question

In 1857, the Supreme Court ruled in the Dred Scott decision that

answer

protection of slavery was guaranteed in all the territories of the West

question

Harriet Beecher Stowe's novel, Uncle Tom's Cabin

answer

intended to show the cruelty of slavery.

question

Uncle Tom's Cabin may be described as

answer

a powerful political force

question

As a result of reading Uncle Tom's Cabin, many northerners

answer

would have nothing to do with the enforcement of the Fugitive Slave Law

question

The roots of Harriet Beecher Stowe's antislavery sentiments lay in the

answer

evangelical religious revivals of the Second Great Awakening

question

Hinton R. Helper's book, The Impending Crisis of the South, argued that those who suffered most from slave labor were

answer

nonslaveholding southern whites

question

In "Bleeding Kansas" in the mid 1850's,____________ was/were identified with the proslavery element, and _____________ was/were associated with the antislavery free-soilers

answer

The Lecompton Constitution; the New England Immigrant Aid Society

question

The situation in Kansas in the mid-1850s indicated the impracticality of _______________ in the territories.

answer

popular sovereignty

question

Match each figure with their role in the 1856 A. John C. Fremont B. Millard Fillmore C. Stephen A. Douglas D. James Buchanan 1. Democratic nominee for president 2. Republican nominee for president 3. Know-Nothing (American Party) nominee for president 4. Too tainted by Kansas-Nebraska Act to obtain Democratic nomination

answer

A-2, B-3, C-4, D-1

question

In the presidential election of 1856, the Republicans

answer

revealed astonishing strength for a brand-new party

question

The real significance of the election of 1856 was that it

answer

foreshadowed an ominous sectional clash over slavery in the election of 1860.

question

In ruling on the Dred Scott case, the United States Supreme Court

answer

argued that Congress could not prohibit slavery in the federal territories

question

Arrange these events in chronological order: (A) Dred Scot Decision, (B) Lincoln-Douglas Debates, (C) Kansas-Nebraska Act, and (D) Harpers Ferry raid.

answer

C,A,B,D

question

For a majority of northerners, the most outrageous part of the Supreme Court's ruling in the Dred Scott case was that

answer

Congress had never had the power to prohibit slavery in any territory

question

As a result of the panic of 1857, the South

answer

believed that it was economically superior to the North.

question

In the North, the panic of 1857 created calls for

answer

free homesteads and higher protective tariffs.

question

The political career of Abraham Lincoln could best be described as

answer

largely a failure until his meteoric rise after 1854.

question

As a result of the Lincoln-Douglas debates

answer

Douglas defeated Lincoln for the Senate

question

Stephen A. Douglas argued, in his Freeport Doctrine, during the Lincoln-Douglas debates that

answer

slavery would stay down if the people voted it down

question

After John Brown's raid on Harpers Ferry, the South concluded that

answer

the North was dominated by "Brown-loving" Republicans.

question

Abraham Lincoln won the 1860 Republican party presidential nomination in part because he

answer

had made fewer enemies than front-runner William Seward

question

Match each presidential candidate in the 1860 election topic of slavery A. Abraham Lincoln B. Stephen Douglas C. John Breckenridge D. John Bell 1. Extend slavery into the territories 2. ban slavery from the territories 3. preserve the Union by compromise 4. enforce popular sovereignty

answer

A-2, B-4, C-1, D-3

question

In the election of 1860, the Constitutional Union party was formed

answer

as a middle-of-the-road party fearing for the break up of the union.

question

"Lame-duck" President James Buchanan believed that

answer

the Constitution did not authorize him to force southern states to stay in the Union.

question

President James buchanan declined to use force to keep the South in the Union for all of the following reasons except

answer

he believed that the Constitution allowed secession

question

Abraham Lincoln opposed the Crittenden Compromise because

answer

he had been elected on a platform that opposed the extension of slavery

question

Secessionists supported leaving the Union for all of the following reasons except

answer

they believed that Republicans had been infiltrating their political ranks.

question

In declaring their independence, the Confederate States relied heavily on the example of the

answer

principles of self-dtermination of the Declaration of Independence

question

The immense debt owed to northern creditors by the South was

answer

repudiated by the South.

question

President James Buchanan's decision on Kansas's Lecompton Constitution.

answer

hopelessly divided the democratic party

question

President Lincoln's decision on what to do about the situation at Fort Sumter in the first weeks of his administration can best be characterized as

answer

a middle of the road solution.

question

In order to persuade the Border States to remain in the Union, President Lincoln

answer

used legally dubious methods

question

The Border States offered all of the following advantages except

answer

large navigable rivers

question

Lincoln's declaration that the North sought to preserve the Union with or without slavery

answer

revealed the influence of the Border States on his policies.

