Neurology Test – Flashcards
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Mononeuropathy is a disorder
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affecting a single nerve
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Which of the following terms means pertaining to the brain and spinal cord?
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Cerebrospinal
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Many congenital neurologic abnormalities can be prevented by the mother taking ________before conception and during early pregnancy.
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folic acid
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A condition caused by an excessive amount of CSF causing ventricular enlargement is
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Hydrocephalus
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Identify the glial cell that is only found in the central nervous system.
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oligodendrocyte
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The root/combining form in the word microangiopathy means
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blood vessel
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The T in TBI stands for
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traumatic
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Which of the following words means the body's natural pain reliever?
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Endorphin
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The color of white matter is the result of:
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myelin
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Cerebral palsy (CP) is the term used to describe the motor impairment resulting from brain damage in the infant or young child, regardless of the cause or the effect on the child. It is not hereditary. In congenital CP, the cause is often unknown but can be due to brain malformations or maternal use of cocaine; CP developed at birth or in the neonatal period is usually related to an incident causing hypoxia of the brain. Which statement best describes a child with this condition?
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There is a relationship to low levels of oxygen in the brain.
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The word cervical means pertaining to the
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neck
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The proper order of the transmission of a neuron impulse is:
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dendrite, cell body, axon, synapse
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Which of the following words means a condition involving paralysis of one side of the body?
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Hemiplegia
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A diagnostic test in which CSF is removed for laboratory testing is called a(n)
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lumbar puncture
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The congenital condition in which the spinal cord and meninges protrude through a defect in the vertebral arch of one or more vertebrae is
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Meningomyelocele
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Which of the following words means the sensory experience preceding an epileptic seizure or a migraine headache?
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Aura
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The word which is derived from the Greek meaning dance, and which refers to involuntary, irregular spasms of limb and facial muscles is
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chorea
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A group of _______ fibers make up a _______.
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neuron; nerve
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Which word containing a prefix, root, and suffix refers to a condition involving the chronic, progressive, and irreversible loss of the mind's cognitive and intellectual functions?
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Dementia
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The root/combining form in the word astrocyte means
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star
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A tumor of the covering of the brain and spinal cord is called a(n)
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meningioma
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A synonym for a tonic-clonic seizure is a (n)
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grand mal seizure
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The word which refers to a loss of motor control and sensation as a result of injury to the spinal cord is
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paralysis
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Of the following words, which one means pertaining to the skull?
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Cranial
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Which of the following words means a junction between two nerve cells?
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Synapse
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Eric complains of sudden, severe pain in his face. The pain is associated with the muscles of chewing. What is the likely diagnosis?
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Trigeminal neuralgia
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The definition of status epilepticus is
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a state of persistent seizures
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A disease in which the body makes antibodies against myelin, thereby disrupting nerve conduction is
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Guillain-Barré syndrome
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Bell palsy is characterized by
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paralysis or paresis on one side of the face
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The word seizure means
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an event due to excessive electrical activity in the brain
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The prefix in the word intervertebral means
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between
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The word which is derived from the Greek meaning deep sleep, trance and means a state of deep unconsciousness is
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coma
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A disorder of multiple motor and vocal tics is called
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Tourette syndrome
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61.An accumulation of excess fluid in the extracellular spaces of the brain is called
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cerebral edema
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Sensory neurons are also known as _______ neurons.
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afferent
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A disease involving the brain is called a(n)
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Encephalopathy
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To obtain CSF via a lumbar puncture, which meningeal layers must the needle pass through?
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dura mater and arachnoid mater only
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A selective mechanism that protects the brain from toxins and infections is abbreviated as the
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BBB
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A diagnostic test which records the electrical activity in a muscle is a (n)
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electromyography
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Which of the following words means pertaining to within the subarachnoid or subdural space?
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Intrathecal
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The root in the word neurotoxin means
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poison
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Because Jon suffered from an acute seizure, the neurologist ordered a(n):
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EEG
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The cause of a febrile seizure is a
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fever
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Which of the following words has a prefix meaning short?
