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Association cortex of the Neocortex are the anatomical areas where what occurs

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Cognition "Knowing"

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The prefrontal association cortex is the location of specific neurons involved in planning of behavior and setting goals

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Delay-specific neurons
Mirror neurons (fire when mirroring actions observed)

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The parietal lobe assocition cortex is the location of neurons that attend to complex stimuli

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Attention specific neurons (give attention to a stimulus)

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The parietal lobe assocition cortex is the location of neurons that attend to complex stimuli

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Attention specific neurons (give attention to a stimulus)

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The temporal lobe association cortex is the location of neurons that take part in recognizing and identifying objects

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Recognition specific neurons (identify a stimulus)

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The processing of information moving between sensory input and motor output occurs in

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The association cortex

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The ability to know our world, but attending to, identifying and planning responses to internal and external demands

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Cognition

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Term used to describe the "Dominant" hemisphere of the brain

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Categorical (normally on the left)

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Term used to describe the "non-dominant" hemisphere of the brain

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Representational

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Lesions of the categorical hemisphere results in

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Aphagias

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Lesions of the representative hemisphere results in

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Aprosodia

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What is an aprosodia

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Disorder effecting the emotional content of language

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Emotional, nonverbal, and intuitive procedural memory is handled by the

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Right hemisphere (normally the representative hemisphere)

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Recognition of objects via their form, and recognitions of sounds (ex. music) is facilitated by the

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Representative hemisphere

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A right hemisphere lesion --> agnosia which may manifest iself as the inability to identify what

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Objects when placed in your hand
(Normally in the right temporal or parietal assoc cortex)

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A lesion to the right parietal lobe assoc cortex will manifest as

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Contralateral neglect syndrome

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Patients who are unaware of their right hemisphere disability are commonly unconcerned, euphoric, or unable to recognize emotions in others, and are called

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Anosognosia

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Behavior and motor planning

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Prefrontal cortex

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Maintenance of personality

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Prefrontal cortex

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Organization of thoughts and behaviors w/ self-directed goals

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Prefrontal cortex

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Patient states that people he knows have discussed a change in his character

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Possible lesion in prefrontal cortex

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Patient lacks restraint and shows boastful, physical prowess with little social restraint

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Possible lesion in prefrontal cortex

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Patient is unable too plan for the future

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Possible lesion in prefrontal cortex

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Lesion in Brocas area of left prefrontal cortex results in

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Brocas aphasia

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Brocas aphasia presents as difficulty expressing thoughts in what way

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with spoken language - called expressive, nonfluent motor aphasia

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Lesion of brocas areas may not manifest as spoken aphasia but instead as

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written agraphia

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Lesion of the orbitofrontal cortex will cuase what

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Disconnection of the Prefrontal cortex from the limbic system

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Lesioin of the orbitofrontal cortex results in

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Less profound emotional response
Reduction in anxiety
Lack of inhibition
Lack of initiative
Difficulty in changing strategies

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Performing a lobotomy is essentially the same thing as

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Creating a lesion of the orbitofrontal cortex and disconnecting the prefrontal lobe from the limbic system

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Patients with frontal lobe damage may lack what ability --> difficulty in society

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Restraint (Judgement, Foresight, Delayed Gratification, Self-governance)

Also may lack:
Initiative (Curiosity, Spontaneity)
Order (Abstract reasoning, Working memory)

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Lesions of the temporal and parietal lobes often occur together b/c

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Share same blood supply from the MCA

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DIfficulty in comprehending speech or in reading comprehension due to MCA occlusion

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Wernickes aphagia

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Lesion in the pathways between Wernickes area and Brocas area (The Arcuate Fasciculus) will result in

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Conduction aphagia

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Inability to name objects is due to a lesion of the

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Angular gyrus --> anomic aphasia

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Loss of all language skills: comprehension, reading, speaking, writing

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global aphasia

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Patient cannot identify an onject regardless of their senses are functioning normally

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Temporal lobe lesion --> Agnosia

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Inability to identify an onject by touch alone, regardless of lack of sensory deficit

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Temporal lobe lesion --> Astereognosis

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Inability to recognize old face or remember new faces

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Prosopagnosia

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Loss of ability to carry out skilled movements and gestures (despite desire to do so)

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Apraxia

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The most likely region of the brain effected during Apraxia

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Parietal lobe

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Inability to appreciate emotional aspects of a verbal message
Inability to express emotion in speech
No disturbance of language

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Lesion of parietal lobe in representational hemisphere

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Inability to acknowledge the side of the body (or world) that is contralateral to the representative hemisphere of the brain

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Hemiasomatognosia
(Contralateral Neglect Syndrome)

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The right parietal lobe handles attention for both the left and the right, but the left pariental lobe only handles attention for the right. A lesion of the left parietal lobe causing a loss of attention is not an issue because

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The right parietal lobe compensates

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The right parietal lobe handles attention for both the left and the right, but the left pariental lobe only handles attention for the right. A lesion of the left parietal lobe, and a partial lesion of the left parietal lobe can cause what problem

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Neglect of the right side of the perceived world

Neuro – Block4 – Cerebral Cortical Function – Flashcards

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