NC Civics & Economics Unit 1 & 2 Study Guide – Flashcards
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civics
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the study of the rights and duties of citizens
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illegal immigrants
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those residing in the US without permission from the government
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citizen
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a member of a state or nation who owes allegiance to it by birth or naturalization and is entitled to full citizenship rights
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duty
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an action required by law
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responsibility
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an action citizens should take
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immigrant
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a person that is legally admitted as permanent residence of a country
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government
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the ruling authority of a community, organization that has the power to make and enforce laws
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John Locke
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the English philosopher who developed the social contract theory
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social contract theory
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the theory that humans agree with one another to create a government and give up some freedom to this government in order to promote safety for all
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federalism
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the principle of one central government and several state or local governments
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democracy
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government in which supreme authority rests with the people
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representative democracy
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kind of democracy in which citizens choose a smaller group of people to represent them (We have this in the US)
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direct democracy
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kind of democracy in which citizens vote on each matter proposed to the government (We do not have this in US, well not all the time)
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triangular trade
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trade route between the New World, Africa, and the West Indies
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middle passage
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the brutal passage taken by the slaves from Africa to the New World
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Jamestown
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the first permanent English settlement
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John Smith
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the commander and leader of the Jamestown colony
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indentured servants
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colonists who received free passage to North America in exchange for working without pay for a certain number of years
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Virginia House of Burgesses
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1619. First elected legislative assembly in the New World established in the Colony of Virginia. Served as an early model of elected government in the New World.
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pilgrims
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Group of English Protestant dissenters who established Plymouth Colony in Massachusetts in 1620 to seek religious freedom after having lived briefly in the Netherlands. Mayflower Compat
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puritans
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group of English protestants who settled the Massachusetts bay colony
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Mayflower Compact
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1620 - The first agreement for self-government in America. It was signed by the 41 men on the Mayflower and set up a government for the Plymouth colony.
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John Winthrop
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1588-1649 First governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1630.
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city on a hill
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what John Winthrop said that their Puritan model societies based on Christian principles should be (better than everyone else's societies.)
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Magna Carta
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a written code that limited the power of the English monarchy for the first time; also called the Great Charter
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middle colonies
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New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware-the most diverse
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southern colonies
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Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia
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New England colonies
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Massachusetts, Connecticut, Rhode Island, New Hampshire
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Jamestown
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Founded because colonists were looking for gold
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subsistence farming
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farming that provides for the basic needs of the farmer without surpluses for marketing. Done in New England b/c of Rocky Soil.
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bread basket
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Middle Colonies known for growing grains.
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Maryland
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Other Catholics persecuted and fled to here...
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William Penn
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A Quaker that founded Pennsylvania to establish a place where his people and others could live in peace and be free from persecution.
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Roger Williams
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He founded Rhode Island for separation of Church and State. He believed that the Puritans were too powerful and was ordered to leave the Massachusetts Bay Colony for his religious beliefs.
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Anne Hutchinson
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Puritan dissenter banished from the Massachusetts Bay Colony who fled to Rhode Island in 1638
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Thomas Hooker
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A Puritan minister who led about 100 settlers out of Massachusetts Bay to Connecticut because he believed that the governor and other officials had too much power. He wanted to set up a colony in Connecticut with strict limits on government.
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Georgia
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Founded as debtor's colony
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James Oglethorpe
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founder of Georgia in 1733; soldier, statesman , philanthropist. Started Georgia as a haven for people in debt because of his intrest in prison reform. Almost single-handedly kept Georgia afloat.
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Lord Baltimore
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Founded the colony of Maryland and offered religious freedom to all Christian colonists. He did so because he knew that members of his own religion (Catholicism) would be a minority in the colony.
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Bacon's Rebellion
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uprising among back country farmers in Virginia against the gov't of Jamestown for failing to protect them against Native American attacks. Significance: this was the first revolt or rebellion that happened in the colonies.
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Fundamental Orders of Connecticut
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This document was the first written constitution in the American colonies. It was prepared as the covenant for the new Puritan community in Connecticut, established in the 1630s. This document described a system of government for the new community.
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Maryland Toleration Act
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First law granting protection for all Christian religious groups.
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Massachusetts Bay
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colony known for religious intolerance
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Separatists
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Wanted to break away from the Anglican Church
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Puritans
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Wanted to purify Anglican Church from within
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John Rolfe
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introduced tobacco and helped Jamestown succeed, He was one of the English settlers at Jamestown (and he married Pocahontas). He discovered how to successfully grow tobacco in Virginia and cure it for export, which made Virginia an economically successful colony.
