Nicole Kumiega Medical Terminology Ch 7 – Terms – Flashcards
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erythrocytes
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red blood cells
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leukocytes
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white blood cells
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thrombocytes
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platelets
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hemoglobin
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iron-protein substance which carries oxygen on red blood cells
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granulocytes
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leukocytes with grains in their cytoplasm
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agranulocytes
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leukocytes with no grains in their cytoplasm
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neutrophils
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a leukocyte that is a phagocyte which fights disease by engulfing tissue and bacteria
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eosinophils
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a leukocyte that helps defend the body against an allergic reaction
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basophils
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a leukocyte that releases substances to respond to allergic reactions (histamine and heparin)
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histamine
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substance released by a basophil to increase blood flow
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heparin
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substance released by a basophil to prevent blood from clotting
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monocytes
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a leukocyte that is the largest and fights disease by phagocytosis
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lymphocytes
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a leukocyte that fights disease by phagocytosis and can produce antibodies to destroy bacteria
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coagulation
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clotting
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agglutination
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when red blood cells clump together and inhibit blood flow
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hemolysis
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when red blood cells are destroyed
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hemolytic disease of a newborn
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destruction of newborn or fetal red blood cells caused by a reaction between Rh- blood and fetal Rh+ blood
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lymphatic system organs
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lymph fluid, lymph vessels, lymph nodes, lymphocytes, thymus, spleen, and tonsils
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lymph fluid
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a clear fluid that consists of proteins, electrolytes, fats, glucose, and lymphocytes
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lymph vessels
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collect the fluid from the blood capillaries into the interstitial spaces and transport to larger vessels
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lymphatic ducts
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right lymphatic ducts and thoracic duct - where all lymph fluid eventually drains into
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lymph nodes
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large vessels that filter old, dead cells and bacteria in the lymph fluid
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thymus
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a lymph and endocrine gland located in the mediastinum - stimulates the production t cells which attack foreign cells
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spleen
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largest lymph vessel which filters lymph fluid and remove pathogens (disease causing substances)
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tonsils
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lymph tissue that are the first lines of defense against the bacteria entering the body through the nose and mouth
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agglutination
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clumping together of cells
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coagulation
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process of blood clotting
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corpuscle
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any blood cell, red or white
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hematologist
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physician specialist in the study of blood, blood forming organs, and related disorders and diseases
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hematology
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the study of blood and blood forming organs
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hemostasis
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stopping or controlling the flow of blood
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pathogen
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any substance that causes disease
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phagocyte
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cell that engulfs and destroys or digests bacteria or other unwanted substances
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phagocytosis
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process of a cell engulfing and destroying bacteria or other unwanted substances
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acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)
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a syndrome of infections that occur during the final stage of infection by HIV; progressive loss of immune system funtion
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adenoiditis
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inflammation of the adenoids
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anemia
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deficiency in the quantity or quality of blood
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aplastic anemia
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deficiency of red blood cell production due to a disorder of the bone marrow
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dyscrasia
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any abnormal condition of the blood
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embolism
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obstruction of a blood vessel by a foreign substance or a blood clot
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embolus
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circulating blood clot
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erythremia
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an abnormal increase in the number of red blood cells
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erythrocytopenia
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decrease in the number of erythrocytes
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granulocytosis
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an increase in the number of granulocytes
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hemolysis
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destruction or breakdown of red blood cells
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hemolytic anemia
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decrease in the quantity or quality of blood due to the premature destruction of red blood cells
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hemophilia
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bleeding disorder caused by a deficiency of coagulation factors in the blood in which the blood does not clot
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hemorrhage
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excessive loss of blood, internal or external
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Hodgkin's disease
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malignant neoplasm of lymph tissue
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iron deficiency anemia
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anemia caused by an inadequate amount of iron for the production of hemoglobin
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leukemia
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abnormal increase in the number of immature white blood cells caused by a malignancy of the blood forming organs
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leukopenia
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decrease in the number of leukocytes
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lymphadenitis
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inflammation of a lymph gland
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lymphadenopathy
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any disease of a lymph gland
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lymphoma
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a tumor of the lymph tissue, usually malignant
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mononucleosis
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an abnormal increase in the number of monocytes accompanied by enlargement of the spleen and lymph nodes
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multiple myeloma
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a malignant neoplasm of the bone marrow
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non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL)
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malignant neoplasm of lymph tissue that cannot be characterized as Hodgkin's disease
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pancytopenia
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decrease in the number of all blood cells
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pernicious anemia
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anemia resulting from a decrease in the formation of mature erythrocytes
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polycythemia
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an increase in the number of erythrocytes in the blood
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polycythemia vera
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an abnormal increase in the number of erythrocytes, granulocytes, and thrombocytes
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purpura
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hemorrhages beneath the skin
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rouleaux
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abnormal stacking of erythrocytes
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septicemia
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presence of disease causing bacteria in the blood
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sickle cell anemia
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hereditary form of hemolytic anemia characterized by crescent shaped erythrocytes
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spherocytosis
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abnormal condition of round or spherical shaped erythrocytes
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splenomegaly
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enlargement of the spleen
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thalassemia
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hereditary form of hemolytic anemia
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thrombocytopenia
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decrease in the number of thrombocytes
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thrombosis
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presence of a blood clot within a blood vessel
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thrombus
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a blood clot
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tonsillitis
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inflammation of the tonsils
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bleeding time
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a laboratory blood test that measures the time required for bleeding to stop
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blood transfusion
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administration of blood or components of blood to replace the loss of blood
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bone marrow biopsy
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removal of a sample of bone marrow for microscopic examination
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complete blood count (CBC)
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a blood test that analyzes the quantity and quality of the cellular components of blood
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erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)(sed rate)
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a blood test that measures the rate at which red blood cells settle out of unclotted blood
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lymphangiogram
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a record or picture of an x-ray examination of lymph vessels
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prothrombin time (PT)
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a blood clot test that evaluates the ability of the blood to clot, also called protime
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red blood cell count (RBC)
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measures the number of red blood cells in a sample of blood
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hemoglobin (Hgb)
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measures the number of grams of hemoglobin in a sample of blood
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hematocrit (Hct)
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measures the percentage of red blood cells in a specific volume of blood
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red blood cell indices
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mathematical calculations that identify erythrocyte size and erythrocyte hemoglobin concentration
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white blood cell count (WBC)
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measures the number of white blood cells in a sample of blood
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white blood cells differential (diff)
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measures the percentage of each type of white blood cell in a sample of blood
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platelet count
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measures the number of platelets in a sample of blood
