question

Containment

answer

the U.S. policy to stop the spread of communism

question

East Germany built the Berlin Wall, with Soviet approval, in order to _______________

answer

keep East Berliners from fleeing to the West

question

What is the best definition of a superpower?

answer

a country that influences events with its military and economic power

question

What was the basic reason for the Cold War?

answer

there was fear and mistrust between the Western Allies and the Soviet Union

question

Why did the Soviets think that Western nations might invade the Soviet Union after World War II?

answer

the Soviet Union had been invaded by Napoleon and the Germans

question

What were some of the goals of the Marshall Plan?

answer

to help Europe rebuild, to stop the spread of communism, to build strong trading partners for the United States

question

NATO was formed in 1949. What was the main goal of its members?

answer

to help defend each other if they were attacked

question

What steps did Japan take to become a democratic nation after World War II?

answer

putting its military leaders on trial for war crimes, writing a new constitution, setting up a parliamentary government

question

Who was the commander of the occupation forces in Japan?

answer

Douglas MacArthur

question

How did China become a communist nation?

answer

the communists gained control after a long civil war

question

What were the results of the Korean War?

answer

the communist government controlled North Korea and the democratic government controlled South Korea

question

Why didn't the United States and its Western allies stop the construction of the Berlin Wall or the repression of the Hungarian Revolution?

answer

they did not want to provoke the Soviet Union, and the areas were already communist

question

One result of the Great Leap Forward was the death of ___________________ million people

answer

twenty

question

One of the goals of Mao's _______________ Revolution was to eliminate all traces of capitalism and Western influences in China

answer

Cultural

question

The main idea of the section titled "Castro's Cuba" was that the _______________ was heavily involved in the internal affairs of Cuba

answer

United States

question

What is the last even in the time line?

answer

Castro becomes leader of the new revolutionary government

question

What were the goals of Mao's "Great Leap Forward"?

answer

he wanted to make China a great industrial power

question

A great rift developed between China and the Soviet Union after Nikita Krushchev assumed power. Mao strongly objected to Krushchev's policy of _______________

answer

peaceful coexistence with capitalist nations

question

When Mao launched the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution, he wanted to rid China of what?

answer

capitalism, Western influence, traditional Chinese cultural

question

Before Fidel Castro assumed power in 1959, _______________

answer

Americans had played an active role in the economy and politics of Cuba

question

How did Fidel Castro become the leader of Cuba?

answer

he overthrew the dictator in a revolution

question

John F. Kennedy was the president of the United States during _______________

answer

the Cuban Missile Crisis

question

Why did American officials make plans to invade Cuba?

answer

they were alarmed to see communism gaining a foothold in the Western Hemisphere

question

How did Americans feel after the Bay of Pigs invasion?

answer

humiliated

question

What best describes the Cuban Missile Crisis?

answer

Soviets build nuclear missile sites in Cuba, American spy planes photograph missile sites, Americans establish a naval blockade around Cuba, Krushchev calls blockade an act of aggression, U.S. attorney general and Soviet ambassador discuss solution, Soviets remove missiles in Cuba and Americans end blockade and pledge not to invade, Americans remove missiles from Turkey

question

As television developed in Europe after World War II, it was mostly controlled or funded by national _______________

answer

governments

question

The invention of the _______________ in the 1950s allowed engineers to build smaller, faster, and more reliable computers

answer

transistor

question

How did television affect Americans in the late 1940s and early 1950s?

answer

it had the tendency to bring people together in social settings

question

The invention of television is a good example of how _______________

answer

inventions often rely on previous inventions and innovations

question

How did the space race between the United States and the Soviet Union affect the Cold War?

answer

the space race caused tensions to rise between the superpowers

question

What event started the space race and made Americans feel their security was threatened?

answer

the launch of Sputnik

question

Whose efforts in Mexico helped start the Green Revolution?

answer

Norman Borlaug

question

What was the goal of the Green Revolution?