question

During the Civil War, most of the Five Civilized Tribes in the Indian Territory of present-day Oklahoma

answer

supported the Confederacy.

question

In return for support from the Plains Indians during the Civil War, the Union

answer

waged war on them and herded them onto reservations

question

To achieve its independence, the Confederacy had to

answer

fight the invading Union army to a draw.

question

All of the following were similar characteristics that both Union and Confederate soldiers shared except

answer

poor unskilled workers were well represented among both armies.

question

Johnny Reb tended to be all of the following except

answer

detached personally from the war.

question

Billy Yank tended to be all of the following except

answer

religious

question

Of all the hardships faced by the soldiers during the civil War, the greatest was

answer

disease

question

The greatest weakness of the South during the Civil War was its

answer

economy

question

The North's greatest strength in the Civil War was its

answer

economy

question

Much of the hunger experienced by Confederate soldiers in the Civil War was due to

answer

the South's rickety transportation system

question

Northern soldiers eventually became known for their

answer

discipline and determination

question

To find effective high-level commanders, the Union

answer

used trial and error

question

A supposed asset fro the South at the beginning of the Civil War that never materialized to its real advantage was

answer

intervention from Britain and France

question

On reason that the British did not try to break the Union blockade of the South during the Civil War was that

answer

they feared losing Northern grain shipments

question

The South believed that the British would come to its aid because

answer

Britain was dependent on Southern cotton

question

During the Civil War, Britain and the United States were nearly provoked into war by

answer

the Trent affair, involving the removal of Southern diplomats from a British ship.

question

During the Civil War, diplomacy for the Union and the Confederacy

answer

was critical for both

question

Confederate commerce-raiders such as the Alabama

answer

proved effective against Union shipping

question

Napoleon III's attempt to install Maximilian on the Mexican throne was a clear violation of

answer

the Monroe Doctrine

question

America's minister to Britain, during the Civil War, under President Lincoln was

answer

Charles Francis Adams

question

France abandoned its attempt to control Mexico

answer

when the United States threatened to force France to leave.

question

During the Civil War

answer

relations between the Union and Canada were at times very poor

question

The Southern cause was weakened by

answer

the concept of states' rights that Confederacy professed.

question

As leader of the Confederacy, Jefferson Davis

answer

defied rather than was led by public opinion

question

The problems that Abraham Lincoln experienced as president were less prostrating than those experienced by Jefferson Davis partly because the North

answer

had a long-established and fully recognized government.

question

As president of the confederacy, Jefferson Davis did not exercise the arbitrary power wielded by Abraham Lincoln because

answer

of the South's emphasis on states' rights

question

To fill the army's demand for troops, prior to 1863, the North relied mainly on

answer

volunteers

question

In Lincoln's attempts to preserve the Union, he did all of the following questionable actions as president except

answer

refused to implement a draft, or conscription law, during the war

question

The Union's establishment of the National Banking System

answer

was the first significant step toward a unified banking network since 1836.

question

During the Civil War, the Union

answer

launched a new national banking system

question

As a result of the Civil War, the Northern economy

answer

greatly expanded its industrial and technological productivity

question

Possessing _____ percent of the nation wealth in 1860, the South claimed only ____ percent in 1870.

answer

30, 12

question

During the Civil War, women in the North

answer

had new opportunities opened to them in industry.

question

The Exodusters' westward massmigration to Kansas finally faltered when

answer

steamboat captains refused to transport more former slaves across the Mississippi.

question

The greatest achievements of the Freedmen's Bureau were in

answer

education

question

The white South viewed the Freedmen's Bureau as

answer

a meddlesome federal agency that threatened to upset white racial dominance

question

In President Andrew Johnson's view, the Freedmen's Bureau was

answer

a meddlesome agency that should be killed.

question

Andrew Johnson had been put on Lincoln's ticket as vice president in his second term

answer

to appeal to War Democrats and pro-Union southerners

question

As a politician, Andrew Johnson developed a reputation as a(n)

answer

champion of the poor whites.

question

The controversy surrounding the Wade-Davis Bill and the readmission of the Confederate states to the Union demonstrated

answer

the deep differences between President Lincoln and Congress

question

In his 10 percent plan for Reconstruction, President Lincoln promised

answer

rapid readmission of Southern states into the Union.

question

_______________believed that the Southern states had completely left the Union and were therefore, "conquered provinces" than terms Congress demanded

answer

Thaddeus Stevens

question

For congressional Republicans, one of the most troubling aspects of the Southern states' quick restoration to the Union was that

answer

with the black population fully counted, the South would be stronger than ever in nation politics

question

The incident that caused the clash between Congress and President Johnson to explode into the open was

answer

Johnson's veto of the bill to extend the Freedmen's Bureau.

