question

end-feel that is an absolute contraindication for joint mobilization

answer

empty

question

a common contracture following transfemoral amputation

answer

hip flexion contracture

question

best initial intervention for shoulder impingement: postural correction, AROM, stretching, or modalities

answer

correct postural alignment first

question

typical posture of a patient with Parkinson's

answer

forward head and trunk hip and knee flexion

question

typical gait of a patient of Parkinson's

answer

festinating gait: small, shuffling steps and generally slow movement

question

T or F: A rolling walker is indicated for the typical patient with Parkinson's posture and gait

answer

False. A rolling walker is contraindicated because it would exacerbate the postural and gait impairments

question

term for the inability to feel pain

answer

analgesia

question

term for feeling pain from things that do not normally cause pain

answer

allodynia

question

term for an abnormally heightened sensation of pain

answer

hyperalgesia

question

what is allodynia

answer

feeling pain from stimuli that shouldn't actually cause pain

question

analgesia vs anesthesia

answer

analgesia is loss of pain sensation, anesthesia is global loss of sensation

question

typical end-feel of elbow and knee flexion

answer

soft

question

which quadriceps muscle *may* reduce the tendency of the patella to track laterally

answer

vastus medialis

question

cranial nerve involved in Bell's palsy

answer

CN VII: facial nerve

question

symptoms of Bell's palsy

answer

unilateral facial drooping/paralysis of muscles of facial expression (opening/closing eyes, smiling/frowning, raising eyebrows, etc.)

question

what is ptosis

answer

drooping of the eyelid

question

A young female patient has larger than normal Q angle and complains of subpatellar pain. Would you strengthen vastus lateralis or medialis?

answer

vastus medialis (to reduce lateral tracking of the patella)

question

damage to this cranial nerve can result in weakness of paralysis of the muscles of mastication

answer

CN V: trigeminal nerve

question

cranial nerve responsible for motor function of the tongue

answer

CN XII: hypoglossal nerve

question

LDL level above what is considered a risk

answer

> 130

question

total cholesterol above what is considered a risk

answer

> 200

question

HDL below what is considered a risk

answer

men < 40, women < 50

question

which values are abnormal: total cholesterol: 220 LDL: 150 HDL: 30

answer

All of them. total cholesterol: should be < 200 LDL: should be < 130 HDL: should be at least 40 if man, 50 if woman

question

T or F: The adverse effects of tricyclic antidepressants increase fall risk.

answer

True. Side effects include postural hypotension, lethargy, sedation, and blurred vision.

question

The abnormal presence of bone in soft tissue

answer

Heterotopic ossification

question

The abnormal presence of a painful mass of bone tissue, usually within a large muscle

answer

myositis ossificans

question

Myositis ossificans usually occurs within a large muscle following __________.

answer

Trauma to the area

question

A patient had blunt trauma to their quads and subsequent loss of knee function. Best early intervention: A. Gentle AROM in WB B. Aggressive stretching C. Aggressive OKC strengthening for quads D. Gentle PROM in non-WB

answer

A. Gentle AROM in WB Aggressive stretching or strengthening can promote myositis ossificans. Gentle PROM is too conservative for restoring knee function.

question

Long thoracic nerve innervates the _______.

answer

serratus anterior

question

Musculocutaneous nerve comes off which cord

answer

lateral cord

question

The nerves that the posterior cord gives rise to

answer

Axillary Thoracodorsal Upper subscapular Lower subscapular Radial

question

What innervates the lats

answer

thoracodorsal n.

question

A patient has R buttock pain after slipping. Physical exam reveals full, pain-free lumbar AROM. T or F: This rules out a QL strain.

answer

True

question

An inverted forefoot relative to rearfoot in subtalar neutral is called: _______.

answer

forefoot varus

question

Hyperactivity of the adrenal glands leading to excessive cortisol is called: _______ syndrome.

answer

Cushing's

question

Hypoactivity of the adrenal glands is called: _______ syndrome.

answer

Addison's

question

Weakness and wasting in the LE's, hypertension, and moonface are symptoms of: _______.

answer

Cushing's syndrome

question

The position of the calcaneus from initial contact through loading response

answer

everted

question

Foot drop can be caused by damage to this peripheral nerve

answer

deep fibular n.

question

CVA patient has trouble clearing the hemiparetic foot during swing phase of gait. Which movements are best to improve function?

