MUHL 368 – History of Jazz: Ch.7 – Bebop – Flashcards
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The Street clubs
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The Onyx The Downbeat The Famous Door Kelly's Stables Jimmy Ryans
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Bebop ensemble
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five pieces: trumpet, sax, piano, bass, and drums
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Bebop musical characteristics
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deliberately un-danceable rhythm arrangements consisted only of a melody played in unison by horns in between solos
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Bebop rhythm
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syncopated and unpredictable. bass drum used to drop bombs. free form piano playing. rhythmically complex melodies
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Bebop Harmony
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heavy reharmonization and chord substitution
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Bebop Melody
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more complex and challenging often outgrowths of improvisations heavy use of flatted 5th interval
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Bebop repertoire
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due to unwillingness to pay royalties, bebop records were often made with independent small record companies and consisted solely of original tunes/though these were often jazz standards with new melodies
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Characteristics of Bebop
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High-spirited, joyful music small, five piece ensemble simple arrangements emphasis on improvised solos extreme tempos reharmonization/chord substitution unpredictable flatted 5th melodies new repertoire based on jazz standards
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The most influential architects of bebop
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Charlie Parker Dizzy Gillespie Thelonious Monk the three often played together
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Charlie Parker
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1920-1955, alto sax/composer from Kansas City began gigging at 15 originally awful, revolutionized his style in summer 1937 difficult life, starting heroin at 17
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Charlie Parker's nickname
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Bird, because while on tour the band's car hit a chicken, which Charlie had cooked and then ate at their next stop.
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Bird's major NYC influence
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Art Tatum in Jimmy's Chicken Shack
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first major bebop recordings
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by Charlie Parker at the Three Deuces on 52nd Street
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Bird's bad influence on jazz....
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many younger musicians began experimenting with heroin, in the belief that its influence would help them play like Bird, starting an epidemic in the jazz world
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Birdland
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venue opened with a live radio broadcast of Parker playing. First club named after a jazz musician
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Massey Hall incident
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Bird had to borrow a plastic saxophone, he had sold his own to pay off drug debts
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Dizzy Gillespie
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1917-1993, Trumpet/composer/bandleader Born John Birks Gillespie
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Gillespie's Nickname
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during a two year stay with the Cab Calloway Orchestra starting in 1939, Gillespie's original and explosive style coupled with clowning and pranks earned him the name Dizzy
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Dizzy "The Schoolmaster"
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earned name schoolmaster because of the informal sessions he often help with musicians regarding bop chord progressions
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first bebop recording session
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Dizzy Gillespie and Coleman Hawkins recording of "Woody'n You"
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Afro-Cuban
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started by Gillespie and Chano Pozo, describes big band music with latin rhythms and percussion
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Characteristics of Afro-Cuban
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Complex latin rhythms combined with bebop melody and improv percussion such as bongos, congas, and timbales originally used by big bands, now in ensembles of all sizes
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Thelonious Sphere Monk
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1917-1982, Piano/Composer self taught pianist, early stride influence house pianist at Minton's Playhouse reclusive personality heavy influence on bop harmony
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first Monk recording contract
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1947 with upstart label Blue Note, labeled as High Priest of Bop
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Characteristics of Monk
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sparse, percussive and dissonant playing rhythmic phrasing, offbeat often performed with a quartet of drums, bass, and tenor sax
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Five Spot
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Greenwich Village nightspot where Monk made a triumphant return with a young John Coltrane
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Odd habits of Monk
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animated stage presencem walking through the audience often while waving his hands fetish for exotic hats
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Bud Powell
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1924-1966, Piano/Composer protege of Monk
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Kenny Clarke
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drummer, founder of modern jazz drumming
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Charlie Christian
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Electric guitar. discovered by John Hammond, played in the Benny Goodman orchestra. first great electric guitarist to focus on single note runs rather than rhythm playing
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Max Roach
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drums/composer/bandleader melodic and polyrhythmic
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Dexter Gordon
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tenor sax
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Theodore Fats Navarro
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Trumpet
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Tadd Dameron
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piano, arranger, composer
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oscar peterson
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piano
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jj johnson
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trombone
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during the bebop era, jazz was replaced by
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rhythm and blues as popular music, as it was more easy to dance to and commercial
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Moldy Figs vs Moderns
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1947 article by Barry Ulanov which coined the term that has been used ever since to describe those who refuse to keep up with modern trends
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trad jazz
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New Orleans revival of traditional jazz during the war between figs and moderns
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Billy Eckstine
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Singer/Bandleader of the Sepia Sinatra all star group that played big band bebop, yet few recordings exist due to the recording ban
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Claude Thornhill
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Piano/Bandleader orchestral jazz, using french horns inspiration for miles davis
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Woody Herman
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clarinet/bandleader started as a swing band, played bebop inspired modern arrangements
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Stan Kenton
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Piano/composer/bandleader wide variety of tunes with progressive arrangement conducted many jazz clinics
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Ella Fitzgerald
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widely regarded as greatest scat singer in history of jazz first hired by Chick Webb after an amateur singing competition rare female band leader developed scat technique with Dizzy Gillespie
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Sarah Vaughan
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vocalist of Billy Eckstine orchestra from 1944 to 45 "sassy" fine pianist
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Eddie Jefferson
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perfected vocalese, adding witty lyrics to existing jazz instrumental melodies
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Lambert, Hendricks, and Ross
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first to apply bop harmonies and performance to vocal ensemble singing
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Demise of 52nd Street
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after the war ended, police cracked down on the rampant crime on The Street, and the opening of elaborate Broadway jazz clubs killed the scene
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