answer

to increase crop yields through the use of technology and modern agricultural methods

question

Although the Green Revolution helped prevent famine and starvation in many places, there were several unintended, negative consequences as well... what were they?

answer

the use of artificial fertilizers harmed the environment in many areas in many regions, there has been significant depletion in topsoil nutrients irrigation projects have resulted i salinization in some regions

question

What is Jonas Salk known for?

answer

developing a vaccine to prevent polio

question

What helped create a "global village" and the emergence of a new international popular culture?

answer

technology, such as television, artificial satellites, radio, and movies

question

Why were some people concerned about the new pop culture and "global village" in the 1960s?

answer

they were concerned that local cultures would disappear in an international pop culture

question

Which of the following are examples of culture finding its way from other countries in the United States?

answer

yoga Nehru jackets sitar music

question

One twentieth-century document that supported the concept of self-determination was the United Nation _______________

answer

Charter

question

Gandhi led a march to the sea in 1930 to gather _______________ in commemoration of the Amritsar Massacre

answer

salt

question

Ho Chi Minh was a dedicated _______________

answer

Marxist

question

There were four primary reasons why it was common for newly independent nations in Africa to experience violence and civil war. These included: no history of self-government, no preparation, the influence of outside powers, and tensions among various _______________ groups

answer

ethnic

question

By the end of World War II, many Westerners believed that people had the right to self-determination and self-government. Many Western imperial nations no longer had the enthusiasm or resources to rule faraway countries. This led to which of the following?

answer

decolonization

question

Mahatma Gandhi helped India achieve independence through the use of _______________

answer

civil disobedience

question

Which of the following best explains the reason the Indian subcontinent was partitioned into two nations--India and Pakistan?

answer

most of the population was divided into two main religions... Hinduism and Islam

question

India's first prime minister, Jawaharlal Nehru, maintained a policy of nonalignment. This meant he _______________

answer

avoided becoming an ally of either the United States or the Soviet Union

question

After France pulled out of Vietnam, the country was divided into two nations, with _______________ ruling North Vietnam

answer

Ho Chi Minh

question

Why did Cold War tensions rise in the years after the creation of North and South Vietnam?

answer

the United States supported South Vietnam, hoping to keep communism from spreading in Southeast Asia

question

What form of government did Gamal Abdul Nasser believe was best for transforming Egypt into a modern nation?

answer

socialism

question

Most newly independent nations in Africa faced several problems, including _______________

answer

widespread violence would often occur because of tensions among various ethnic groups power would often go back and forth between civilian and military rulers civil war would often break out as different factions fought to rule the country

question

Although civil war and widespread violence did not break out after South Africa gained its independence, the new country struggled with what?

answer

a segregated society in which the majority of the population were second-class citizens

question

Which of the following was one way in which countries were able to pressure South Africa into ending its policy of apartheid?

answer

imposing economic sanctions and not allowing South Africa in the Olympics

question

After the Six Day War, the leader of the PLO was _______________

answer

Yasser Arafat

question

Who invited Sadat and Begin to meet at Camp David and negotiate for peace in the Middle East?

answer

Jimmy Carter

question

What did the United Nations propose be done to Palestine after World War II?

answer

divide Palestine into two states--one for the Jews and one for the Arabs

question

Why did Arab invade Israel in 1948?

answer

they wanted to reclaim the region for Palestinian Arabs

question

What were the consequences of the 1948 Arab-Israeli War?

answer

thousands of Palestinians became refugees many Arabs began blaming the West for the region's conflicts Israeli's Arab neighbors refused to recognize Israel's right to exist

question

Today, Palestinians are people living in the Middle East who are _______________ and were originally from Palestine (or can trace their ancestry back to Palestine)

answer

Arab

question

Gamal Abdul Nasser believed that Arab nations should _______________

answer

be politically united in their actions

question

In what way were the Baathists similar to Nasser?

