Music Appreciation: Unit 3 - Beginnings of music - Flashcards

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Baroque - Ornament

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the period of artistic history from about 1600-1750, when the highly ornamental, expressive style of art, literature, and music flourished in Europe

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Classical - Orderly

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the period of artistic history from about 1750-1820, characterized by orderliness

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Medieval - Religion

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the period of artistic history before 1450, characterized by religious emphasis and themes

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Renaissance - Man

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the period of artistic history from about 1450-1600, when artistic style moved away religious themes to a more man-centered focus

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Romantic - Emotion

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the period of artistic history from about 1820-1900, characterized by a highly emotional, imaginative style

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20th Century - Diversity

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the period of artistic history from about 1900-2000, with a style characterized by embracing new ideas and throwing off constraints

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Feudal society gave equal educational and artistic opportunities to men and women alike.

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false

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The center of musical development during the Medieval period was _____.

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religion

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Men

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played the most vital musical role in Medieval music.

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One of the ways the church taught the peasants was through _____.

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pictures and scenes built into church architecture

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Choose the incorrect statement.

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Subsequent eras of history follow one another precisely with little overlap of trends

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Which artistic category was not prevalent during Medieval times?

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all of the arts were prevalent

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Feudalism was based on _____ and military protection.

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Land ownership

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Medieval education was typically provided by _____ to the _____.

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Monks, nobility

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The language of learning was _______ during the Medieval era.

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Latin

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Cantus Firmus

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a borrowed chant that was the basis for a new composition

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Liturgical Music

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music for public, religious rituals

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Mass

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a Roman Catholic public religious service

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Minstrel

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a traveling musician

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Modes

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scales used in Medieval music

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Medieval Motet

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a line of borrowed chant with new melodies and text arranged above the chant

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Ordinary

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music of the mass with unchanging text

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Organum

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first polyphonic music, in which other voice parts are added to a plainchant

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Plainchant

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modal monophonic vocal melody set to Latin texts and typically used in a mass

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Proper

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music of the mass with text that changed depending on the occasion

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Secular

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non-religious

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troubadour, trouvere

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French court minstrels

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Classicism

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adherence to the principles of philosophy, art, etc., of ancient Greek and Rome

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Humanism

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man-centered philosophy

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Which of the following is not typical of Medieval music?

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mainly instrumental

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The mass includes two categories of text. Which section of text is always unchanging, no matter the calendar day or music used?

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Ordinary

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Organum was first developed by religious singers adding another melody directly above the chant and mirroring the chant line.

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true

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Medieval music is characterized by _______ tonality.

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Modal

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Which style of polyphony uses a borrowed chant and arranges several new melodies and texts above and unrelated to the chant?

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motet

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Which medieval composer wrote a theory paper on the importance of new rhythms?

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Philippe de Vitry

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The texture of medieval music is typically _____ or _____.

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monophonic and polyphonic

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The composer Machaut helped establish the _____ form in Medieval music.

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motet

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A _____ is most like a madrigal in theme and voicings.

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chanson

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Choose the term below that you would not find as a musical part of the Medieval mass.

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Agnus Organum

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What invention forever changed education and learning in the Renaissance period?

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Printing press

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Feudal society flourished during the Renaissance period.

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false

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The philosophy of _______ exalts man, the mind, and creativity.

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humanism

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Which of the following had an effect on the Renaissance arts?

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Roman architecture fascination with the human body Increased education

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Although musical patronage still existed from the church during the Renaissance, who else began to hire personal musicians?

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royalty

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The movable-type printing press was _____ than previous printing methods.

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faster

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Who has been called the "True Renaissance Man" for his work in a variety of fields?

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Leonardo de Vinci

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What time period do we call the Renaissance era?

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1450-1600

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Cities and trade ________ during the Renaissance period.

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grew

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________ and _________ were prevalent in the Renaissance.

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Exploration and discovery

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Chorale

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a vernacular hymn

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Imitative polyphony

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multiple voice texture of independent melodies incorporating phrase imitation, which was predominant in Renaissance music

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Madrigal

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Italian secular polyphonic song most famous during the Renaissance 4-6 part

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Chanson

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a secular French polyphonic song set to poetry 3-4 parts

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Renaissance motet

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sacred polyphonic choral piece for four+ voices in a simple, imitative style set to a single text

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Word painting

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using melody, harmony, or rhythm to show the meaning of musical text

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Guillame Dufay (c 1400-1474)

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A French composer, Dufay was the leading motet writer of his day and actually spanned both the Medieval and Renaissance periods. He also experimented with the cantus firmus mass long before it came into vogue in Renaissance music.

