NCEA Level 3 Organic Chemistry Reaction Schemes – Flashcards
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H2/Ni or H2/Pt and heat
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Alkene → Alkane
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Br2
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Alkene → dibromoalkane
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HX
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Alkene → Haloalkane
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H2O/H+ and heat
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Alkene → Alcohol
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X2/UV slow
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Alkane → Haloalkane
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NH3 warm
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Haloalkane → Aminoalkane
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KOH(alc) reflux
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Haloalkane → Alkene
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KOH(aq) reflux
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Haloalkane → Alcohol
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cH2SO4
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Alcohol → Alkene
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SOCl2 or PCl3 or PCl5 reflux
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Alcohol → Haloalkane
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Cr2O72-/H+ reflux
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Secondary Alcohol → Keytone
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Cr2O72-/H+ distilled
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Primary Alcohol → Aldehyde
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Cr2O72-/H+ reflux
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Primary Alcohol → Carboxylic acid
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NaBH4 or LiAlH4
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Keytone → Secondary Alcohol
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NaBH4 or LiAlH4
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Aldehyde → Primary Alcohol
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Cr2O72-/H+ reflux
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Aldehyde → Carboxylic acid
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SOCl2
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Carboxylic acid → Acid chloride
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Alcohol and cH2SO4
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Carboxylic acid → Ester
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Base eg. NH3(aq)
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Carboxylic acid → Carboxylate salt
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H2O/H+ (acid hydrolysis)
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Ester → Carboxylic acid + Alcohol
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OH-(aq) (base hydrolysis)
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Ester → Carboxylate salt + Alcohol
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NH3(alc)
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Ester → Primary Amide
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Alcohol
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Acid chloride → Ester
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H2O
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Acid chloride → Carboxylic acid
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NH3(alc)
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Acid chloride → Primary amide
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Primary amine(alc)
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Acid chloride → Secondary amide
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Secondary amine(alc)
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Acid chloride → Tertiary amide
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Dibromoalkane
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Alkene + Br2
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Alkane
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Alkene + H2/Ni and heat
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Alcohol
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Alkene + H2O/H+ and heat
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Haloalkane
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Alkene + HX
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Haloalkane
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Alkane + X2/UV (slow)
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Alkene
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Haloalkane + KOH(alc) reflux
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Aminoalkane
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Haloalkane + NH3 warm
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Alcohol
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Haloalkane + KOH(aq) reflux
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Haloalkane
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Alcohol + SOCl2 or PCl3 or PCl5 reflux
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Alkene
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Alcohol + cH2SO4
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Keytone
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Secondary alcohol + Cr2O72-/H+ reflux
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Carboxylic acid
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Primary alcohol + Cr2O72-/H+ reflux
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Aldehyde
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Primary alcohol + Cr2O72-/H+ distilled
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Ester
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Alcohol + Carboxylic acid + cH2SO4
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Secondary alcohol
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Keytone + NaBH4 or LiAlH4
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Primary alcohol
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Aldehyde + NaBH4 or LiAlH4
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Carboxylate salt
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Carboxylic acid + Base(aq)
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Acid chloride
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Carboxylic acid + SOCl2
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Carboxylic acid
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Acid chloride + H2O
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Ester
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Acid chloride + alcohol
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Primary Amide
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Acid chloride + NH3(alc)
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Secondary Amide
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Acid chloride + primary amine(alc)
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Alcohol + Carboxylic acid
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Ester + H2O/H+ (acid hydrolysis)
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Amide
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Ester + NH3(alc)
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Carboxylate salt + alcohol
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Ester + dil.OH- (base hydrolysis)
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MnO4-(aq)
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Alkene → Diol
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Diol
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Alkene + MnO4-
