question

In your text, psychology is defined as the _____.

answer

scientific study of behavior and mental processes

question

The first step in the scientific method is ___________.

answer

forming a testable hypothesis

question

Dr. Harmon responds to radio listeners by using mostly her own common sense, beliefs and values rather than scientific research. This is__________ .

answer

pseudopsychology

question

The nature versus nurture controversy is a debate about the effects of ____________.

answer

biology and environment

question

A student is placed in a gifted program based on their IQ score. This is an example of which goal in psychology?

answer

prediction

question

The__________ perspective in psychology would seek to understand eating disorders in terms of cultural messages that emphasis the attractiveness of celebrities and unrealistically thin fashion models.

answer

sociocultural perspective

question

Cognitive psychology focuses on ____.

answer

mental processes, language, and perception

question

The idea that depression is influenced by genetics and neurotransmitters, learned responses and thinking patterns, and socioeconomic status and culture represents the _____ model of psychology.

answer

biopsychosocial

question

Observing the activities of 3 year olds from a hidden location within their daycare would be an example of the ___________ type of research method.

answer

naturalistic obervation

question

The best definition of an experiment is _____.

answer

a carefully controlled scientific procedure that determines whether variables manipulated by the experimenter have a casual effect on the other variables

question

The experimental group in an experiment is the group in which the participants _____.

answer

receive the independent variable or treatment

question

A social psychologist thinks that people are more likely to conform to a large crowd than to a single person. To test this hypothesis, the social psychologist had either one volunteer or five volunteers stand on a busy walking path on campus and look up. The psychologist stood nearby and counted the number of people passing by who also looked up. __________ is/are the independent variable in this study, and __________ is the dependent variable.

answer

a number of volunteers looking up; number of people passing who looked up

question

Which of the following statements is true about correlational studies?

answer

they are useful in predicting the association of variables

question

What is the basic function of the neuron?

answer

to transmit information throughout the nervous system

question

An impulse travels through the structures of the neuron in the following order:

answer

dendrites and the cell body, axon, terminal buttons

question

Neurotransmitters are _____.

answer

chemicals that cross the synaptic gap and bind to receptors on another neuron

question

Tonia breaks a board with her hand during a Karate test. Which division of the nervous system was responsible for her hand breaking the board?

answer

somatic nervous system

question

The autonomic nervous system is responsible for _____.

answer

maintaining homeostasis, the functioning of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems, regulation of the heart muscle, smooth muscles, and other involuntary functions

question

Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding a person's experiences and neuronal (brain) development?

answer

stimulation and experience affects the development of neurons and neuron connectivity.

question

As compared to a non-myelinated axon, an axon with myelin

answer

can transmit electrical messages faster

question

Communication within neurons is ______ whereas communication between neurons is ________.

answer

electrical; chemical

question

In most people which hemisphere is primarily responsible for language and analytical thinking?

answer

left hemisphere

question

If our parietal lobes were damaged, we would

answer

be unable to hear the words when someone is speaking to us

question

Split brain research demonstrates

answer

lateralization, that the left and right hemispheres have distinct characteristics

question

Poor working conditions or a bad marriage are classified in your text as ___________.

answer

chronic stressors

question

Research suggests that this Type A characteristic is MOST associated with heart disease.

answer

time urgency

question

Coping is an attempt to manage stress effectively. Which of the following demonstrates problem-focused coping strategies?

answer

dealing directly with the stressor to decrease or eliminate the cause of the stress such as studying for the exam

question

People who interpret stress as challenging and interesting rather than threatening or frustrating are exhibiting _____.

answer

hardiness

question

After exposure to a severe and prolonged stressor, illness and death may occur in the ____ phase of the general adaptation syndrome.

answer

exhaustion

question

Believing you are the "master of your own destiny" is an important resource for effective coping. People with a(n) ___________________feel powerless to change their circumstances and are less likely to make healthy changes, follow treatment programs, or positively cope with a situation.

answer

internal locus of control

question

Cortisol, the stress hormone, is responsible for suppressing

answer

the fight or flight response thus lowering response time

question

According to the psychoanalytic perspective, we respond to stress by using _____ which are unconscious strategies we use to distort reality and relieve anxiety or guilt.

answer

defense mechanisms

question

Heart disease is the primary cause of death for both men and women. Which of the following is/are controllable factor(s) to heart disease?

answer

a and b - obesity and smoking

question

Since there is a correlation between cancer and stress, which of the following is true?

answer

knowing a person's stress level can predict their likelihood of cancer

question

Since positive beliefs are considered a resource for coping, they are most closely related to the concept of________.

answer

emotion-focused coping

question

When awakened from ___________________ sleep, people almost always report dreaming.

answer

rapid-eye-movement (REM)

question

_____ theory states that dreams are by-products of random stimulation of brain cells, whereas the _____ view suggests dreams serve an information processing function and help us sift through our everyday experiences and thoughts.

answer

activation-synthesis; cognitive

question

Recent research suggests that REM sleep _____.

answer

is important for consolidating new memories and learning

question

People with sleep apnea:

answer

all of the above - may fail to breathe for a minute or longer, tend to snore, could be at higher risk for heart attacks

question

When repeated drug use causes changes in the body that require continued drug use to prevent withdrawal symptoms, a state of _____ has been reached.

answer

physical dependence

question

Opiates relieve pain and can induce euphoria by mimicking the brains own natural painkilling substance(s) called:

answer

endorphins

question

Most psychoactive drugs produce their mood-, energy-, and perception-altering effects by changing the brain's supply of__________.

answer

neurotransmitters

question

After having Valium prescribed to help you cope with job-related anxiety, you find a less stressful job and are anxiety-free, but you keep taking Valium because you like its effects. If you haven't increased the dosage and haven't experienced withdrawal symptoms when you have forgotten to take the Valium, then it is most likely that you are ________________.

answer

psychologically dependent on Valium

question

According to the U.S. Public Health Service, this is the single most preventable cause of death and disease in the United States.

answer

smoking

question

Sam finds that he has to drink several more beers to get the same buzz he used to get with one or two. It is likely that Sam has developed _____.

answer

a tolerance to alcohol

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