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Johannes Ockeghem (c. 1430-95)

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Known for his excellent bass voice, Ockeghem was a composer of masses, motets, and chansons. His strengths were imitative polyphony and word painting, but his actual musical output was relatively small. Probably his most notable characteristic was the fact that he taught the most famous Renaissance composer, Josquin des Prez.

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Josquin des Prez (c. 1450-1521)

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Josquin was so well-known and loved in his day that he is actually remembered by only his first name! Those that lived during his lifetime readily acknowledged his musical genius and ability as a composer, performer, and teacher. He was a prolific, inventive composer who wrote mainly religious music, but dabbled in secular composition as well.

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Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina (c. 1524-94)

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In contrast to Josquin, Giovanni Pierluigi is usually called by the town where he's from—Palestrina. This late Renaissance composer was Josquin's successor and wrote a plethora of music, including more than 100 masses, many volumes of secular songs, and 250 motets! For his prolific output of pure, serene music, he earned the nickname the "prince of music."

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Giovanni Gabrieli (1557-1612)

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wrote the first instrumental piece in "surround sound." His "Canzon in Double Echo" was written for three brass ensembles who positioned in different balconies and lofts of St. Mark's Church where Gabrieli was employed. The ensembles imitated and "answered" each other musically creating a stereo or surround sound effect.

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Which of the following characterizes Renaissance music?

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imitative polyphony often printed religious in nature

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If you were analyzing a Renaissance piece and found a quick, rapid rhythm accompanying the word "running," you would call it _____.

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word painting

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Medieval and Renaissance motets both incorporate multiple languages within a single piece.

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false

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Martin Luther significantly popularized the ________ form.

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chorale

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Which of the following is not a Renaissance composer?

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Philippe de Vitry he was a medieval composer

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If you lived in the Renaissance, where would you be most likely to sing a madrigal?

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after a dinner party

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Which composer carries the title "prince of music?"

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Palenstrina

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Medieval and Renaissance musical styles are predominantly _____.

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religious

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A Renaissance chorale cannot be _____.

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a and b

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Affections

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human emotions

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Opera

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a grand staged drama put to music

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Patron

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a person or institution who hired and paid an artist for personal use

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Philosophical thought in baroque times tended toward __________ at this time.

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rationalism

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Which of the following books were produced during the Baroque period?

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Robinson Crusoe Pilgrim's Progress KJV Bible

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Which of the following is not an accurate nickname for the Baroque Era?

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age of humanism

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Baroque society was _____ than that of the Renaissance or Medieval periods.

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wealthier healthier more concerned with rules

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The term "baroque" still holds a somewhat negative connotation today.

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false

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Basso Continuo

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a Baroque figured-bass part, usually played by a keyboard instrument and a low string instrument

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Doctrine of Affections

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the theory that certain melodic, harmonic, or rhythmic patterns would invoke certain human emotions

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Equal Tempermant

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an octave that is tuned in 12 equal tones to avoid unpleasant sounds

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Figured Bass

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a numbering system that indicates bass harmony

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Monody

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a texture characterized by a solo voice with instrumental accompaniment

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Terraced Dynamics

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abrupt volume changes

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The Doctrine of the Affections, which was widely used in Baroque music, stated that _____.

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music should invoke a certain emotion or mood

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Which element does not belong in this list? Characteristics of Baroque Music

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mainly religious

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Which vocal textures were preferred during the Baroque period?

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monody homophonic

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A basso continuo is provided by a keyboard and low stringed instrument playing the figured bass accompaniment.

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true

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_____ is a favored Baroque vocal texture.

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Monody and Homophony

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Cantata

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a small unstaged opera-like work with a secular or sacred theme

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Clavichord

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a piano-like instrument with a very small keyboard

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Concerto

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an instrumental work showcasing a soloist or small ensemble, with orchestral accompaniment

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Counterpart

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the combining of two or more melodies coherently to create musical harmony without the help of chords

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Fugue

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a form in which themes are introduced and imitated in counterpoint style

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Genre

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a large category of works in similar form or style

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Libretto

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the words of an opera or oratorio

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Oratorio

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a large-scale sacred dramatic work without staging or costumes

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Prelude

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a short piece used to introduce a longer composition

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Sonata

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an instrumental work of several movements

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Suite

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a series of dance pieces

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Toccata

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a creative keyboard form usually introducing a fugue and showcasing the performer's finger technique

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Which term literally means "to sing" and is therefore a vocal genre?