question

The first and only ex-Confederate state to ratify the Fourteenth Amendment in 1866 and thus be immediately readmitted to the Union was

answer

Tennessee

question

The Fourteenth Amendment guaranteed

answer

citizenship and civil rights to freed slaves

question

The Fourteenth Amendment

answer

prohibited ex-Confederate leaders from holding public office

question

Johnson's veto of the Civil Rights Bill of 1866 prompted Congress to seek passage of

answer

The Fourteenth Amendment

question

In the 1866 congressional elections

answer

voters endorsed the congressional approach to Reconstruction

question

The root cause of the battle between Congress and President Andrew Johnson was

answer

Johnson's "soft" treatment of the white South

question

Many feminist leaders were especially disappointed with the Fourteenth Amendment because it

answer

specified for the first time in the Constitution that only males could vote.

question

Which of the following was not among the functions provided by the black Union League?

answer

Helping blacks migrate from the South to the North

question

Blacks in the South relied on the Union League to

answer

educate them on their civic duties.

question

During Reconstruction, African American women assumed new political roles, which included all of the following except

answer

voting

question

Which one of the following is least related to the other four? (Ch. 22-Reconstruction)

answer

Ku Klux Klan

question

Radical Reconstruction state governments

answer

passed much desirable legislation and badly needed reforms

question

Political corruption during Reconstruction was

answer

common in both North and South

question

The Ku Klux Klan could best be described as

answer

a secret terrorist organization.

question

In 1867, Secretary of State Seward achieved the Johnson administration's greatest success in foreign relations when he

answer

purchased Alaska from Russia

question

Johnson was narrowly acquitted on the impeachment charges because

answer

it was finally recognized that the charges were dubious and political

question

All of the following were reasons the Senate voted to acquit President Andrew Johnson except

answer

Johnson promised to step down as president

question

Reconstruction might have been more successful if

answer

Thaddeus Stevens's radical program of drastic economic reforms and stronger protection of political rights had been enacted

question

The Freedmen's Bureau

answer

was quite successful at providing education for former slaves.

question

Despite his status as a military hero, General Ulysses S. Grant proved to be a weak political leader because he

answer

had no political experience and was a poor judge of character.

question

In the presidential election of 1868, Ulysses S. Grant

answer

owed his victory to the votes of former slaves.

question

In the aftermath of the Civil War

answer

waste, speculation, and corruption afflicted both business and government.

question

New York's notoriously corrupt Boss Tweed was finally jailed under the pressure of

answer

New York Times exposes and the cartoons of Thomas Nast.

question

The Credit Mobilier scandal involved

answer

railroad construction kickbacks.

question

The Liberal Republican revolt from the regular Republican party in 1972 was motivated primarily by

answer

disgust at the corruption and scandals of the Grant administration

question

President Ulysses S. Grant was reelected in 1872 because

answer

the Democrats and Liberal Republicans chose the eccentric editor Horace Greeley as their candidate

question

Match each politician below with the Republican faction associated A. Roscoe Conkling B. James Blaine C. Horace Greeley D. Ulysses Grant 1. "Half-Breeds" 2. Stalwarts 3. Regular Republicans 4. Liberal Republicans

answer

A-2, B-1, C-4, D-3

question

One result of Republican hard money policies in the mid-1870s was

answer

a political turn to the Democrats and new Greenback Labor party

question

Those who enjoyed a successful political career in the post-Civil War decades were usually

answer

party loyalists

question

The presidential elections of the 1870s and 1880s

answer

aroused enormous turnouts among voters even though there were few significant issues

question

In religious and cultural terms, the Republicans appealed especially to groups that derived their views from the

answer

Puritan tradition of strict moral codes and government regulation of morality and society

question

One reason for the extremely high voter turnouts and partisan fervor of the Gilded Age was

answer

sharp ethnic and cultural differences in the membership of the two parties

question

Which of the following was not among the groups that formed the solid political base of the Republican party in the late nineteenth century

answer

Northern Big Cities

question

The Compromise of 1877 resulted in

answer

the withdrawal of federal troops and abandonment of black rights in the South.

question

The sequence of presidential terms of the "forgettable presidents" of the Gilded Age (including Cleveland's two nonconsecutive terms) was

answer

Hayes, Garfield, Arthur, Cleveland, Harrison, and Cleveland

question

In the 1896 case of Plessy v. Ferguson, the Supreme court ruled that

answer

"separate but equal" facilities were constitutional

question

Blacks who violated the Jim Crow laws or other elements of the South's racial code were often subject to

answer

lynching

question

The presidency of Rutherford B. Hayes began with

answer

sharp class conflict and a national railroad strike.