answer

hip and knee flexion dorsiflexion

question

put these in order of decreasing quality of evidence: Non-randomized case control studies Single-center RCT's Non-randomized cohort/comparison studies Multicenter RCT's Case series or case reports without controls

answer

Level I. multicenter RCT's Level II. single RCT's Level III. non-randomized cohort/comparison studies Level IV. non-randomized case control studies Level V. case series or case reports without controls

question

An athlete takes a hit to the head during a game. They have normal respiration, but are unresponsive. Do you log-roll the player onto their back while stabilizing the neck or call emergency services immediately

answer

If unresponsive but breathing, do not move the person and call 911 or summon emergency personnel

question

What muscles can a tetraplegic patient with C6 ASIA A injury use to transfer on a sliding board?

answer

posterior and anterior delts, rotator cuff use these to position and lock the elbow

question

T or F: A tetraplegic patient with C6 ASIA A injury can use triceps to stabilize the elbow during transfers.

answer

False, tris will be non-functional

question

What should you tell a patient who is worried about complications of their upcoming lateral release surgery for chronic patellar subluxation?

answer

Suggest that they speak with the surgeon. It is not within PT scope of practice to discuss indications and problems that could arise from this surgical procedure.

question

A patient can only get 80 degrees of R shoulder elevation and has a positive empty can. What is the best early subacute intervention: Rotator cuff strengthening Modalities Superior glide mobs Active-assisted pulleys

answer

Active-assisted pulley exercises will promote healing of supraspinatus and maintain ROM. Inferior glide helps with elevation. We want to reduce pain and inflammation and modalities do that but they are not optimal at this stage. Resistance exercise is too aggressive at this stage.

question

A pregnant patient with a desk job has a CC of tingling and weakness in both hands that is worse after typing for longer than 20 min. Best intervention? Hydrocortisone iontophoresis to volar wrists. Dexamethasone phonophoresis to carpal tunnel. Place wrists in resting splints. Ice packs to carpal tunnel.

answer

Gestational CTS is not uncommon. Splinting in neutral protects the carpal tunnel from compression during work activities. Modalities that use steroids are contraindicated during pregnancy, and ice isn't good enough.

question

You suspect your 2 year old patient is autistic. Which supports that conclusion the most? Gross motor delay. Quiet and unwilling to separate from the mother. Defensive when touched. Responsive to most but not all commands.

answer

Defensive when touched. It's not weird to be quiet/shy and not like being away from mommy for any 2 year-old. Gross motor delay could be CP or something else, not necessarily autism. An autistic child is more likely to be unresponsive to most commands.

question

T or F: A patient has stopped responding to TENS even though it is at maximum intensity. Decreasing pulse duration would enable them to benefit from TENS again.

answer

False. If at maximum intensity, decreasing pulse duration will not help the patient respond to TENS again.

question

T or F: Low-rate TENS is indicated for chronic LBP.

answer

False. Low-rate TENS is motor-level stimulation, not sensory.

question

A benefit of burst modulation mode TENS

answer

Periodic interruption of the current flow prevents accommodation.

question

Your elderly patient comes in with multiple bruises on the face and arms, but says they don't know how they got them. Later, the patient mentions "my caretaker is under a great deal of stress." What do you do?

answer

Contact the appropriate jurisdiction and file a report for suspected abuse/neglect, in accordance with the APTA Code of Ethics.

question

A patient walks with a Trendelenburg gait and has weak (3/5) R hip abduction. What is the best muscle group for FES and during what phase of gait?

answer

R hip abductors during R stance.

question

T or F: Children with Down syndrome typically present with generalized hypotonicity.

answer

True. Good interventions are usually WB activities in antigravity postures.

question

T or F: Rolling activities would be appropriate for an 18-month-old child with Down syndrome and moderate developmental delay.

answer

False. Probably not. They should be able to roll already and typically walk by 24 months.

question

T or F: An 18-month-old child with Down syndrome would respond well to PNF techniques.

answer

False. Proprioception is low-level and the child probably would not respond well to PNF.

