Nursing Fundamentals Chap 44 Activity & Exercise – Flashcards
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Ambulation
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the act of walking
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Anabolism
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Protein synthesis
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Anaerobic exercise
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Involves activity in which the muscles cannot draw out enough oxygen from the bloodstream; used for endurance training
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Ankylosed
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Permanently immobile
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Anorexia
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Loss of appetite
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Atrophy
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Decrease in size
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Basal Metabolic Rate
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The minimal energy expended for maintenance of physical and chemical processes of the body
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Base of support
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Foundation on which the body rests
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Bed rest
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May mean confinement to bed; may mean able to use the commode
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Calculi
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stones
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Catabolism
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Protein breakdown
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Center of Gravity
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Point at which all of the body's mass is centered
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Contracture
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Permanent shortening of the muscle
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Crepitation
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Palpable or audible crackling or grating sensation produced by joint motion
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Dorsal Position
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Head and shoulders are flat, lying on back
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Dorsal Recumbent
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Back lying position, head and shoulder slightly elevated on a small pillow
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Embolus
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An object that has moved from its place of origin, causing obstruction to circulation elsewhere
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Exercise
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Physical activity performed to improve health and maintain fitness
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Flaccid
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Limp
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Foot drop
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Plantar flexion contracture
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Fowlers position
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Semisitting position
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Functional Strength
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the ability to do work
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Gait
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Walk
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High Fowler's position
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Head and Trunk are raised 60-90 degrees
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Hypertrophy
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Enlarge
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Individualized Exercise Prescriptions
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Tailors activity to client's ability, goals and preferences includes activity, intensity and time
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Isokinetic (Resistive) Exercise
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Muscle contraction or tension against resistance
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Isometric (static or setting) Exercise
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Muscle contraction without moving the joint
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Isotonic (Dynamic) Exercise
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Those in which the muscle shortens to produce contractions and active movement
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Lateral Position
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side lying position
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Line of Gravity
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Imaginary vertical line drawn through the body's center of gravity
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Logrolling
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Techniques used to turn a client whose body must at all times be kept in straight alignment
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Lordosis
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An exaggerated anterior/inward curvature of the lumbar spine
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Low Fowler's Position
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Head to be elevated 30 degrees
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Metabolism
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Sum all of all the physical and chemical processes by which living substance is formed and maintained, and by which energy is made available for use by the body
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Mobility
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The ability to move freely, easily, rhythmically, and purposefully in the environment
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Orthopneic Position
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Client sits either in bed or on the side of the bed with an overbed table across the lap
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Orthostatic hypotension
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When immobile person attempts to sit or stand, the central blood pressure drops
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Osteoporosis
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A condition in which the bones become brittle and fragile due to calcium depletion
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Pace
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Number of steps taken per minute
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Paresis
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Muscle that is paralyzed
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Passive ROM exercises
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Another person moves each of the client's joints through its complete range of movement
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Physical Activity
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Bodily movement that enhances health
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Prone Position
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client positioned on the abdomen with the head turned to one side
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Proprioception
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term used to describe awareness of posture, movement and changes in equilibrium and knowledge of position, weight, resistance of objects in relation to the body
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Range of Motion (ROM)
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The maximum movement that is possible for that joint
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Relaxation Response (RR)
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Exercise can counteract some of the harmful effects of stress on the body
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Semi-Fowler's Position
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Head and trunk raised 15 to 45 degrees
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Sims' Position
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Semiprone position; halfway between lateral and prone positions
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Spastic
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sudden, prolonged, involuntary muscle contraction
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Supine Position
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Lying on back
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Thrombophlebitis
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clot that is loosely attached to an inflamed vein wall
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Thrombus
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clot
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Tripod (Triangle) position
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Crutch positioned in front of feet about 15 inches, out laterally about 15 cm
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Urinary incontinence
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Involuntary urination
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Urinary Reflux
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Backward flow of urine
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Urinary Retention
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Accumulation of urine in the bladder
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Urinary Stasis
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Stoppage or slowdown of flow
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Valsalva maneuver
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refers to holding the breath and straining against a closed glottis
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Vital Capacity
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Maximum amount of air that can be exhaled after a maximum inhalation
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