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monarchy
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ruled by a king
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anarchy
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a lack of government and law; confusion
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cash crops
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crops, such as tobacco, sugar, and cotton, raised in large quantities in order to be sold for profit. Produced in southern colonies
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New England Town Meetings
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Democratic style of government. Towns and cities grew around gathering places, and allowed mass participation in politics.
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Zenger Trial
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1735 trial that promoted the idea of freedom of the press in the colonies.
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mercantalism
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The colonies existed to benefit England economically.
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Great Awakening
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A period of religious revival and growth for many denominations
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Saluatory neglect
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the non-enforcement of trade laws in the colonies
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Trade and Navigation Acts
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This ended due to British debt from the French and Indian War
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Proclamation of 1763
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Began to be enforced at the end of the French and Indian War
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Parliament
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Where did the colonists want representation?
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Sugar Act
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an imposed British tax on sugar
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Quartering Act
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required colonists to house British troops
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Stamp Act
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placed a tax on legal documents
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Declaratory Act
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This act said that Parliament shall have the power to make laws that applied to the colonists in "all cases whatsoever."
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Boston Massacre
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Colonists threaten British soldiers. British soldiers open fire resulting in the death of 5 colonists.
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Townshend Act
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Place duties on glass, tea, lead, and paper
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Tea Act
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drove American tea merchants out of business
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Boston Tea Party
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A group of colonists dressed as Indians threw tea into the harbor as a result of the Tea Act
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Intolerable Act
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British imposed these acts as a result of the Boston Tea Party
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CIS Citizen Immigration Services
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the agency responsible for the naturalization process
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E Pluribus Unum
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"out of many, one" meaning the US is a nation of immigrants
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Legal alien
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a person that is legally admitted as a permanent resident of a country
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Senate
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in the US Congress today this body is based on equality and satisfies the New Jersey Plan
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Antifederalists
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This group opposed the ratification of the US Constitution
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House of Representatives
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in the US Congress this body is based on population and satisfies the Virginia Plan
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bicameral
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the type of legislature that the Great Compromise gave the US
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revise the Articles
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the original purpose of the Constitutional Convention
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James Madison
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Father of the US Constitution
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Shay's Rebellion
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led by a group of angry farmers and exposed the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation
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Land Ordinance of 1787
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passed by Congress under the Articles. Established steps for statehood for land around the Ohio River.
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Land Ordinance of 1785
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passed by Congress under the Articles. Established townships from western land and set aside part of that land for the establishment of schools.
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Virginia Plan
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Wanted representation in Congress based on population. This satisfied the larger states.
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New Jersey Plan
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wanted representation in Congress based on equality. This satisfied the small states.
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state
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The Articles outlined a stronger _____ government
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national
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The Articles outlines a weaker _______ government
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Treaty of Paris 1783
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Ended the American Revolution
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9
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number of states needed to ratify the US Constitution
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Federalists
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supported the ratification of the US Constitution. Wanted a stronger national government
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Anti-Federalists
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opposed the ratification of the US Constitution. Wanted stronger state government.
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naturalization
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term for conferring upon an alien the rights and privileges of a citizen
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immigration
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terms for the movement of non-native people into a country in order to settle there
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dictatorship
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a form of government in which the leader has absolute power and authority, usually taken by force
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limited government
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terms from the concept that the the governments is not above the law and therefore is limited in its power
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separation of power
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term from dividing power amongst different branches of government
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popular sovereignty
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term for government's power comes from the consent of the governed
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aristocracy
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form of government in which power is held by ruling elite
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theocracy
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form of government in which officials are regarded as divinely inspired and appointed
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oligarchy
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form of government in which the power to rule is held by a small group
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Jean Jacques Rousseau
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Enlightenment thinker who wrote the text "The Social Contract and Majority Rule"
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de Montesquieu
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Enlightenment thinker who was in favor of separation of powers and checks and balances
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salad bowl
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political theory where people retain "old world" culture and "new world" identity simultaneously
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melting pot
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political theory where immigrants assimilate into a new cultural identity
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unalienable rights
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guaranteed to you the day you are born life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness
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volunteer
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ways to help the community without being paid
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confederation
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loose configuration of states joined for mutual benefit
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Bill of Rights
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the first 10 amendments to the US Constitution
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Bill of Rights
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added to the US Constitution and led to its ratification
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Federalists Papers
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written by Madison, Hamilton, and Jay to persuade others to accept the Constitution
