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basic human needs

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something essential to the health and survival of humans; common to all people

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blended family

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two single parent families joined together to form a new family unit

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community

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A group of organisms inhabiting the same region and interacting with each other having common values interest,and needs.

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extended family

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Made up of the nuclear family plus grandparents, aunts, uncles, and cousins.

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family

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any group of two or more people who live together and are emotionally involved with each other

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love and belonging needs

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understanding and acceptance of others in giving and receiving love

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nuclear family

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family unit, family of marriage ,parenthood or procreation,and their immediate children

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physiologic needs

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need for oxygen, food, water, temperature, elimination, sexuality, activity, and rest; these needs have the highest priority and are essential for survival

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safety and security needs

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person's need to be protected from actual or potential harm and to have freedom from fear

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self actualization needs

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the pursuit of knowledge and beauty or whatever else is required for the realization of one's unique potential

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self esteem needs

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need to feel good about oneself and to believe others hold one in high regard

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MASLOW'S HIERARCHY OF NEEDS

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theory that lower motives, such as physiological and safety needs, must be met before advancing to higher needs, such as esteem and self-actualization.

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MASLOW'S HIERARCHY OF NEEDS

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(level 1) Physiological Needs, (level 2) Safety and Security, (level 3) Relationships, Love and Affection, (level 4) Self Esteem, (level 5) Self Actualization

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nursing care is often directed toward

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meeting unmet and threatened needs like Maslow's are the framework for nursing assessments and understanding the needs of patients at all levels,interventions to meet the priority needs become a part of the plan of care- many nursing interventions deal with the basic human needs.

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level 1 physiologic needs

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1. Most basic of all needs- must be met before other needs can start to be met 2. Most essential to life water,oxygen, food, sleep,temperature, Sex

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level 2 safety and security needs

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1. Physical and emotional components 2. Need safe environment- free from dangers (includes obstacles that could cause an elderly person to fall, poisons that children could get into)

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level 3 love and belonging needs

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1. All humans have basic need for love and belonging. 2. Higher level need both giving and receiving love with the feelings of belonging to a family , peers, friends , neighborhood and community

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level 4 Self-esteem needs

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1. Need to show respect for patient's values and beliefs - patient needs to feel good about himself 2. Role changes can affect self-esteem; Losing job, illness, change in body image

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level 5 Self-Actualization needs

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the top level; a person meets her or his personal needs for development: personal growth . Accomplishment of life's goals- like living a good life and being proud of what you have done

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Applying Maslow's Theory

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Nurses use in Maslow's basic needs in ADPIE - assessment,planning,implementation, and evaluation of patient care (nursing process) In both health and illness to determine which needs are unmet which are healthcare needs. Nurses locate patients on the health-illness continuum and incorporate the human dimensions and health models into meeting needs.

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Physical Dimension

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Physiologic needs breathing circulation fluid intake and elimination temperature movement

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Environmental Dimension

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Safety and Security needs housing community climate

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Sociocultural Dimension

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Love and belonging needs relationships communication feeling loved and loving others

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Emotional Dimension

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Self Esteem needs fear sadness Loneliness Happiness accepting self

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Intellectual and spiritual Dimensions

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Self Actualization needs thinking learning decision making beliefs values fulfillment helping others

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Family

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any group of people who live together and are emotionally bonded - role of the family is to help meet the basic human needs of its members while also meeting the needs of society.

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nuclear family

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aka traditional family, is two parents and their children. Parents maybe heterosexual or homosexual,married or in a committed relationship all living in the same house until the children leave as young adults.---adoptive, biological stepparents --

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extended family

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a family that includes, in addition to the parents and their children, other members such as grandparents, aunts, uncles, and cousins living close by.

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blended family

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either or both spouses have been married before and have one or more children from a previous marriage

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Single-Parent family

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occurs as the result of divorce, separation, death or having children outside of marriage

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Duvall's theory

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states that all families have certain basic task for survival and continuity the specific tasked are done in order to advance development throughout the life of the family-- If the family does not meet certain developmental task then society disapproval may lead to involvement by the DCYF or police health dept.

