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1. Regarding knowledge of the Americas prior to the fifteenth century, most Europeans

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C. were entirely unaware of the existence of the Americas. Page: 7 C1

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2. The preeminent European maritime power in the fifteenth century was

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B. Portugal. Page: 9 C1

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3. Christopher Columbus

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E. thought the world was much smaller than it is in reality. Page: 9 C1

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4. The cultivation of tobacco around Jamestown resulted in all the following EXCEPT

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D. improved relations with the local Indians. Page: 37-38 C2

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5. The Virginia Company developed the "headright" system to

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A. attract new settlers to the colony. Page: 38 C2

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6. Which of the following statements best characterizes the first years of Jamestown's existence?

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E. The settlement survived despite an enormous loss of life. Page: 36 C2

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7. In colonial New England Puritan communities, women

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C. were expected to devote themselves to serving the needs of their husbands and households. Page: 71 C3

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8. The term "middle passage" refers to the movement of enslaved Africans

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E. from Africa to the New World. Page: 71 C3

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9. During the seventeenth century, the Royal African Company of England

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A. deliberately restricted the supply of slaves to the North American colonies. Page: 72 C3

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10. The first clash of the French and Indian War took place near what is now

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C. Pittsburgh. Page: 103 C4

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11. During the first stage (1754-1756) of the French and Indian War,

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B. the Iroquois were allied with the English but remained largely passive. Page: 103 C4

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12. During the third phase of the French and Indian War, British leader William Pitt

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C. gradually loosened his tight control over the colonists. Page: 105 C4

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13. When George Washington crossed the Delaware River on Christmas night, 1776, he was intent on surprising

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C. the Hessians. Page: 136 C5

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14. The British military campaigns of 1777 saw

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B. General John Burgoyne suffer a major defeat at Saratoga. Page: 137 C5

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15. During the American Revolution, the Iroquois Confederacy officially

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A. declared its neutrality. Page: 138 C5

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16. The achievement of the "Great Compromise" of the Constitutional Convention of 1787 was its resolution of the problem regarding

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C. political representation. Page: 164 C6

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17. In the Constitutional Convention of 1787, for the purpose of political representation, slaves were classified as

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A. three-fifths of a free person. Page: 164 C6

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18. James Madison's ideas regarding republican government

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C. assumed that political factions would help in preventing tyranny. Page: 166 C6

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19. The Second Great Awakening helped spread all of the following denominations EXCEPT the

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B. Unitarians. Page: 185 C7

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20. The revivalism of the Second Great Awakening

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C. encouraged racial unrest. Page: 188 C7

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21. The cotton gin was invented by

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B. Eli Whitney. Page: 189 C7

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22. By 1818, the United States' internal road system

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C. included a national road that reached as far as the Ohio River. Page: 220 C8

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23. The Lancaster Pike was a road partially financed by the state of

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D. Pennsylvania. Page: 217 C8

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24. By 1820, American steam-powered shipping

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A. carried more cargo on the Mississippi than all other forms of river transport combined. B. increased the transport of manufactured goods westward. C. stimulated agriculture in both the West and the South. D. had reached as far up the Ohio River as Pittsburgh. E. All these answers are correct. Answer: E Page: 217 C8

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25. In the 1820s, John C. Calhoun proposed his doctrine of nullification

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B. as an alternative to possible secession. Page: 236 C9

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26. John C. Calhoun drew his doctrine of nullification ideas from the

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D. ideas of Madison and Jefferson, and the Tenth Amendment to the Constitution. Page: 236 C9

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27. The political significance of Peggy Eaton on Andrew Jackson's administration was that

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A. the presidential aspirations of John C. Calhoun were likely ended. Page: 236 C9

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28. The great majority of Irish immigrants settled in the

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E. eastern cities Page: 259 C10

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29.

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Before 1860, compared to Irish immigrants, German immigrants to the United States A. generally arrived with more money. Page: 259 C10

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30. Prior to 1860, hostility among native-born Americans toward immigrants was spurred, in part, by

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B. fears of political radicalism. Page: 259, 262 C10

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31. Which of the following statements about the southern aristocratic ideal is FALSE?