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Brachytherapy
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The cranial nerve that is a mixed parasympathetic nerve that innervates the abdominal and thoracic viscera.
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vagus
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A 22 year old patient in the hospital is suffering from a seizure that lasts longer than 45 minutes. When charting this event, the physician should document this seizure as:
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status epilepticus
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The term which means inability to coordinate muscle activity leading to jerky movements is
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ataxia
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The word cognition means the process of
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acquiring knowledge through thinking, learning, and memory
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The root in the word spondylosis means
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vertebra
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Which cell is involved in the maintenance of the blood brain barrier?
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astrocyte
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A 25 year old patient with spastic cerebral palsy is now receiving physical therapy after being without it for over one year. The physical therapist attempts to straighten the patient's legs, but is unable to do so. The physical therapist documents the condition of the legs as:
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contracture
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The prefix in the word trigeminal means
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three
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Parkinson disease occurs when which neurotransmitter is no longer produced?
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dopamine
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Prions are linked to which of the following diseases?
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CJD and BSE
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Why does a patient with a stroke on the right side of the brain have paralysis on the left side of the body?
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decussation of fibers
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The brain and spinal cord make up the
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central nervous system
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The epidural space is located
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above the dura mater
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The type of specialist that would correct an AVM:
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neurosurgeon
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A synonym for Lou Gehrigdisease is
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Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
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Of the following words, which one has a word element meaning cobweb or spider?
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Arachnoid mater
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The proper functioning of this nerve is often assessed by having the patient smile:
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VII
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A lumbar puncture is performed to:
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aspirate cerebrospinal fluid
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An inflammation of the brain is called
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encephalitis
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A blood clot in a cerebral artery that originates elsewhere in the body and causes a stroke is called a (n)
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embolism
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The word for a groove on the surface of the cerebral hemispheres is a ______________, and its plural is ______________.
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sulcus; sulci
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Herpes zoster (shingles) is an infection of peripheral nerves arising from a re-activation of the primary childhood viral infection ____________________.
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chickenpox
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While golfing with her grandson, Mrs. Henderson is accidently struck in the head, just above the ear with a golf club. She arrives to the emergency department complaining of loss of hearing and dizziness. Which cranial nerve is most likely affected?
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vestibulocochlear
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The word for a web-like network of joined nerves is a ______________, and its plural is ______________.
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plexus; plexuses
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An abnormal communication between an artery and a vein is abbreviated as a (n)
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AVM
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You are caring for a patient that has been admitted to the hospital for CVA located in the hypothalamus. Which of the following functions will be affected?
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regulation of body temperature
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The dura mater is the
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hard, fibrous, outer layer of the meninges
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Which of the following words means the process of recording the electrical activity of the brain?
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Electroencephalography
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Abnormal sensations such as tingling, burning, and prickling are called
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paresthesia
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Mrs. Shapiro suffers from a ganglionic cyst. This means that the cyst is located in:
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peripheral nervous system
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After the patient suffered a CVA, she was unable to brush her teeth or use a fork or spoon to eat. The physician referred her to an occupational assistant to recommend therapies to address her ______.
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ADLs
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Which of the following conditions refers to a chronic brain disorder caused by paroxysmal excessive neuronal discharges?
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Epilepsy
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A adult son brings his elderly father to the emergency department. He reports that is father began slurring his speech. Within an hour of arriving to the emergency department, his symptoms resolve and his speech is now clear. What is most likely the cause of his symptoms?
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TIA
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Due to the patient's chronic mental depression, the physician prescribed a(n) ________ medication.
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psychoactive
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A thrombolytic agent is abbreviated as a (n)
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tPA
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An intrathecal injection is placed in the ______ space.
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intrathecal
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Which of the following words forms the plural by adding "s"?
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Paresthesia
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The phase immediately following a seizure is known as the
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postictal phase
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A circumscribed dilation of an artery that can cause a stroke is a (n)
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aneurysm
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The root in the word endarterectomy means
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artery
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The cranial nerve that moves the eye is the ______________ nerve.