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eriksons theory

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-Eight stages- each of which brings psychosocial crisis involving transitions in important social relationships, believed that personaility is shaped by how individuals deal with these crises, each crisis involves a struggle between two opposing tendencies: (1)Trust Vs. Mistrust(infants have to depend completely on adults to care of basic needs, depending on if the adult meets these needs it is trust or mistrust) (2)Autonomy Vs. Shame and doubt(2nd and third yrs)-Child must take personal responsibility of taking care of itself, if all goes well acquires self sufficiency, if the parents are never satisfied with the childs efforts, the child may develop shame and self doubt (3)Initiative Vs. Guilt-(3-6yrs)-Children begin to take iniative that may conflict with some of parents rules,overcontrolling parents may begin to instill feelings of guilt (4)Industry Vs. Inferiority-(6-puberty)-should learn to value achievement and take pride in accomplishment, resulting in a sense of competence, or if things dont go well a sense of inferiority

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Family in health and illness

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people learn healthcare activity health and illness from their family.

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family centered nursing (4 rationales )

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1. each family member affects each other when one gets illness affects all. 2.Strong relationships between members and the health of other members So the role of the FAMILY is important at every level of nursing care. 3.Health promotion in the family can affect the entire family because they are so closely related 4. Illness in one family member can be the same problem for another .Through assessments and intervention nurse can help the whole family

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Nursing interventions for the family involved in a health crisis

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Therapeutic communication skills Applying knowledge of family dynamics referrals to community healthcare with financial resources to support realistic hope. Family members should be involved with the plan of care and implementation of care

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Nursing interventions to promote health

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Nurse helps patient and family reduce risk factors. To promote health eating patterns, exercise.Nurse assist in meeting the family basic human needs. Refer to other healthcare providers.

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Genetic test results -relevance to the nursing practice

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Genetic testing for a hereditary disease not only affects the person tested but the whole family.Nurses who provide genetic counseling must support the patient who is being tested and inform them of their responsibility to warn others in the family.

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Risk factors for Altered Family Health

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lifestyle, lack knowledge about sex and marriage role teenagers pregnancy,divorce STD. psychosocial,childcare when both parents work, not enough money environmental, air water food pollution, work stress developmental, older people on fixed income,new babies biologic birth defects, mental retardation genetics See box 4-1 on page 63 for more details

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Community factors affecting health

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Nursing in Community Social support (family and friend, neighbors); Economic Resources (insurance through job, medicare/caid) Environmental Resources (clean air, pollution, water) Community healthcare structure (how far, number of hospitals or providers, etc) Types of agency providing assistance for those in need of shelter,housing,food Basic human needs. zoning regulation separate residential from industry.

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Community based nursing

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Centered on individual and family healthcare needs. Provides interventions to manage acute or chronic health problems, promote health, and facilitate self care. Must be culturally competent and family centered.

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When a nurse is providing care on Maslow's hierarchy what nursing approached is this useful ?

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Establishing priorities of care.

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What is the most basic human need ?

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physiologic

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Patients must already posses these basic human needs physiologic,Safety and security,Love and belonging to achieve ?

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Self-actualization

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Of all the physiologic needs what is the most essential food,water,elimination,oxygen

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Oxygen its so sexy -- - In the mitochondrial electron transport chain electrons move from an electron donor (NADH or QH2) to a terminal electron acceptor (O2) via a series of redox reactions.

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Careful hand hygiene and sterile tech are always in which nurse meet what basic need

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Safety from infection Level 2 of human basic needs

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Self actualization is

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reaching one's full potential, and continues through life level 5 all other levels must be met first.

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What is the best broad definition of a family

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A group of people who live together -- with the acceptance of homosexual family , single parent, adoptive parents vs traditional. this would be the correct response.

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Where do people learn their health beliefs and values

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Family

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Sean and Michelle , each parents of one child, and divorced. When they marry they will be a

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Blended family -- unrelated children from previous train wrecks together to form a new family.

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What is a developmental task of a older adult family

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adjust to the loss of a spouse.

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A healthy community

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offers access to healthcare services to treat illness and to promote health in the local community.