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D. Wealthy southern whites pretended to avoid such "coarse" occupations as trade and commerce. Page: 298-299 C11

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32. Prior to 1860, southern women differed from northern women in that they

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B. were expected to be more subordinate to men. Page: 301 C11

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33. Prior to 1860, southern white women

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C. generally lived lives that were isolated from the wider world. Page: 301 C11

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34. In the 1840s, the organized movement against drunkenness in the United States

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A. linked alcohol to crime and poverty. Page: 322 C12

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35. In the 1830s and 1840s, cholera epidemics in the United States

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D. typically killed more than half of those who contracted the disease. Page: 323-324 C12

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36. According to the nineteenth-century "science" of phrenology, what could be discerned from the shape of an individual's skull?

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E. character and intelligence Page: 324 C12

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37. During the debate on the Compromise of 1850,

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E. President Zachary Taylor suddenly died. Page: 353

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38. The Compromise of 1850 allowed for the admission of California

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B. along with a strengthened Fugitive Slave Act. Page: 353

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39. The passage of the Fugitive Slave Act

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A. intensified the debate over slavery. Page: 355

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40. In the election of 1852,

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B. the Free-Soil Party gained strength. Page: 355

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41. In the 1850s, in an effort to undercut the Fugitive Slave Act, some northern states

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C. passed laws preventing the deportation of fugitive slaves. Page: 355

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42. In the 1850s, the "Young America" movement

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B. supported the expansion of American democracy throughout the world. Page: 355

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43. The Crittenden Compromise found its greatest support in

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B. Southern senators. Page: 366

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44. On April 14, 1861, Fort Sumter surrendered after

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A. Confederate forces bombarded it. Page: 366

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45. All of the following slave states remained in the Union EXCEPT

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B. Arkansas. Page: 366

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46. At the start of the Civil War, the

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E. North had a much more substantial economy. Page: 368

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47. The 1862 Morrill Land Grant Act was designed to help

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B. education. Page: 368

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48. Which of the following federally-chartered corporations did the Union create to build the transcontinental railroad?

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E. Union Pacific and Central Pacific Page: 368

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49. The Wade-Davis Bill

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C. sought to bring about the disenfranchisement of leading Confederates. Page: 403

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50. The assassination of President Abraham Lincoln

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A. involved a larger conspiracy to kill other members of the administration. Page: 403

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51. In the 1860s, Black Codes were

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E. designed to give whites control over freedmen. Page: 405

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52. The western cattle industry saw Mexican ranchers first develop

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A. saddles. B. spurs. C. lariats. D. leather chaps. E. All these answers are correct. Answer: E Page: 441

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53. Early in 1866, a massive joint cattle drive from Texas to Missouri

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A. saw the herds suffer heavy losses. B. proved that cattle could be driven to distant markets. C. established a link to the booming urban markets of the East. D. both proved that cattle could be driven to distant markets, and established a link to the booming urban markets of the East. E. All these answers are correct. Answer: E Page: 441-442

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54. The town that reigned as the railhead of the cattle kingdom for many years was

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B. Abilene, Kansas. Page: 442

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55. In the late nineteenth century, Social Darwinists argued that people who failed economically in the United States did so because

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D. business wealth was concentrated into the hands of a few. Page: 471

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56. In the late nineteenth century, the first and most important promoter of Social Darwinism was

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E. Herbert Spencer. Page: 471

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57. According to the ideas expressed by Andrew Carnegie in his The Gospel of Wealth,

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D. the rich had great responsibilities to society. Page: 471

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58. The principle force behind the creation of great public buildings in the late nineteenth century was

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A. wealthy residents. Page: 494

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59. The "city beautiful" movement in the United States was inspired, in part, by

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B. the 1893 Columbian Exposition in Chicago. Page: 494-495

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60. In the late nineteenth century, suburbs on the edges of American cities were largely populated by

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C. moderately well-to-do people. Page: 495

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1. As a result of his third voyage in 1498, Christopher Columbus concluded that

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C. he had encountered a continent separate from Asia. Page: 11 C1

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2. Amerigo Vespucci

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E. helped spread recognition of the idea that the Americas were new continents. Page: 11 C1

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3. Who was the first known European to look westward upon the Pacific Ocean, in 1513?