answer

both wanted to forge a single, large, secular, socialist Arab nation

question

The leader of the PLO after the Six Day War, _______________, used _______________ against Israel

answer

Yasser Arafat; guerrilla warfare

question

Which of the following statements regarding outcomes of the Six Day War is true?

answer

Israel more than tripled in size, winning territory from Egypt, Syria, and Jordan

question

Which statements regarding oil in the Middle East are true?

answer

oil-producing nations formed a cartel in order to fix oil prices and control competition oil-producing nations discovered they could use oil as an economic weapon against the West Islamist groups believed that oil revenue was helping to cause a shift to Western culture and values

question

In 1978, U.S. President Jimmy Carter hosted peace negotiations between Egypt's Anwar Sadat and Israel's _______________

answer

Menachem Begin

question

Communist leaders outside of Czechoslovakia were very alarmed about the Prague Spring because they also believe in the _______________ theory

answer

domino

question

What was the final outcome of the Soviet invasion of Czechoslovakia?

answer

Soviet leaders replace reform-minded Czech officials

question

Which revolution first convinced U.S. officials they had to stop the spread of communism in the Western Hemisphere?

answer

Fidel Castro's revolution in Cuba

question

What was the traditional policy of the United States toward foreign powers in Latin America?

answer

the United States would intervene in Latin American affair when it felt its interests were at risk

question

Who was Joaquín Balaguer?

answer

the ruler of the Dominican Republic who used military force to control the country

question

The United States sent troops to the Dominican Republic to _______________

answer

contain communism

question

Who was Salvador Allende?

answer

a ruler of Chile who nationalized foreign-owned businesses

question

The effort to ease the tensions between the United States and USSR in the 1970s was known as _______________

answer

détente

question

What treaties between the United States and the Soviet Union put limitations on nuclear weapons?

answer

SALT

question

Who ruled the anticommunist government of South Vietnam and was backed by the United States?

answer

Ngo Dinh Diem

question

One of the reasons for direct U.S. military involvement in the Vietnam War was the domino theory. How did this theory apply to Southeast Asia?

answer

if South Vietnam fell to communism, all of Southeast Asia would follow

question

Who was North Vietnam's communist ruler?

answer

Ho Chi Minh

question

What best traces the major phases of U.S. involvement in Vietnam?

answer

Eisenhower sent American military advisers to South Vietnam to train the regime's army Kennedy sent 3,000 military advisers, helicopters, and American pilots to South Vietnam Johnson urged Congress to pass the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution, and sent more American soldiers to Vietnam The Tet Offensive pushed a majority of Americans to oppose the war Nixon announced a Vietnamization plan--withdrawing U.S. troops without the appearance of defeat

question

Which of the following are causes or results of the Soviet invasion of Czechoslovakia?

answer

the reforms of the Prague Spring occurred in 1968 the manifesto called "The Two Thousand Words" was published Dubcek was expelled from the KSC and demoted

question

Who led the communist superpower when the Soviets invaded Czechoslovakia during the Prague Spring?

answer

Leonid Brezhnev

question

Who tried to establish "socialism with a human face" in Czechoslovakia?

answer

Alexander Dubcek

question

How did Alexander Solzhenitsyn dissent against the Soviet Union?

answer

by writing novels that described the atrocities in the Soviet Union

question

The Helsinki Accords recognized the Soviet Union's control of _______________

answer

Eastern Europe

question

Perestroika means _______________

answer

restructuring

question

Which of the following events happened in 1990?

answer

Poland's communist government falls; Lech Walesa becomes president

question

The Russian novelist and dissident who was exiled for writing about oppression in the Soviet Union was _______________

answer

Alexander Solzhenitsyn

question

The Muslim rebels who fought against the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan in the 1980s were called _______________

answer

mujahideen

question

The Soviet war in Afghanistan was often equated with the U.S. conflict in _______________

answer

Vietnam

question

Which U.S. president referred to the Soviet Union as an "evil empire"?

