nursing chapter 11, 12, & 13 – Flashcards
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To retain information in working memory, individuals must _____.
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process the information
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Approximately what percent of the world's 7-year-olds are in school?
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95
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A child's achievement seems more influenced by _____ in the United States than in other nations.
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income and ethnicity
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Important to long-term memory is _____.
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???storage and retrieval
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A strategy in which school subjects are taught in both the learner's original language and the second (majority) language is _____.
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bilingual schooling
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The component of the information-processing system in which current conscious mental activity occurs is the _____.
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working memory
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In the United States, less than _____ percent of children under age 11 study a language other than English in school.
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5
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Vygotsky viewed _____ as being crucial to children's development of skills and knowledge.
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instruction
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One problem with smaller school class sizes is that _____.
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the research supporting their advantages is mixed
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The knowledge that things can be arranged in a logical order is the logical principle of _____.
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classification
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What is the primary international test of science and math?
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TIMSS
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Some children of every ethnicity are classified as _____, based on their proficiency in English.
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ELL
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While literacy and numeracy are valued in every school, curriculum specifics _____.
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vary by place and culture
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How readily past learning can be brought into working memory from long-term memory is referred to as _____.
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retrieval
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Sensory memory improves until about age _____ and then remains adequate until late adulthood.
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10
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A child can have autistic symptoms for many reasons. This reflects the developmental principle of _____.
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equifinality
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Research suggests that children from families that _____ are less likely to see a dentist.
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have low incomes
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The average IQ is a score of _____.
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???85
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Over the past few decades, the rates of ADHD have _____ in the United States.
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increased
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The health habits that children develop during the middle childhood years are _____.
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related to their health in adolescence and adulthood
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With respect to Gardner's multiple intelligences, a successful professional athlete is likely to excel in _____ intelligence.
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bodily-kinesthetic
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With respect to asthma, the hygiene hypothesis is supported by data showing all of the following EXCEPT _____.
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city children have less asthma and fewer allergies
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One method of educating gifted and talented students that has become popular in the United States is _____.
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educating all gifted and talented children of the same age together
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Aptitude tests are designed to measure one's _____.
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potential for learning a skill or body of kno
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In the United States, about ____ percent of children saw a dentist for preventive care in the previous year.
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75
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Each state in the U.S. selects and educates gifted and talented students. Across the country _____.
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the selection and education process can be different
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Often a symptom can have multiple causes. This is known as _____.
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equifinality
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Treatment of childhood disorders can be difficult because _____.
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symptoms can change with age
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Obesity has increased because it is common for _____.
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preschoolers to watch TV and drink soda
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What is a sign of autism spectrum disorder?
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impaired social responses
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Kohlberg's theory has been criticized because his _____.
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theory does not take into account cultural differences
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Conventional morality involves _____.
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following what parents, teachers, and peers do
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Family structure refers to _____.
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the legal and genetic relationships of people in a household
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The kind of bully who is the most strongly disliked by peers is called a _____.
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bully-victim
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Which country leads the world in divorce and remarriage?
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the United States
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Family function refers to _____.
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how a family cares for its members
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The Piagetian stage of development that is similar to Kohlberg's stage of preconventional morality is _____.
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the preoperational stage
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A study that followed married parents and their adolescent children found that _____ on the adolescents' well-being.
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conflict was the main influence
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Who described middle childhood as a time of latency?
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Freud
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During the school years, self-esteem typically _____.
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decreases
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Research indicates that a child who demonstrates positive adaptation in the face of stressors such as poverty and neglect is showing resilience and _____.
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may or may not show resilience in the future
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What is the first stage of moral reasoning in Kohlberg's theory?
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preconventional
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According to Erikson's theory, children in middle childhood tend to judge themselves as either _____.
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industrious or inferior
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The particular rules and behaviors that are passed down to younger children from older children are what define _____.
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child culture
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who do most bullies pick on?
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members of their own sex