question

Will COPD affect the following pulmonary test values: Functional residual capacity (FRC) Total lung capacity (TLC) Residual volume (RV) Vital capacity (VC) Forced vital capacity (FEV-1/FVC)

answer

Increased: FRC, TLC, RV Decreased: VC, FEV-1/FVC Forced vital capacity (FEV-1/FVC is a ratio used to help diagnose COPD. > 70% indicates COPD)

question

Your patient asks about if they will be sore after doing exercise during therapy. You tell they may experience DOMS, and it typically begins __ - __ hours after exercise, peaks in __ - __ hours, and can last up to __ - __ days.

answer

begins 12-24 hrs after exercise peaks 24-48 hrs can last up to 5-7 days

question

In patients with spinal stenosis, activities or positions that place the spine in _______ make their symptoms worse.

answer

extension

question

T or F: Obesity is consistently reported as a predictor of lymphedema after modified radical mastectomy for breast cancer.

answer

True. Weight management is key for patient education.

question

T or F: The use of diuretics is a predictor of lymphedema after modified radical mastectomy for breast cancer.

answer

False.

question

You are doing postural drainage in the Trendy position to your adolescent patient with cystic fibrosis. Suddenly, the patient complains of R-sided chest pain and SOB. You auscultate and breath sounds are absent on the right. What do you do?

answer

Call Emergency Medical Services. It may be a pneumothorax

question

Your patient is 5 days post-MI in inpatient cardiac rehab. For initial exercise intensity, you ideally want HR < ___ bpm and RPE < __

answer

HR < 120 bpm (or less than resting + 20) RPE < 13

question

what is homonymous hemianopsia

answer

Loss of the same half of field of vision in both eyes

question

generally, motor disorders characterized by involuntary muscle movements

answer

dyskinesia

question

T or F: Long-term use of Levodopa can lead to the development of dyskinesias, GI distress, or mental disturbances.

answer

True

question

Is hemosiderin staining indicative of venous or arterial insufficiency

answer

venous insufficiency

question

describe a Romberg test

answer

have patient stand with feet together and arms by their side. Then have them close their eyes and try to maintain balance for 1 min

question

After a middle cerebral artery stroke, do you expect the arms or legs to be more affected?

answer

greater involvement of arms than legs

question

T or F: Expected deficits of a posterior cerebral artery stroke would be contralateral hemiparesis with greater involvement of the arms than the legs.

answer

False. posterior artery gets legs > arms

question

A patient has foot drop. During which period of the gait cycle would you apply FES to tib anterior? Mid-swing, late stance, or early stance

answer

mid-swing

question

What are adverse effects of chronic treatment for MS exacerbations with corticosteroids.

answer

Adrenal suppression: muscle wasting, weakness, osteoporosis, weight loss or anorexia, N&V

question

To test for maximal passive tibiofemoral IR/ER, how much flexion should you position the knee in?

answer

90

question

Your patient is an adolescent female with anterior knee pain. What are your likely findings? 1. pes planus or cavus 2. lateral or medial tibial torsion 3. genu valgum or genu varu, 4. lateral or medial femoral rotation

answer

1. pes planus 2. lateral tibial torsion 3. genu valgum 4. medial femoral rotation

question

Most likely burn depth if the skin surface is parchment-like, leathery, and dry

answer

full-thickness

question

Most likely burn depth if the skin surface is dry with no blisters

answer

superficial

question

Most likely burn depth if there are blisters

answer

partial thickness superficial = intact blisters deep = broken blisters

question

If you are performing a posterior glide of the talus, what motion are you trying to gain?

answer

dorsiflexion

question

Your patient is a pitcher and recently had surgical repair of a SLAP tear on the throwing arm. Which phase of throwing places the greatest stress on the anterior labrum? Wind-up, acceleration, deceleration, or cocking

answer

Cocking phase, because it takes the humerus to end-range external rotation.

question

what is Noble's compression test for

answer

IT band friction syndrome

question

A negative scour test probably rules out what condition at the hip

answer

OA/DJD

question

how would forefoot varus be compensated for?

answer

pronation and medial tibial rotation

question

Your elderly patient has an irregular, dark-pigmented ulcer over the medial malleolus. It is not painful. It is more likely to be due to venous or arterial insufficiency?

answer

Venous. Arterial are also irregular, but not dark color. They are also painful.

question

What type of drug is omeprazole (Prilosec)

answer

proton pump inhibitor (PPI)

question

Your patient is taking omeprazole for GERD. How long should you wait after your patient eats to do therapy?

answer

at least 90 minutes after meals so your therapy activity doesn't make the GERD worse

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