question

The fundamental attitude of Hayes and other Republican administrations toward labor agitation was

answer

strong support for the railroads and other business in their efforts to crush labor organizing.

question

Labor unrest in the 1870s and 1880s resulted in

answer

the use of federal troops during strikes

question

One of the main reasons that the Chinese came to the United States was to

answer

dig for gold

question

The Pendleton Act required people applying for many federal government jobs to

answer

take a competitive examination

question

The 1884 election contest between James G. Blaine and Grover Cleveland was noted for

answer

its viciously personal attacks between the two candidates

question

When he was president, Grover Cleveland's strong belief in a laissez-faire approach to government gained the support of

answer

business people

question

Benjamin Harrison's victory over Grover Cleveland in the election of 1888 was unusual in that

answer

Harrison lost the popular vote to Cleveland but won in the electoral college.

question

The tariff bill, sponsored by the talented Congressman William McKinley of Ohio, provided for

answer

sky-high tariff rates that stirred rural discontent

question

An epidemic of violent strikes and labor conflict in 1892 led to the prospect of

answer

the Populists adding industrial workers to their base of support among farmers

question

The conservative white Bourbon Democrats of the South largely succeeded in crushing the Populist revolt by

answer

appealing to poor white farmers' anti-black racial feelings against their economic interests

question

The early Populist campaign to create a coalition of white and black farmers ended in

answer

a racist backlash that eliminated black voting in the South

question

The political developments of the 1890s were largely shaped by

answer

The most severe and extended economic depression up to that time

question

Economic unrest and the repeal of the Sherman Silver Purchase Act led to the rise of the pro-silver leader

answer

William Jennings Bryan

question

President Cleveland's hostility to silver and silver-backed currency was driven primarily by his fear that

answer

the growing drain of gold from the U.S. Treasury would force the United States off the gold standard

question

President Grover Cleveland aroused widespread public anger by his action of

answer

borrowing 65$ million in gold from J.P. Morgan's banking syndicate

question

President Cleveland's response to the depression of the 1890s demonstrated that he

answer

was unable to deal effectively with such a massive economic crisis

question

Much of the investment funds that enabled American to industrialize in the late nineteenth century came from

answer

private foreign investors

question

During the Gilded Age, most of the railroad barons

answer

built their railroads with federal land grants and loans

question

The national government helped to finance transcontinental railroad construction in the late nineteenth century by providing railroad corporations with

answer

land grants and loans

question

Match each railroad company below with the correct entrepreneur. A. James J. Hill B. Cornelius Vanderbilt C. Leland Stanford 1. Central Pacific 2. New York Central 3. Atchison, Topeka, and Santa Fe 4. Great Norther

answer

A-4, B-2, C-1

question

The greatest economic consequence of the transcontinental railroad network was that it

answer

united the nation into a single, integrated national market.

question

The greatest single factor helping to spur the amazing industrialization of the post-Civil War years was

answer

the railroad network

question

The two industries that the transcontinental railroads most significantly expanded were

answer

mining and agriculture

question

Which of the following was not among the common forms of corruption practiced by the wealthy railroad barons?

answer

Forcing their employees to buy railroad company stock

question

In the case of Wabash, St. Louis, and Pacific Railroad Company v. Illinois, the U.S. Supreme Court held that state legislatures could not regulate railroads because

answer

railroads were interstate businesses and could not be regulated by any single state.

question

One of the most significant aspects of the Interstate Commerce Act was that it

answer

represented the first large-scale attempt by the federal government to regulate business

question

When Europeans owned or invested in private companies in the United States, they generally

answer

let Americans manage the business unless there was an economic crisis.

question

The single largest source of a critical raw material that fueled early American industrialization was the

answer

Mesabi iron range of Minnesota.

question

The vast, integrated, continental U.S. market greatly enhanced the American inclination toward

answer

mass manufacturing of standardized industrial products

question

One of the methods by which post-Civil War business leaders increased their profits was

answer

elimination of as much competition as possible.

question

Match each entrepreneur below with the field of enterprise A. Andrew Carnegie B. John D. Rockefeller C. J. Pierpont Morgan D. James Duke 1. steel 2. oil 3. tobacco 4. banking

answer

A-1, B-2, C-4, D-3

question

Match each entrepreneur below with the field of enterprise A. Andrew Carnegie B. John D. Rockefeller C. J. Pierpont Morgan 1. interlocking directorate 2. trust 3. vertical integration 4. pool

answer

A-3, B-2, C-1

question

John D. Rockefeller's organizational technique of horizontal integration involved

answer

forcing small competitors to assign stock to Standard oil or lose their business.