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B. Vasco de Balboa Page: 12 C1

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4. When the House of Burgesses was created in Virginia in 1619,

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C. colonists were given a share of local political representation. Page: 38 C2

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5. The first blacks imported to Virginia in 1619

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A. may have been considered indentured servants by the colonists. Page: 38 C2

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6. The Powhatan Indian Pocahontas

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C. created an interest in England in "civilizing" Indians. Page: 38 C2

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7. In English North American colonies, the application of slave codes was based on color and

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A. nothing more. Page: 74 C3

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8. New England, for all its belief in community and liberty, was far from an egalitarian society. "Some must be rich and some poor" is a statement attributed to which seventeenth-century colonial?

answer

E. John Winthrop Page: 88 C3

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9. The seventeenth-century tobacco economy of the Chesapeake region

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B. went through numerous boom-and-bust cycles. Page: 77 C3

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10. According to the terms of the Peace of Paris of 1763,

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C. France ceded Canada and all of its claims to land east of the Mississippi River, except New Orleans, to Great Britain. Page: 106 C4

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11. Following the conclusion of the French and Indian War,

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E. the Iroquois alliance with the British quickly unraveled. Page: 107 C4

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12. The French and Indian War in North America

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C. demonstrated that increasing England's control over the colonies would not be easy. Page: 107 C4

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13. In the aftermath of the Declaration of Independence, the colonies began to call themselves states

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C. due to the belief that each was a sovereign entity. Page: 131 C5

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14. In the final phase (1778-1781) of the American Revolution, the British

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B. badly overestimated the support of American Loyalists. Page: 140 C5

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15. Which of the following statements regarding Benedict Arnold is FALSE?

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E. Arnold spent the last years of the Revolution as a prisoner of war. Page: 140 C5

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16. Delegates to the Constitutional Convention of 1787 recommended the document be ratified by

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B. special state ratifying conventions. Page: 167 C6

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17. In the debate over the Constitution of 1787, Antifederalist opponents to the document

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E. argued that the Constitution would put an end to individual liberty. Page: 167 C6

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18. Who among the following was one of the authors of The Federalist Papers?

answer

C. Alexander Hamilton Page: 167 C6

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19. Eli Whitney is a major figure in American technology for introducing the

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A. concept of interchangeable parts. Page: 189 C7

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20. The early nineteenth century in America is known as the "turnpike era" because

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E. many roads were built for profit by private companies. Page: 190 C7

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21. In the United States during the early nineteenth century, horse racing

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A. was bound by lines of race and class. Page: 196 C7

question

22. On his last day in office, President James Madison influenced "internal improvements" by

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D. vetoing a bill that would have used federal funds to construct roads and canals. Page: 218 C8

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21. Between 1800 and 1820, the population of the United States

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A. nearly doubled. Page: 218 C8

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23. In the early nineteenth century, the westward movement of white Americans was encouraged by all of the following EXCEPT for

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D. the lure of mineral mining in the mountainous regions of the West. Page: 218-219 C8

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24. The rapid growth of the Northwest and Southwest led to which of the following in the immediate aftermath of the War of 1812?

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A. the admission of four new states to the Union. Page: 218 C8

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25. In the early nineteenth century, the Deep South

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B. included a vast, productive region in Alabama and Mississippi. Page: 218 C8

question

26. The Daniel Webster-Robert Hayne debate of 1830 was begun by a political dispute over

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B. the sale of public land. Page: 236 C9

question

27. In the 1830 Daniel Webster-Robert Hayne debate, Webster considered Hayne's arguments to be an attack on

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D. the integrity of the Union. Page: 236 C9

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28. In 1830, what political figure said, "Our Federal Union—It must be preserved"?

answer

A. Andrew Jackson Page: 237 C9

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29. The "Know-Nothing" movement was partially directed at reducing the influence of

answer

A. Catholics. Page: 262 C10

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30. After 1852, the "Know-Nothings" created a new political organization called the

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E. American Party. Page: 262 C10

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31. Which of the following is true of the differences between canal and turnpike transportation?

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C. Canal boats could haul vastly larger loads than could turnpike transports. Page: 264 C10

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32. Most "plain folk" of the Old South

