Napoleon’s Rise and Fall:Pre-Test – Flashcards
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How did Napoleon come to power?
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Napoleon was a military general before he became consul and he gained a lot of respect from his victories, and he did coup d'etat the government of france and made 3 consuls. after, he made himself the lone ruler and controlled france by himself
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What changes did Napoleon make to his government? (Political)
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-fired corrupt government officials -government officials were appointed by merit rather than because of their position in society -Napoleonic code-unified laws throughout France and made everyone equal before the law -signed peace treaties with Russia, Austria, and Britain -he dissolved the directory and established 3 councils 1 as himself (Coup D'etat) -supported laws that would strengthen the government and achieve some goals of the revolution
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Why did Napoleon fall?
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Napoleon made 3 disastrous mistakes -The continental system -The peninsular war -The invasion of Russia
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What changes did Napoleon make to his government? (Religion)
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-Concordat with Pope Pius VII -Catholicism was not established as the religion of the state -The French gov't could nominate bishops -Napoleon's gov't agreed to pay the salaries of the clergy and it also payed the salaries of protestants, pastors, and Rabbi's.
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What changes did Napoleon make to his government? (Intellectual/Cultural)
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-Napoleon formed schools run by the government called Lycées -Napoleon was portrayed as a war hero in his paintings
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What changes did Napoleon make to his government? (Military)
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-He expanded France to its "natural" boundaries -He obtained all of the land Louis XIV wanted to take over -He tried to gain control of spain which was unsuccessful -He sold Louisiana Purchase to America for money for his wars -He never conquered Britain because his navy wasn't as powerful -Tried to blockade Britain with continental system
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What changes did Napoleon make to his government? (Economic)
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-He set up efficient method of tax collection -He established a national banking system -Sold Louisiana to US for 15 million -Napoleonic code restored slavery in France -Attempted to cripple Britain's trade by not allowing them to trade with anyone else in Europe (Continental System)
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What changes did Napoleon make to his government? (Social)
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-Lycées-gov't public run schools -system of laws called Napoleonic code -He restored slavery and didn't believe in political liberty and freedom of expression -He thought all citizens were equal, no privileges based on birth, and women had no control -Citizens could peruse any occupation they wanted -Women had NO control
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Napoleon
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Leader of France after French Revolution
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Coup d'etat
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Sudden seizure of political power of a nation
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Plebiscite
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A direct vote in which a country's people have the opportunity to approve or reject a proposal. Desperate for strong leadership, the people under Napoleon voted overwhelmingly in favor of the constitution.
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Concordat
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The agreement with Pope Pius VII. It established a new relationship between church and state. The government recognized the influence of the church, but rejected Church control in national affairs. The Concordat granted the Catholic Church special status as the religion of the majority of the French people. It said the French gov't could nominate bishops. The Concordat gained Napoleon the support of the organized church as well as the majority of the French people.
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Napoleonic Code
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A comprehensive system of laws. It gave the country a uniform set of laws and it eliminated many injustices. However, it limited liberty and promoted order and authority over individual rights. Freedom of speech and of the press were restricted under the code and it also restored slavery in the French colonies of the Caribbean.
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Napoleon's Empire
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-He annexed the Austrian Netherlands and parts of Italy to France and set up a puppet government in Switzerland. -Fearful of Napoleon's ambitions, the British persuaded Russia, Austria, and Sweden to join them against France. -Napoleon's empire was huge and unstable and because of this, he could only maintain his empire for 5 years, from 1807 to 1812
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Battle of Trafalgar
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A naval battle against the British in 1805. Napoleon was defeated by the British fleet. The destruction had 2 major results-it ensured the supremacy of the British navy for the next 100 years and it forced Napoleon to give up his plans of invading Britain.
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Continental System
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A blockade to prevent all trade and communication between Great Britain and other European nations. It is called the Continental system because it was supposed to make continental Europe more self-sufficient. Napoleon also intended to destroy Great Britain's commercial and industrial economy. Napoleon's blockade didn't work because smugglers aided by the British managed to bring cargo from Britain to Europe. In addition, Britain responded with its own blockade and because the British had a stronger navy, their blockade worked better.
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Peninsular War
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A conflict lasting from 1808 to 1813 in which Spanish rebels, with aid of British forces fought to drive Napoleon's troops out of Spain. He sent in an invasion force through Spain in order to get Portugal to accept the Continental System. The Spanish people protested and in response, Napoleon removed the spanish king and put in his own brother Joseph, on the thrown. Called the Peninsular War because Spain lies on the Iberian Peninsula.