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cantata

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Which of these genres use a libretto?

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Opera or Oratorio

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Which of the following would not be appropriate when performing a Baroque keyboard fugue?

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vocal ensemble

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A ______ often introduced a fugue.

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prelude

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Baroque composers wrote very few large-scale sacred vocal pieces.

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false

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Suites were typically _____ works.

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instrumental dances

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The _____ is known for its difficult passages, stunning scale work, and a propensity to highlight a performer's virtuosity.

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toccata

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Aria

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a lyrical solo song expressing deep emotion

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Comic Opera

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a shorter opera with light themes and often humorous characters

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Da Capo Aria

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a lyrical solo song in ternary form

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Opera Seria

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a serious opera based on a heroic or tragic story

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Proscenium

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a stage surrounded by a large frame through which the audience views the drama

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Recitative

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a speech-like song with minimal accompaniment

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When opera began, its primary purpose was to showcase virtuoso instrumentalists.

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false

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The development of the proscenium stage _________ the production of Baroque opera.

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enhanced

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Which of the following would you least expect to see at a Baroque opera?

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contemporary story line

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Choose the terms that are synonymous with "comic opera."

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opera buffa Ballad opera opera comique

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An operatic _____ most closely resembles human speech and is used to transfer information quickly in song.

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recitative

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Which composer is responsible for the oldest English opera that's still performed today?

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Purcell

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Choose the true statement.

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Monteverdi wrote the first great Italian opera to exhibit grand Baroque opera form.

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Overtures

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instrumental pieces introducing an opera or oratorio

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Program Music

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music that corresponds with a literary or pictorial idea

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Program Music

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music that corresponds with a literary or pictorial idea

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Bach

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Germany

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Handel

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England

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Vivaldi

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Italy

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Which composer had the nickname the "red priest" because of his early vocation and the color of his hair?

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Vivaldi

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Which composer(s) were born into musical families?

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Bach Vivaldi

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Bach

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is considered the master of counterpoint in Baroque music.

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_______ Messiah is a sacred oratorio.

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Handel's

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Although all three significant Baroque composers created concertos, _____ is considered the master of the concerto.

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Vivaldi

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Which texture is defined as a solo vocalist accompanied by instruments?

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monody

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A harmonic notation that uses a numbering system and single bass note to identify complete harmonies is called _____ .

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figured bass

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_____ and instrumental music were the two greatest musical developments of the Baroque era.

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Opera

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Baroque music differs from Medieval and Renaissance music in its use of _______________.

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major/minor tonality

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Baroque composers were quite concerned with communicating a single affection in each of their compositions.

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true

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Which type of music was prominent in the Baroque?

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vocal and instrumental

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Compared to composers in previous eras of music history, Baroque composers created ______ forms and genres.

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more

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The _____, known for extremely difficult passages and impressive scales, impressed audiences with the performer's abilities.

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toccata

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Which elements would you expect to find as part of an opera?

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changing scenery aria recitative costumes

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Who is credited with writing the first great Baroque opera?

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Monteverdi

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Name the greatest Baroque composer, whose life and works affected many composers which came after him and gives us a standard by which to judge music from this time period.

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Bach

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______ was a Baroque Italian composer known for writing over 500 concertos.

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Vivaldi

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In a paragraph of no less than 125 words, give at least two reasons why Baroque music is performed for and enjoyed by modern audiences more than Medieval and Renaissance music. Explain your answer.

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One reason that Baroque music is performed and enjoyed by modern audiences more than Medieval or Renaissance music is because of the printing press that came during the Baroque period. This allowed music and the stories behind their composers to be preserved to this day. Another factor is that medieval and renaissance music were more focused on religious things rather than entertainment. Baroque music was the first starts from religious music to entertaining operas or focus on the technique of a song. Religious songs are enjoyable but music designed to entertain can reach a larger audience, another reason why Baroque music is more enjoyed by modern audiences. It is also possible that baroque composers had more musical training than the medieval or renaissance composers. They were able to see the historic varieties of music and compose in ways that would convey a certain feeling of emotion when you heard it.

Music Appreciation: Unit 3 – Beginnings of music – Flashcards

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