answer

Ronald Reagan

question

Why did the Soviet press call Margaret Thatcher the "Iron Lady"?

answer

she demonstrated an unbending opposition to communism

question

Mikhail Gorbachev

answer

- young leader of the Soviet Union - an energetic and quick-witted idealist - enemy of corruption and inefficiency - believed in reforms for the Soviet Union

question

Gorbachev advocated changes to make the Soviet system work more efficiently. He called for perestroika, which means _______________

answer

restructuring

question

Even bolder than perestroika was Gorbachev's call for glasnost, which is based on the idea of _______________

answer

openness of speech and expression

question

How did Gorbachev's reforms affect the Soviet Union satellite states?

answer

the people increased their demands for more freedom from Communist Party rule

question

What do the Helsinki Accords, the words of Pope John Paul II, Solidarity, and glasnost all have in common?

answer

they helped bring an end to communism in Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union

question

Who was the Solidarity leader who called for greater freedom and an end to censorship in Poland?

answer

Lech Walesa

question

Which Eastern European country was the first to test Gorbachev's spirit of glasnost by carrying out the following actions: allowing independent political parties following parliamentary vote, holding a memorial service for 20,000 people who died in the 1956 uprising, reburying the premier who had led the 1956 uprising, writing a new constitution allowing free elections, and opening its border with Austria?

answer

Hungary

question

In which country did the communist government give up power in a peaceful transition and Vaclav Havel became the democratically elected president?

answer

Czechoslovakia

question

In which country did Lech Walesa become president after the communist government fell?

answer

Poland

question

In _______________, crowds stormed government buildings and overthrew the communist regime

answer

Romania

question

After the end of the Cold War, many nations in Africa faced civil war or _______________

answer

famine

question

Who did Islamists believe had contaminated the Muslim world?

answer

Westerners

question

Who was the Muslim cleric who opposed many of the shah's reforms and became Iran's leader after his supporters forced the shah to flee Iran?

answer

Ayatollah Khomeini

question

Life in Afghanistan under the Taliban regime _______________

answer

was oppressive, especially for women

question

Which of the following is true of the period immediately following the end of the cold war?

answer

a strong U.S. economy helped fuel the world economy many people around the world were hopeful that government would focus on education and healthcare famine and civil war plagued parts of Africa

question

Which is not true?

answer

ethnic and religious tensions in the Middle East and Eastern Europe faded

question

What are the reasons that militant Islamists resent the West?

answer

Western nations colonized the Middle East and profited from the resources there The U.S. strongly supported Israel Middle Eastern rulers and businessmen often adopted Western styles and culture The U.S. supported dictators in some Middle Eastern nations

question

What led to massive riots and demonstrations, and culminated in the Islamic Revolution in Iran in 1978?

answer

the ayatollahs objected to the shah's openness to Western influences

question

What do Hezbollah, Hamas, and the Taliban have in common?

answer

all use terror to try to achieve their goals and all want to establish governments based on strict Islamic law

question

How was life in Afghanistan under the Taliban?

answer

- activities like dancing, chess, and kite-flying are banned - computers, televisions, and stereos are forbidden - women must wear burkas - girls may not go to school after the age of eight - those who violate the law can be stoned to death

question

How did Saddam Hussein's government in Iraq differ from the governments of Iran and Afghanistan?

answer

Saddam Hussein's government was secular (nonreligious)

question

Osama bin Laden

answer

- born in Saudi Arabia to a wealthy family - devoted to the Muslim Brotherhood and anti-Western militant Islamism - considered the presence of U.S. troops in Saudi Arabia an affront to Islam - a founder of al Qaeda, headquartered in Afghanistan - masterminded the 9/11 attacks on the U.S.

question

What argument did the United States make for invading Iraq in 2003?

answer

reports indicated that Iraq was stockpiling weapons of mass destruction

question

What is the definition of terrorism?