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B. were never able to move into the planter class. Page: 301 C11

question

33. Southern, white, lower-class resentment of the aristocratic system was most likely to be found

answer

D. the mountain regions. Page: 302 C11

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34. Perhaps the single strongest unifying factor of pre-Civil War southern whites was their

answer

C. perception of white racial superiority. Page: 303 C11

question

35. During the nineteenth century, the largest obstacle to improved medical care in America was the

answer

B. absence of basic knowledge about disease. Page: 324 C12

question

36. In the 1840s in the United States, an initial understanding of germ theory was developed by

answer

C. Oliver Wendell Holmes. Page: 325 C12

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37. Prior to 1860, public education in the United States

answer

B. gave the nation one of the highest literacy rates in the world. Page: 326 C12

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38. The 1854 Ostend Manifesto

answer

C. was part of an attempt by the United States to acquire Cuba. Page: 355

question

39. In the 1850s, the issue of slavery complicated the proposal to build a transcontinental railroad, as

answer

B. non-slaveowning northerners and slaveowning southerners could not agree on a route. Page: 355

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40. The 1853 Gadsden Purchase

answer

C. advanced the cause of a southern route for the transcontinental railroad. Page: 355

question

41. Which of the following statements regarding the Kansas-Nebraska Act is FALSE?

answer

E. It was sponsored by Henry Clay. Page: 356

question

42. Taxes enacted by the United States Congress to help finance the Civil War

answer

D. included a new income tax. Page: 369

question

43. During the Civil War, "greenbacks" issued by the federal government

answer

C. fluctuated in value depending on the fortunes of the Northern armies. Page: 369

question

44. At the start of the Civil War, the armed forces of the United States

answer

A. saw many of its soldiers stationed in the West. Page: 370

question

45. In 1861, President Abraham Lincoln realized that volunteer state militias

answer

A. would have to do the bulk of fighting for the Union. Page: 370

question

46. The Fourteenth Amendment

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C. gave citizenship rights to all people born in the United States. Page: 405

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47. In 1867, congressional plans for Reconstruction

answer

D. required new state governments in the South to give voting rights to black males. Page: 406

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48. The Fifteenth Amendment dealt with the issue of

answer

E. suffrage. Page: 406

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49. The Tenure of Office Act

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B. was designed to limit President Andrew Johnson's authority. Page: 406

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50. In the late nineteenth century, "range wars" in the West were often between

answer

E. white American ranchers and farmers. Page: 442

question

51. In the mid-1880s, the open-range cattle industry declined as a result of

answer

B. severe weather. Page: 442

question

52. In the late nineteenth century, the popular image of the American West

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A. presented a heroic image of cowboys. B. perceived the region to be a place offering true freedom. C. was promoted by the Rocky Mountain School. D. both presented a heroic image of cowboys, and was promoted by the Rocky Mountain School. E. All these answers are correct. Answer: E Page: 443

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53. The Rocky Mountain School of painting

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B. helped inspire the growth of tourism in the West. Page: 443

question

54. In his books, Horatio Alger

answer

C. emphasized the value of personal character in business. Page: 472

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55. The late-nineteenth-century sociologist Lester Frank Ward

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E. believed that human intelligence, not natural selection, shaped society. Page: 472

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56. In the late nineteenth century, Daniel De Leon

answer

B. led the Socialist Labor Party in the United States. Page: 472

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57. In the late nineteenth century, the social writer Henry George argued in favor of

answer

B. a single land tax to replace all other taxes. Page: 473

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58. In 1894, the population density of Manhattan in New York was

answer

E. greater than the most crowded European cities. Page: 495

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59. Tenement buildings in urban America were

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C. initially praised as an improvement in housing for the poor. Page: 495

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60. In the 1890s, Jacob Riis

answer

D. reported on the living conditions of the urban poor to encourage improvements. Page: 495-496

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61. By 1900, the transportation systems of American cities included

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A. elevated railroads. B. subways. C. electric trolleys and cable cars. D. suspension bridges. E. All these answers are correct. Answer: E Page: 496-497

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62. In 1868, President Andrew Johnson was impeached because he

answer

A. violated the Tenure of Office Act. B. offered political opposition to Radical Republicans. C. dismissed Edwin Stanton from office. D. both violated the Tenure of Office Act and dismissed Edwin Stanton from office. E. All these answers are correct. Answer: E Page: 407

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63. At the conclusion of President Andrew Johnson's impeachment trial,

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E. Johnson was acquitted by a margin of one vote. Page: 407

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64. During Reconstruction, the term "scalawags" referred to

answer

A. Southern white Republicans. Page: 407

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65. In Owen Wister's novel, The Virginian (1902), the American cowboy was

answer

E. portrayed as a simple and virtuous frontiersman. Page: 443

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66. William Cody's Wild West shows

answer

B. proved to be popular in Europe as well as the United States. Page: 444-445

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67. All of the following writers and artists made significant contributions to the romanticizing of the American West EXCEPT

answer

D. James Whistler. Page: 444-445

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