Myers Psychology 9e Chapter 9 Web Quiz 1&2 – Flashcards

In her research, Professor Kyoto seeks to identify circumstances in which confirmation bias is especially likely to impede effective problem solving. Which specialty area does her research best represent? a. biological psychology b. developmental psychology c. personality psychology d. cognitive psychology

Arnold had difficulty recognizing that bullfighting was a sport because it failed to resemble his ________ of a sport. a. phoneme b. prototype c. algorithm d. heuristic

In attempting to find and purchase high-quality cosmetics, Megan reminds herself that the most expensive brands are the best. Megan's self-reminder illustrates the use of a. an algorithm. b. functional fixedness. c. framing. d. a heuristic.

Because he erroneously believes that older workers are not as motivated as younger workers to work hard, a factory foreman is especially vigilant for any signs of laziness among his senior workers. His supervision strategy best illustrates a. the availability heuristic. b. functional fixedness. c. confirmation bias. d. the representativeness heuristic.

A defense attorney emphasizes to a jury that her client works full-time, supports his family, and enjoys leisure-time hobbies. Although none of this information is relevant to the trial, it is designed to make the defendant appear to be a typical member of the local community. The lawyer is most clearly seeking to take advantage of a. confirmation bias. b. functional fixedness. c. belief perseverance. d. the representativeness heuristic.

Prompt feedback regarding your performance on psychology practice tests is most likely to inhibit a. overconfidence. b. the framing effect. c. functional fixedness. d. linguistic determinism.

When her professor failed to recognize that Judy had her hand raised for a question, Judy began to think her professor was unfriendly. Although she subsequently learned that the professor's limited vision kept him from seeing her raised hand, she continued thinking the professor was unfriendly. Judy's reaction best illustrates a. the framing effect. b. belief perseverance. c. functional fixedness. d. category hierarchies.

The word "chimps" contains ________ phoneme(s) and ________ morpheme(s). a. 5; 2 b. 6; 1 c. 2; 5 d. 1; 6

In the English language, adjectives are typically placed before nouns as in "green car." This illustrates an English language rule of a. semantics. b. algorithms. c. syntax. d. phonemes.

Vocal sounds that are not included in one's native language first begin to disappear from usage during the ________ stage of language development. a. one-word b. two-word c. telegraphic d. babbling

Which language theorist would have been most likely to emphasize that children master the rule for forming the past tense of regular verbs like "push" before they learn common past tense constructions of irregular verbs like "go"? a. Skinner b. Whorf c. Chomsky d. Tversky

Exposure to language during a critical period is instrumental in establishing a child's a. algorithms. b. category hierarchy. c. telegraphic speech. d. language acquisition device.

Due to an automobile accident, Jenny suffered damage to her cerebral cortex in Broca's area. Jenny is most likely to experience a. auditory hallucinations. b. memory loss. c. aphasia. d. paralysis of her left limbs.

During a lecture, your professor says, "A child learns language as he interacts with caregivers." This generic use of the pronoun he is more likely to trigger images of males than of females. This best illustrates the impact of a. language on thinking. b. functional fixedness on problem solving. c. telegraphic speech on universal grammar. d. insight on decision making.

Pigeons can reliably discriminate pictures of cars from pictures of chairs. This best illustrates their capacity to develop a. concepts. b. syntax. c. heuristics. d. algorithms.

To find Tabasco sauce in a large grocery store, you could systematically search every shelf in every store aisle. This best illustrates problem solving by means of a. the availability heuristic. b. functional fixedness. c. an algorithm. d. the representativeness heuristic.

We more quickly recognize that a blue jay is a bird than that a penguin is a bird because a blue jay more closely resembles our ________ of a bird. a. heuristic b. prototype c. algorithm d. phoneme

Max is so used to thinking that a tough competitive style of behavior is the best way to impress others that he fails to recognize that the most effective way to impress his girlfriend is with cooperative tenderness. Max's oversight best illustrates a. a fixation. b. the effect of framing. c. the representativeness heuristic. d. functional fixedness.

Pablo vainly searches for a screwdriver while failing to recognize that a readily available coin in his pocket would turn the screw. His oversight best illustrates a. functional fixedness. b. the availability heuristic. c. belief perseverance. d. the effect of framing.

The easier it is for people to remember an instance in which they were betrayed by a friend, the more they expect such an event to recur. This best illustrates the impact of a. framing. b. the representativeness heuristic. c. functional fixedness. d. the availability heuristic.

Professor Chadwick evaluated a graduate student's research proposal negatively simply because he had heard a rumor about the student's incompetence. When later informed that the rumor had been patently false, the professor's assessment of the student's research proposal remained almost as negative as it was originally. This best illustrates a. the representativeness heuristic. b. the availability heuristic. c. belief perseverance. d. framing.

Students are more likely to choose a condom that is said to be effective when informed that it has a 95 percent success rate than when told it has a 5 percent failure rate. This best illustrates the impact of a. framing. b. confirmation bias. c. functional fixedness. d. the representativeness heuristic.

Native German speakers who pronounce the English word "this" as "dis" are demonstrating their difficulty with an English a. morpheme. b. prototype. c. phoneme. d. heuristic.

When you add s to the word apple you are referring to more than one apple. This illustrates an English language rule of a. semantics. b. algorithms. c. syntax. d. telegraphic speech.

The two-word stage of language development typically begins at the age of ________ months. a. 6 b. 10 c. 24 d. 36

The fact that children speak with an accent that is similar to that of their peers is best explained by ________ theory of language acquisition. a. Skinner's b. Whorf's c. Chomsky's d. Tversky's

In which of the following parts of the brain would a lesion most likely result in aphasia? a. amygdala b. hypothalamus c. Wernicke's area d. cerebellum

Brain scans reveal that different ________ are activated when we process verbs rather than nouns. a. algorithms b. heuristics c. neural networks d. critical periods

Using different words for two very similar objects enables people to recognize conceptual distinctions between the objects. This illustrates a. telegraphic speech. b. linguistic determination. c. functional fixedness. d. the representativeness heuristic.

Rico, the border collie, can fetch 200 items by name. If asked to retrieve a toy with a name he has never heard before, Rico will fetch an object that is a. a prototype. b. unfamiliar. c. most easily available. d. broken.