question

America's first billion-dollar corporation was

answer

United States Steel

question

The first major product of the oil industry was

answer

Kerosene

question

The oil industry became a huge business

answer

with the invention of the internal combustion engine

question

The "Gospel of Wealth" endorsed by Andrew Carnegie

answer

held that the wealthy should display moral responsibility in the use of their God-given money

question

Although they were commonly called "Social Darwinists," advocates of economic, national, or racial "survival of the fittest" ideas actually drew less on biologist Charles Darwin than on

answer

British laissez-faire economists like Thomas Malthus and David Ricardo

question

Believers in the doctrine of "survival of the fittest," like Herbert Spencer and William Graham Sumner, believed that

answer

the wealthy deserved their riches because they had demonstrated greater abilities than the poor.

question

To help corporations, the courts ingeniously interpreted the Fourteenth Amendment, which was designed to protect the rights of ex-slaves, so as to

answer

incorporate big business

question

In the late nineteenth century, tax benefits and cheap, nonunion labor especially attracted __________ manufacturing to the new South

answer

textile

question

One of the greatest changes that industrialization brought about in the lives of workers was

answer

the need for them to adjust their lives to the time clock

question

The group whose lives were most dramatically altered by the new industrial age was

answer

women

question

Despite generally rising wages in the late nineteenth century, industrial workers were extremely vulnerable to all of the following except

answer

new educational requirements for jobs

question

The image of the "Gibson Girl" represented a(n)

answer

romantic ideal of the independent and athletic new woman

question

Which one of the following is least like the other four? Closed shop, Lockout, Yellow Dog Contract, Blacklist, or Company Town?

answer

Company town

question

Generally, the Supreme Court in the late nineteenth century interpreted the Constitution in such a way as to favor

answer

independent workers and craftsmen

question

Match each labor organization with the correct description. A. National Labor Union B. Knights of Labor C. American Federation of Labor 1. the "one big union" that championed producer cooperatives and industrial arbitration 2. a social-reform union killed by the depression of the 1870s 3. an association of unions pursuing higher wages, shorter working hours, and better working conditions

answer

A-2, B-1, C-3

question

One group, barred from membership in the Knights of Labor, was

answer

non-producers

question

The Knights of Labor believed that conflict between capital and labor would disappear when

answer

labor would own and operate businesses and industries

question

The tremendously rapid growth of American cities in the post-Civil War decades was

answer

a trend that affected Europe as well

question

The major factor in drawing country people off the farms and into the big cities was the

answer

availability of industrial jobs

question

In 1900, the two largest cities in the world were

answer

London and New York City

question

One of the early symbols of the dawning era of consumerism in urban America was

answer

large department stores

question

Which one of the following has the least in common with the other four? Slums, Dumbbell tenements, Bedroom Communities, Flophouses, or the "Lung Block"?

answer

Bedroom Communities

question

American cities increasingly abandoned wooden construction for brick and steel in their downtown districts after

answer

the great Chicago fire of 1871

question

Most Italian immigrants to the United States between 1880 and 1920 came to escape

answer

the poverty and backwardness of southern Italy

question

A bird of passage was an immigrant who

answer

came to America to work for a short time and then returned to Europe

question

By the late nineteenth century, most of the Old Immigrant groups from northern and Western Europe

answer

had largely abandoned their ethnically based churches, clubs, and neighborhoods.

question

New Immigrant groups were regarded with special hostility by many nativist Americans because

answer

their religions were distinctly different and some New Immigrants were politically radical

question

The European diaspora to the Americas, Africa, Australia, and elsewhere was largely a by-product of the

answer

initial mass migration of European rural populations to that continent's big cities

question

Prominent Protestant pastors like Walter Rauschenbusch and Washington Gladden argued that

answer

the Christian Gospel required that churches address poverty and other burning social issues of the day

question

In the new urban environment, most liberal Protestants

answer

rejected biblical literalism and adapted religious ideas to modern culture

question

The Darwinian theory of organic evolution through natural selection affected American religion by

answer

creating a split between religious conservatives who denied evolution and accomodationists who supported it

question

In the 1890s, white collar positions for women as secretaries, department store clerks, and telephone operators were largely reserved for

answer

native-born Americans

question

The vast majority of employed female workers in the late nineteenth century were

answer

single

question

Labor unions favored immigration restriction because most immigrants were all of the following except

answer

willing to work for lower wages

Multiple Choice History AP – Ch. 19-25 – Flashcards

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