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oculomotor
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A congenital condition in which the head is small with small cerebral hemispheres and with moderate to severe motor and mental retardation is
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Microcephaly
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The C in LOC stands for
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consciousness
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What does the abbreviation EEG stand for?
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electroencephalogram
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When analyzing the disease bovine spongiform encephalopathy, the term bovine means:
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cattle
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The suffix in the word neuralgia means
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pain
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An inflammation of the coverings of the brain and spinal cord is called
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meningitis
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The physical therapist notes the patient with cerebral palsy has increased spasticity in the upper limbs. Which statement accurately describes the patient's upper limbs?
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The patient's arm muscles are tightly bent, and it is difficult to straighten them.
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A disease caused by the immune system producing antibodies that attack the acetylcholine receptors on the muscle cells, causing drooping eyelids, weak eye muscles causing double vision, difficulty talking and swallowing, and muscle weakness in the limbs is
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Myasthenia gravis
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A tonic-clonic seizure is one in which:
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the entire brain is affected.
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The right and left cerebral hemispheres are connected by the:
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corpus callosum
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"I am sorry that you were injured in a bicycle accident." This statement is an example of:
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sympathy
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A collection of blood located outside the dura mater is called a(n)
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epidural hematoma
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An invasive procedure in which a radiopaque dye is injected into the blood vessels of the neck and brain to detect blood vessels that are partially or completely blocked, aneurysms, or AV malformations is a
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cerebral angiography
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A short-term, small stroke with symptoms lasting for less than 24 hours is abbreviated as a (n)
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TIA
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A person who is paralyzed in all four limbs has
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Quadriplegia
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The congenital condition in which the cerebral hemispheres are absent is
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Anencephaly
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The adult brain weighs around three pounds. Its size and weight are proportional to body size, not intelligence. Which of the following statements best describes the anatomy of the brain?
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The IQ of an individual cannot be predicted from the size of the brain.
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The root/combining form in the word syringomyelia means
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tube, pipe
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Which of the following conditions results from demylenization?
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Multiple sclerosis
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Acetylcholine, serotonin, and dopamine are examples of
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neurotransmitters
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The cerebral cortex of the brain is made up of:
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gray matter
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A synonym for seizure is:
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countercoup
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An inflammation of the brain and spinal cord is called
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encephalomyelitis
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Alzheimer disease is the most common form of dementia. It affects 10% of the population over 65 and 50% of the population over 85. Nerve cells in the areas of the brain associated with memory and cognition are replaced by abnormal clumps and tangles of a protein. Which of the following statements best describes a patient with this condition?
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The disease is chronic, progressive, and irreversible.
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Encephalopathy and liver damage in children, linked to aspirin use following an acute viral illness is known as
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Reye syndrome
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A network of nerves that serve the lateral aspect of the labia majora:
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lumbosacral plexus
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The plural form of the word ganglion is
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ganglia
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A disease that is transmitted by the bite of an infected deer tick is
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Lyme disease
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The root/combining form in the word anesthesia means
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feeling, sensation
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Neurology is the name of the medical specialty that treats disorders of the
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nervous system
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The device used to record the electrical activity of the brain is an
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electroencephalograph
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An agent that reduces pain or relieves pain is called an
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analgesic
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Psychoactive
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drugs are used to change mood, behavior, and/or to treat anxiety
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The nervous system receives and interprets
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sensory information
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The brain and the spinal cord make up what system of the body?
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central nervous system
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During a(n) blank and anesthetic or anti-inflammatory agent is injected into an area surrounding the pain-generating nerve
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nerve block and epidural
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How many types of neuroglia are found in the CNS?
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4
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All nervous system structures that are not within the central nervous system are part of the blank blank system
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peripheral
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how many limbs are involved in a person suffering from monoplegia?
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one
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The somatic division of the PNS is voluntary and carries signals to the blank muscles
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skeletal
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The nervous system has two major subdivisions -the central nervous system and the blank nervous system
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peripheral
