MNGT TEST 3 – Flashcards
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_____ reflects the belief that one's own group is superior to other groups.
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Ethnocentrism
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Which of the following is an invisible barrier that separates women and minorities from top management positions?
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The glass ceiling
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Paying a woman less than a man for the same work is an example of::
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Gender discrimination
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_____ are less likely than _____ to develop mentoring relationships.
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Women; men
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Which workforce generation category is characterized as ambitious but lacking loyalty to the organization?
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Generation Y
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_____ serves as invisible barriers to important horizontal movement within the organization.
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The glass wall
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Most organizations _____ shift from a monoculture perspective to one of pluralism.
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Must make a conscious effort to
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_____ is defined as all the ways in which people differ.
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Diversity
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The average U.S. worker, today, is _____ than ever.
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Older
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_____ implies that women's commitment to their children limits their commitment to the company or their ability to handle the rigors of corporate management.
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Opt-out trend
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Organizations must find ways to eliminate the glass ceiling effect. One effective way to do this has been:
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To develop mentoring relationships
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Which of the following is a basic aim of diversity awareness training?
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Helping individuals become aware of their own prejudices
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When managers who express positive emotions such as happiness, enthusiasm, and appreciation trigger these same positive emotions in employees, _____is happening.
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Emotion Contagion
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The cognitive process people use to make sense out of the environment by selecting, organizing, and interpreting information is called:
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Perception
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The tendancy to overestimate the contribution of external factors is part of which perceptual bias?
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Fundamental Attribution Error
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An overall impression of a person or situation based on one attribute, either favorable or unfavorable, is an example of:
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The Halo Effect
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_____ refers to the set of characteristics that underlie a relatively stable pattern of behavior in response to ideas, objects, or people in the environment.
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Personality
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Which of the following refers to the degree to which a person is focused on a few goals, thus behaving in ways that are responsible, dependable, persistent, and achievement oriented?
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Conscientiousness
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An individual's strong belief that he or she can successfully accomplish a specific task or outcome is referred to as:
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Self efficiacy
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The tendancy to overestimate the contribution of internal factors is part of which perceptual bias?
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Self serving Bias
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Type A behavior pattern is characterized by all of these EXCEPT:
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Relaxed Lifestyle
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Which of the following is defined as the tendency to direct much of one's behavior toward the acquisition of power and the manipulation of others for personal gain?
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Machiavellianism
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All of the following are things bad bosses do to create stress for their subordinates EXCEPT:
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Tell people exactly what is expected of them.
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_____refers to loyalty to the heavy involvement in the organization.
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Organizational commitment
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_____is the process by which individuals screen and select the various objects and stimuli that vie for their attention.
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Perceptual selectivity
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An interdisciplinary field dedicated to the study of how individuals and groups tend to act in organizations is called:
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organizational behavior.
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Research shows that _____are predisposed to being pragmatic, capable of lying to achieve personal goals, more likely to win in win-lose situations, and more likely to persuade than be persuaded.
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High Machs
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The first step in the perception process is _____.
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observation
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The general assurance in one's own ideas, judgment, and capabilities is referred to as:
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self-confidence.
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_____ leaders know and understand themselves, act consistently with high order ethical values, and empower and inspire others.
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Authentic
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The _____ leader is distinguished by his/her ability to bring about organizational change.
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transformational
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Researchers at the Ohio State University identified two major behaviors called:
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consideration and initiating structure.
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According to the leadership grid, _____ means the absence of a management philosophy, where managers exert little effort toward interpersonal relationships or work accomplishment.
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impoverished management
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Charismatic leaders are often _____ than transactional leaders.
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less predictable
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Which of the following is the power coming from a formal management position in the organization?
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Legitimate power
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Self-confidence, honesty and integrity, and the desire to lead, are all components of which personal characteristic of leaders?
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Personality
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Which type of leader clarifies the role and task requirements of subordinates?
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Transactional
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Which of the following refers to the highest level in a hierarchy of manager capabilities?
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Level 5 leadership
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Which of the following is consistent with initiating structure?
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Task oriented behavior
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Which of the following combines a series of tasks into one new, broader job?
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Job enlargement
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_____ describe the most basic human physical needs, including food, water and oxygen.
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Physiological needs
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Which of these refers to the withdrawal of a positive reward, meaning that behavior is no longer reinforced and hence is less likely to occur in the future?
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Extinction
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Which motivation theory proposes that needs must be satisfied in sequence?
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Hierarchy of needs theory
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Which of the following is the arousal, direction, and persistence of behavior?
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Motivation
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_____ occurs when an individual sees others perform certain behaviors and get rewarded for
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Vicarious learning
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According to Herzberg, _____ is an example of a hygiene factor.
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pay
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In goal-setting theory, _____ refers to the idea that employees have to "buy into" the goals
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goal acceptance
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Channel richness refers to the:
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amount of information that can be transmitted during a communication episode.
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The learned behaviors associated with being male or female are referred to as:
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gender roles
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Which of the following links employees in all directions, ranging from the president through middle management, support staff, and line employees?
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The grapevine
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What percentage of a manager's time is spent in direct communication?
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80 percent
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A centralized network is one in which
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team members communicate through one individual to make decisions.
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_____ does not focus on a single receiver, uses limited information cues, and does not permit feedback
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Bulletins
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_____ channels are channels that exist outside the formally authorized channels without regard for the organization's hierarchy of authority.
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Personal communication
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_____ refers to dialogue across boundaries and hierarchical levels about the team or organization's vision, critical strategic themes, and values that help achieve important goals.
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Strategic conversation
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Which of the following, in the communication process, has the responsibility to decode the symbols and interpret the meaning of the message?
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Receiver
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When informing your staff of the date for the company picnic, a _____ would be most practical and successful.
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memo
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Michael's team has evolved to the storming stage of team development. As team leader, what should Michael be emphasizing?
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Participation by all team members
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The forming stage of team development is characterized by:
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Orientation
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Which of the following is a formal team composed of a manager and his or her subordinates?
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Functional team
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Which of the following refers to a formal team composed of employees from about the same hierarchical level but from different areas of expertise?
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A cross-functional team
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Which of the following is more common in large teams?
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The development of subgroups
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During which stage of team development does team unity emerge?
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Norming
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During which stage of team development should the team leader help clarify team roles, norms, and values?
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Norming
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Dale's work team is beginning to resolve its conflicts and consensus is developing on such things as members' roles. Dale's team is in which stage of team development?
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Norming
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What is the ideal size of work teams?
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Five
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Which of the following behaviors is consistent with the socioemotional role?
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Reduce tension
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Which of the following is the systematic process through which managers regulate organizational activities?
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Organizational control
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According to the control model, after establishing standards of performance the manager should:
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measure actual performance.
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Focusing on how well resources and human capital are being managed for the company's future refers to which component of the balanced scorecard?
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Learning and growth
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What is the first step in the feedback control system?
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Establishing standards of performance
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An advantage of the bottom-up budgeting process is:
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lower managers are more involved.
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_____ control is the process of setting targets for an organizations expenditures.
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Budgetary
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The goal of _____ is to get every employee thinking and acting like a business owner.
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open-book management
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_____ is a control system that identifies the various activities needed to produce a product and determines the cost of those activities.
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Activity-based costing
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In the process of implementing the balanced scorecard approach at his company, operations manager Seth Howard wonders whether internal activities and processes add value for customers and shareholders. This involves which dimension of the balanced scorecard?
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Internal business processes
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The firm's financial position with respect to assets and liabilities at a specific point in time is shown by its
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balance sheet.