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Invasion of Russia
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Even though Alexander I had become Napoleon's ally, the Russian Czar refused to stop selling grain to Britain. In addition, the French and Russian rulers suspected each other of having competing designs for Poland. Because of this breakdown in their alliance, Napoleon decided to invade Russia. Napoleon invaded Russia, Alexander I retreated and practiced the scorched-earth policy. On September 7, 1812, the two armies met at the Battle of Borodino. The Russian's fell back allowing Napoleon to enter Moscow. The city was in flames. As the snow and temperature began to fall in early november, Russian raiders attacked Napoleon's ragged, retreating army. Finally, in the middle of december, the last survivors of Napoleon's army straggled out of Russia.
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Hundred Days
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Napoleon's last bid for power. He was defeated by the Duke of Wellington at the Battle of Waterloo. The British then shipped Napoleon to St. Helena where he died.
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Liberalism
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Mostly middle class business leaders and merchants. They wanted to give more power to elected parliaments, but only the educated landowners could vote.
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Conservatism
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Followers were usually wealthy property owners and nobility. They argued for protecting traditional monarchies of Europe.
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Age of Metternich
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After Napoleon's final defeat, 5 major European powers, England, Russia, Prussia, France, and Austria met at the Congress of Vienna in 1814 and 1815 drawing up peace plans and settle a number of important territorial questions by redrawing the map of Europe.
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Congress of Vienna
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A series of meetings in Vienna from 1814-1815, during which the European leaders sought to establish long-lasting peace and security after the defeat of napoleon
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Balance of Power
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No nation should be strong enough to threaten the security of other. To do this, shifts of territory were necessary which involved compensation.
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Napoleon's rise to power
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Bonaparte rose in ranks and won important victories against the British and Austrians He organized the government and put himself in charge By 1799 Napoleon helped overthrow the directory. 3 years later he took the title "Emperor of the French." He had absolute power The French people hoping for stability supported Napoleon at each step of his rise
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Napoleon's fall
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the people of conquered states saw Napoleon as foreign oppressors. inspired the nationalism, people across Europe revolted against french rule. Napoleon invaded Russia in 1812. The " scorched earth policy" of the Russians in which they burned crops and villages as the retreated. This left the French army hungry and cold. Most of Napoleon's army was lost during the Russian cold winter. All alliance with Britain, Russia Austria, and Prussia defeated Napoleon forcing him to step down in 1814.
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In what year did Napoleon crown himself emperor?
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1804
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In 1802, the French people voted to keep Napoleon in power, giving him the right to
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choose his successor.
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Which was a result of the peace conference led by Prince Mitternich of Austria?
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Nationalism began to grow and spread.
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One action Napoleon took that showed he supported some Enlightenment ideals was to
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build schools and universities accessible to the middle class.
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In 1815, Napoleon escaped from Elba in order to
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retake his power as emperor and retain the empire.
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After becoming emperor, why did Napoleon plan to conquer other countries in Europe?
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He wanted to amass as much land as possible for France.
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What was the most significant thing about Napoleon's new constitution?
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It gave Napoleon full control of government.
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After the coup d'etat and the resignation of the Directory, one of the first things Napoleon did was to
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form a military dictatorship.
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Which of these civil liberties was limited under the Napoleonic Code?
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freedom of speech
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What is the most accurate description of Napoleon's One Hundred Days?
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Napoleon escaped from Elba, was defeated at Waterloo, and was exiled again.
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What was the most significant thing about Napoleon's new constitution?
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It gave Napoleon full control of government.
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One action Napoleon took that showed he supported some Enlightenment ideals was to
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build schools and universities accessible to the middle class.
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After becoming emperor, why did Napoleon plan to conquer other countries in Europe?
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He wanted to amass as much land as possible for France.
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Who took control after the fall of both Robespierre and the Committee of Public Safety?
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The military took control under Napoleon as leader.{WRONG
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Napoleon's first defeat in his attempt to take over Europe was
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the Battle of Trafalgar.
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Which of these civil liberties was limited under the Napoleonic Code?
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freedom of speech
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Which is the best description of Napoleon Bonaparte?
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He believed in some Enlightenment ideals but not in social reform.
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What is the name of the comprehensive set of laws passed by Napoleon?
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the Napoleonic Code
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For Europe, the most positive result of the Congress of Vienna was that
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the balance of power was restored.
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Which was a result of the peace conference led by Prince Mitternich of Austria?
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Nationalism began to grow and spread.
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What was Napoleon's title when he presented France with the Napoleonic Codes?
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Emperor{WRONG}
