Non-Fiction and Persuasive Techniques Terms
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Article
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an informational piece of writing about a particular topic, issue, or event
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Autobiography
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the story of a person's life written by that person
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Memorized Speech
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A speech that has been written out and memorized word for word
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Impromptu Speech
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a speech given without advance preparation (given by a person receiving a surprise award)
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Biography
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the story of a person's life written by someone else
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Editorial
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a magazine or newspaper article that represents the opinions of the editors or publishers
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Expository Essay
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explores a topic with the goal of informing or enlightening the reader
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Extemporaneous Speech
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a speech in which the speaker refers to notes occasionally
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How-To Writing
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a type of informational writing that explains a procedure or strategy
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Memoir
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Focuses on one incident or period in a person's life
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Speech
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this is meant to be heard aloud which is different from an essay
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Personal Essay
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explores topics related to the life or interests of the writer
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Persuasive Essay
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aims to convince the reader to accept a certain point of view
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Expository
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to inform
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Narrative
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to express thoughts or ideas, or to tell a story
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Descriptive
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to portray (create an image) of a person, place, or event
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Persuasive
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to convince people to accept a position and respond in some way
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Logical Appeal
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Persuading by giving logical evidence or reasoning
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Emotional Appeal
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Persuading by appealing to people's emotions (fear, anger, pity, humor, etc.); often achieved through the use of emotionally charged vocabulary
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Anecdote
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a short interesting account of a real or fictional story about life. In persuasion, an anecdote can capture audience interest and put a real face on an issue.
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Audience Analysis
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the process of analyzing the beliefs, backgrounds, and common assumptions, hot buttons, and other factors which will determine how your audience will react to your speech / essay.
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Bridging
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taking a point from the opposing side and showing how it can actually be connected to your own argument. Think of building a bridge between two sides. This technique can show your audience that your point of view is not really far from theirs.
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Common Ground
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establishing a common area of agreement with your audience or opponent before beginning to persuade
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Concession
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Agreeing that the other side has a point when they make an argument against you. This technique can show that you see all sides of an issue. You can then explain why this point, though valid, is not as important as your point or the big picture.
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Supporting Evidence
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can either be anecdotal or factual, but you must cite your sources to make your evidence seem credible to the audience. Style Techniques
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Rhetorical Question
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Asking an obvious question of your audience without intending for them to answer; a technique that is intended to provoke thought about the obvious
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Restatement
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Restating the same thought in a different way
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Repitition
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Repeating exactly words / phrases to add emphasis to their importance
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Parallelism
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Using the same sentence pattern or structure several times to add rhythm to your speaking / writing
