resident behavior.
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Airborne Precautions
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microorganisms in human blood which can cause infection and disease in humans.
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Blood borne Pathogens
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microorganisms in human blood which can cause infection and disease in humans.
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Body Fluids
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saliva, sputum, urine, feces, semen, vaginal secretions, and pus or other wound drainages.
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Causative Agent
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a biological agent (pathogen) that causes a disease.
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Center for Disease Control and Prevention(CDC)
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the federal governmental agency that issues guidelines relative to the protection and manners to improve health.
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Chain of Infections
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an illustration to describe how a disease is transmitted from one person(or source) to another.
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Contact Precautions
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used when there is a risk of transmitting or contracting a microorganism from touching an infected object or person.
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Direct contact
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touching an infected person, or his/her secretions.
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Disinfection
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chemicals used to decrease the spread of pathogens by destroying them.
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Droplet Precautions
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used when the disease-causing microorganism does not stay airborne and only travels a short distance after being expelled.
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Hand Hygiene
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hand washing with soap and water or using alcohol-based hand rub.
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Healthcare Associated Infection(HAI)
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infection acquired in a hospital or other health care setting; also known as a nosocomial infection.
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Indirect Contact
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transmission of a disease physical contact(e.g., touching a common object).
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Infection Control
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methods used to control and prevent the spread of tiny living things that are always present in the environment, however, are not visible to the naked eye.
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Isolation
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the measure is taken to isolate the potentially harmful microorganism and prevent spread to other residents.
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Localized Infection
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an infection contained to a specific body part; thus, the infection is localized.
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Mode of Transmission
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how the pathogen travels from one person to another. Transmission can happen through the air, or through direct or indirect contact.
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Nonsocial infection
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infection acquired in the hospital or another healthcare setting; also known as HAI(healthcare-associated infection)
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Pathogen
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harmful microorganism; the causative agent.
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Personal Protective Equipment(PPE)
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the barrier between a person and a potentially harmful microorganism
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Portal of entry
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the way pathogens enter the body(e.g., mouth, nose, skin breaks, urinary tract, and anus.)
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Portal of exit
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the ways pathogens leave the body (e.g., urine, feces, saliva, tears, drainage from wounds, sores, blood, excretion from respiratory tract or genitals).
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Reservoir
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where pathogens live and multiply.
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Standard Precautions
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treating all blood, body fluids, non-intact skin and mucous membranes as if they are infected.
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Sterilization
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destroys all microorganisms, not just pathogens.
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Systemic Infection
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infection that occurs when pathogens enter one's bloodstream and move throughout the body causing general symptoms.
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Transmission Based Precautions
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special precautions implemented on the basis of how the disease spreads.
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Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome(AIDS)
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a disease of the human immune system caused by human immunodeficiency virus(HIV). The illness interferes with the immune system, making those with AIDS much more likely to get infections. Although considering a sexually transmitted disease, it is also spread through blood, infected needles, or to the fetus from its mother.
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Clostridium Difficile(C-Diff)
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bacteria which causes severe watery diarrhea and another intestinal disease when competing for bacteria have been wiped out by antibiotics; it is spread by spores that are difficult to kill and can be carried on the hands of caregivers who have direct contact with the resident or an environmental surface(i.e., floors, toilets, bedpans).
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Disposable
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a product designed for short-term use with most products only intended for single use.
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Disinfect
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to decrease the spread of pathogens and disease by destroying pathogens.
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Hepatitis
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inflammation of the liver caused by infection.
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Influenza
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an infectious disease caused by a virus. The most common symptoms include chills, fever, sore throat, muscle pains, severe headache, coughing, weakness/fatigue and general discomfort. Influenza is a more severe disease than the common cold.
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Jaundice
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a yellow/gold tint to the skin and eyes often seen in liver diseases such as hepatitis or liver cancer.
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Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus(MRSA)
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an antibiotic resistant infection often acquired hospitals and other facilities; spread by direct physical contact.
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Occupational Safety and Health Administration(OSHA)
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the federal governmental agency that protects workers from hazards on the job.
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Pediculosis
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an infestation of lice.
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Scabies
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a contagious skin infection that occurs among humans and other animals. Caused by a tiny and usually not directly visible parasite which burrows under the host's skin, causing intense allergic itching.