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Effects of Stress

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physiologic and psychological stress effects all human dimensions and basic human needs, large factor in health and illness. Both long term stress and crisis stress.

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stress

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the process by which we perceive and respond to certain events, called stressors, that we appraise as threatening or challenging

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stressors

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Specific events or chronic pressures that place demands on a person or threaten the person's well-being

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stress and basic human needs

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as a person tries to meet basic human needs at each level, stress can either be a stimulus or a barrier -each person responds to stress differently depending on their sociocultural background . in all people failure to meet needs results in an imbalance in homeostatic mechanism,and eventually illness.

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Effects of stress on basic human needs

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level I - physiologic- appetite,activity,pulse rate increase,diarrhea level II safety /security -- nervous, ineffective coping skills drinks,drugs, level III love/belonging -- isolate,blames others,becomes aggressive, or over dependent on others level IV self esteem - becomes workaholic level V self actualization - refuses to accept reality,centers on own problems, demonstrates lack of control.

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defense mechanism

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Self-destructive ways if dealing with stress; automatic, subconscious reactions to emotional injury, such as denial, fantasy, projection, rationalization, regression, selective forgetting, or withdrawal.

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long term stress affects

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anxiety, depression, panic attack, heart starts rasing, forgetfulness, Abusing, nicotine prescription Abuse weakness, driving, heart problems

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family stress

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a state of tension that arises when demands tax a family's resources or a change on a family life such as stress, death, divorce etc.

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caregiver burden

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responses such as chronic fatigue, sleeping difficulties, and high blood pressure to long term stress in family members who undertake the care of a person in the home for a long period coping

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crisis

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disturbance caused by a precipitating event , such as perceived loss, threat of loss, or challenge that is perceived as a threat to self. Crisis may be Maturational -developmental role change teenager to adult. Situational -life event disrupts a person psychological well being loss of job. Adventitious - accidental unexpected fire, earthquakes

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Things that reduce stress

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exercise,, eating better, learning to say no, avoiding people who are stressful, being more assertive, doing something just for you each day.

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sources of stress

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Developmental Situational Both require adaptive responses . change, hassles, pressure, inconsistent goals and behaviors, conflict, overload, burnout, "isms" (bigotry)

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Factors affecting stress and adaptation

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1. Perception of the Stressful Event 2. Resilience 3. Hardiness

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Developmental stress

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Occurs as a person progresses through the normal stages of growth and development from birth to old age

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Situational stress

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Unpredictable, can occur at any time. Examples: illness or traumatic injury, marriage or divorce, loss, new job, role change.

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Types of Stressors

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Physiologic Psychosocial

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Physiologic Stressors

answer

1. Chemical agents 2. **Physical agents (heat, cold, trauma)** 3. Infectious agents 4. Nutritional imbalances 5. Hypoxia and immune disorders

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Psychosocial Stressors

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accidents/survivors, horrors of history, fear, changes in the world, life crises, conflicts in social relationships etc.

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Stress and Adaptation in Nursing

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Nursing involves activities and interpersonal relationships that are often stressful. assuming responsibilities and not being prepared. working with not qualified people Nursing supervisors not supportive Patient Codes - dies Other nurses jealous causing conflict Nurses that just graduated nursing school Student nurses failing class or clinicals Fail Nclex Fear injuring a Patient Money is all about the price tag lol

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This has Chapter 42 and

answer

chapter 42 page 1527-1532

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Friedman's theory of family centered nursing care

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The role of the family is essential in every level of nursing

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Friedman 's theory

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1st the family is composed of interdependent people who affect one another. 2 nd relationship between family and the health status of it's members role of family is important at every level of nursing care. 3rd the level of health of the family and in turn each member can be significantly improved through health promotion activities. 4 th illness of one family member may suggest the possibility of the same in other members through assessment and intervention the nurse can assist all members of the fam.

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Parents of adolescent children are mostly likely to focus on which developmental task

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Strengthening their marital relationship

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A family of two HOMO parents and three children living together in the same apartment are an example of what kind of family

answer

Nuclear - two parents a children does not matter if the parents are HOMO or HETERO

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When determining who constitutes a patients family what should be considered

answer

Emotional bonding

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