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NOTE

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World War II was the second major conflict of the twentieth century. It was fought mainly in Europe and and on the islands of the Pacific Ocean.

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Events Leading up to WW11

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Japanese aggression, Rape of Nanjing, Italian agression, and German agression

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Japanese agression

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Japan took over Korea, Manchuria, and much more of Southeast Asia, in order to gain natural reosurces /raw materials like coal and iron.

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Rape of Nanking

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Brutal event in which the Japanese raped killed Chinese civilians in the city of Nanking. It was a major human rights violation.

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Human Rights Violation

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Violations against people's civil rights and liberties by governments

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Italian Agression

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Benito Mussolini of Italy invaded and took over Ethiopia.

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German Agression

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Adolf Hitler violated the Treaty of Versailles in a number of ways. - Hitler built up the German military and drafted soldiers into the army - Hitler placed soldiers in the Rhineland (between Germany and France) - Hitler took over neighboring the neighboring countries Austria, and Czechoslovakia.

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NOTE 2

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World War II took place mainly because very little was done early on to stop Hitler, Mussolini, or Japan.

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League of Nations

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International organization created after WW1 in order to prevent war, It failed to stop Hitler, Mussolini, or Japan.

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Appeasement

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This is a policy where an aggressive nation is given what they want by other nations in order to avoid war.

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Munich Conference

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In Germany, Great Britain appeased Hitler by giving him control of Czechoslovakia, which led Hitler to demand even more land.

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Munich Agreement

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A September 30, 1938, agreement among Germany, Britain, Italy, and France that allowed Germany to annex the region of western Czechoslovakia called the Sudetenland. The Munich Agreement was the most famous example of British prime minister Neville Chamberlain's policy of appeasement prior to World War II.

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NOTE 3

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World War II started when Hitler Invaded Poland in 1939, Three days later Britain and France declared war on Germany.

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Invasion of Poland

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The action by Germany that began World War II in 1939. Germany invaded Poland only days after signing the Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact, under which the Soviet Union agreed not to defend Poland from the east if Germany attacked it from the west. Poland was quickly defeated because they lacked natural boundaries, they have very flat plains which were easy to conquer.

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Nazi-Soviet Non- Agression Pact

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Occurred in 1939. Representatives from Germany and Soviet Union met and signed this which guaranteed that no 2 countries would not attack one another. By signing this pack, Germany had protected itself from having to fight a 2 front war in the soon to begin WWII. Soviets were awarded land, including parts of Poland and the Baltic States.

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Key Events of WW11

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Invasion of Poland Pearl Harbor, Stalingrad D-Day Invasion Bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki The Holocaust

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Pearl Harbor

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Japan launched a suprise attack against the United States, which brought the U.S. into the war.

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Stalingrad

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Hitler failed to conquer Russia at Stalingrad Because of the Harsh climate (severe winter) and larger size of the nation.

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D- Day Invasion

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This was the beginning of the final allied push against Germany, It resulted in the eventual defeat of Germany. They were fighting two countries at once. Paris was also liberated from German control.

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Atomic Bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki

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This was the final event of WW11 The U.S. dropped two atomic bombs on Japan. Japan surrendered soon after.

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Facism

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A political system headed by a dictator that calls for extreme nationalism and racism and has no tolerance for opposition, strong government but takes away your freedom

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Weimar Government

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t Germany's new democratic government set up in 1919.

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Nazi Rise to Power

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World War 1- German War debts, loss of German colonies, wish for revenge Weak Government- Doubts about Weimar Republic, Arguments between political groups, wish to return to a strong leader like the Kaiser Economic Problems- Inflation Worldwide Depression, unemployment, and reparation payments, Leadership (Hitler and the Nazi's - Use of terror and force, Idea of a super race, shift of balance to minority group, propaganda

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Japanese Imperialism

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Need for natural resources, A growing urban population and industrial nation, Military gained more power in government, increased nationalism and desire to expand.

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Five Causes of WW11

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Appeasement, Rise of Dictators, Invasion of Poland, Failure of League of Nations, WW1, and the Treaty of Versailles.

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Allies

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United States, Britain and France, USSR (switched because Hitler broke the Nazi-Soviet Pact)

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Axis

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Germany, Italy, and Japan

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Propoganda

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Ideas spread to influence public opinion for or against a cause (Hitler used this to gain power)

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After Hitler was appointed Chancellor, how did he gain even more control over Germany?

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he passed the enabling act which made him the dictator of Germany, Got rid of parliament and banned all other parties.

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Germany in the 1920s and 1930s

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1919- Chaos after World War I 1923- Hitler's first attempt to overthrow the government: The Beer Hall Putsch Hitler writes Mein Kampf in jail, supports anti-Semitism 1933- Hitler becomes Chancellor of Germany 1935- Nuremberg Laws: segregates Jews 1938- Kristallnacht: first state violence against Jews in Germany

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Modern Warfare of WW11

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Machine Guns, Walkie Talkies, Deadly bombs, Aircraft carriers, Radar, Sonar, Improved airplanes submarines and tanks, also (naval vessels for sea battles).

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Total War

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a war that is unrestricted in terms of the weapons used, the territory or combatants involved, or the objectives pursued, especially one in which the laws of war are disregarded. The army does not just fight but also civilians, this is why there were so many more deaths in WW11 then in WW1.

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Treaty of Versailles

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Created by the leaders victorious allies Nations: 1) surrender of German Territory, 2) reparations to Britain and France, 3) occupation of Rhineland by Allies, 4) Germany had to admit guilt for starting war 5), League of Nations established with Article X, example of multilateralism (WW) 1918, ,

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