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Tuberculosis(TB)
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a bacterial infection that affects the lungs; causing coughing and difficulty breathing, fever and fatigue. It is an airborne disease, carried on droplets suspended in the air.
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Vancomycin Resistant Enterococcus(VRE)
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a strain of enterococcus that cannot be controlled with antibiotics; It is spread through direct and indirect contact.
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Cardiac Arrest
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heart function and circulation stop.
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Choking
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a complete blockage of the airway requiring immediate action.
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Disorientation
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confused relative to time and/or place.
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Environment
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circumstances or conditions that surround an individual.
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Fainting
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Sudden loss of consciousness because of inadequate blood supply to the brain.
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Fracture
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broken bone.
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Hemiplegia
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total paralysis of the arm, leg, and torso on one side of the body.
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Hemorrhage
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excessive loss of blood from a blood vessel.
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Paralysis
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loss or impairment of the ability to move a body part, usually as a result of damage to its nerve supply.
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Poisoning
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to cause injury, illness, or death by chemical means.
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Risk Factor
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a characteristic, condition, or behavior that increases the possibility of injury.
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Scald burn
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caused by hot liquids in contact with the skin
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Seizure(Convulsions)
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sudden contractions of muscles due to a disturbance in brain activity.
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Shock
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state of being when a vital part of the body(brain, heart, and lungs) do not get enough blood.
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Evacuation Plan
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the plan developed by the facility by which residents would be relocated to a safe area within the facility, outside of the facility, or to an alternate location.
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Entrapment
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a resident's body part becomes lodged between the bed frame and/of the mattress and the bed rail.
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Elopement
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a resident exiting the facility whose whereabouts are unknown to the staff.
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Fire Drill
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plan executed frequently to help workers learn what to do in the case of a fire.
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Flammable
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easily ignited; capable of burning quickly.
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Pacing
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walking back and forth in the same area of the facility.
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wandering
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walking aimlessly throughout the facility.
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Apical pulse
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located on the left side of the chest, under the breastbone; taken with a stethoscope.
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Brachial Pulse
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located at the bend of the elbow, used for taking blood pressure measurement.
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Carotid Pulse
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located on either side of the neck, supplies the head and neck with oxygenated blood.
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Diastolic Blood Pressure(bottom number)
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the phase when the heart relaxes; the pressure in the arteries between heartbeats.
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Expiration
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exhaling air out of the lungs.
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Hypertension
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high blood pressure
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Hypotension
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low blood pressure
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Inrpiration
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breathing air into the lungs.
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Orthostatic Hypotension
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a drop in blood pressure when a resident suddenly rises from lying to a sitting or standing position.
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Radial pulse
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the pulse site found on the inside of the wrist.
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Respiration
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the process of breathing air into lungs and exhaling air out of the lungs.
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Systolic Blood Pressure(top number)
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the phase when the heart is at work, contracting and pushing blood from the left ventricle; the pressure in the arteries when the heart beats.
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Alignment
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put in a straight line; shoulders directly above hips, head, and neck straight, arms and legs in a natural position.
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Ambulation
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walking
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Assistive Devices
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equipment used to help resident increase independence.
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Body mechanics
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using the body properly to coordinate balance and movement.
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Cane
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an assistive device used by the resident to sit, lie down or turn.
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Semi-fowler's Position
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head of bed elevated 30 to 45 degrees.
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Supine position
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lying flat on back.
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Transfer
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moving the resident from one surface to another.
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Transfer Belt(gait belt)
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a safety belt used to assist the resident who is weak or unsteady during transfers or walking.
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Walker
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assistive device used for support and steadiness.
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Mechanical Lift
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a hydraulic or electric device used to transfer dependent or obese residents between surfaces. The lift may also have a scale to weigh the resident.
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Stretcher
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gurney; a device for transporting residents unable to use a wheelchair or to walk; a means of transporting the severely ill or an immobile resident.
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Activities of daily living(ADL)
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personal care tasks a person does every day to care for self; including bathing, dressing, caring for teeth and hair, toileting, eating and drinking and moving around.
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Perineal Area
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the area of the body between the genitals and the anus.
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