answer

the planned use of violence to strike fear in people or governments in order to obtain political goals

question

One of the milestones in the development of computers occurred in 1946, when engineers at the University of Pennsylvania built _______________

answer

ENIAC

question

It is common to see _______________ technology in poor and undeveloped countries, because it's less expensive to build towers than to string wires across vast expanses

answer

wireless

question

What is one way World War II affected Western women?

answer

the war pushed women to question their role in society

question

Who said the following: "The more I learned about the use of pesticides, the more appalled I became... What I discovered was that everything which meant most to me as a naturalist was being threatened..."?

answer

Rachel Carson

question

How did the "second wave of feminism" affect society?

answer

many more women went to college or entered the workforce

question

What was the "Feminine Mystique"?

answer

the idea that only women devoted solely to their husbands, children and homes were feminine

question

Who was the first woman to travel in space?

answer

Valentina Tereshkova

question

When did the world begin a steady movement toward widespread representative government?

answer

after the American and French revolutions

question

Why did Latvia, Lithuania, and Estonia have an easier time transitioning to democracy than the other republics of the former Soviet Union?

answer

they had a tradition of democratic government

question

How has the Chinese government responded to calls for freedom since the demonstration in Tiananmen Square?

answer

it has allowed more economic freedom

question

On which of the following continents do people experience the greatest political freedom?

answer

Europe

question

When Nigeria became independent in 1960 it seemed poised for prosperity and a strong democratic government. Why did democracy stumble in Nigeria?

answer

ethnic rivalries erupted and plunged the country into civil war

question

One of the reasons it is difficult to record the recent past is because some of the _______________ is missing

answer

evidence

question

In 2000, the life expectancy was about __________ years

answer

77

question

Development includes economic growth, in addition to human development, such as providing for health, nutrition, a clean environment, and _______________

answer

education

question

On which continent were the bottom five countries in the most recent Human Development Index (HDI) located?

answer

Africa

question

Every year, the United Nations Development Program rates a nation's development according to the Human Development Index (HDI). The HDI measures the overall quality of life in a country based on certain factors. Which of the following is not a factor the index uses?

answer

access to childcare and retirement benefits

question

Which are factors?

answer

health and life expectancy education and literacy standard of living

question

Which of the following best describes a developed nation?

answer

- industrialized - good systems of education - high literacy rate - good health care - access to telecommunication systems

question

A poor country that is moving toward development and is trying to improve the standard of living of its people is called a _______________

answer

developing nation

question

In the past few decades, advancements in _______________ and fewer barriers to trade have resulted in globalization

answer

technology

question

Advances in _______________ technology have been a principal factor in the current wave of increased globalization

answer

information

question

What is urbanization?

answer

the movement of people from rural areas to cities

question

Which of the following describes the largest migration in the world today?

answer

people heading to the cities from the countryside

question

What is globalization?

answer

the global exchange of goods, services, capital, people, and information

question

These are: to reduce barriers to commerce, adopt free-market economic systems, establish inter-nation agreements to promote trade?

answer

major government policies that have increased globalization

question

Digital technology, fiber optics, and microprocessors are _______________

answer

advanced technologies that have increased globalization

question

Which of the following is least likely to be caused by globalization?

answer

increased command economies globally

question

Why would an American entrepreneur who is starting a business of manufacturing umbrellas and selling them in the United States need to be knowledgeable of international trade laws?

answer

- he may end up importing raw materials from South America - he may end up purchasing umbrella components from East Asia - he may end up outsourcing production of one component to Southeast Asia - etc.

question

Why have some countries provided incentives for families to send their girls to school?

answer

cultural resistance to educating females has resulted in inequality between males and females in education

question

Which of the following best describes how increased globalization has changed women's status in the world economy?

answer

globalization has resulted in a demand for women in monetized sectors of work (work outside of home)

question

In what year was energy usage per capita in the United States greatest--1973, 1983, or 1992?

answer

1973

question

In the United States, about what percentage of the average family's energy bill is spent on heating and cooling?

answer

49

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