MKC1-Ch. 10: Gathering & Using Information-Marketing Research & Market Intelligence – Flashcards

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marketing research
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The process of collecting, analyzing, and reporting marketing information that can be used to improve a company's bottom line.
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market research
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The process of researching a specific market to determine its size and trends.
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market intelligence
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Involves gathering information on a regular, ongoing basis to stay in touch with what's happening in the marketplace.
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marketing information system (MIS)
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A way to manage the vast amount of information firms have on hand—information marketing professionals and managers need to make good decisions. Systems range from paper-based systems to very sophisticated computer systems.
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a marketing information system components
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-A system for recording internally generated data and reports -A system for collecting market intelligence on an ongoing basis -Marketing analytic software to help managers with their decision making -A system for recording marketing research information
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clickstream data
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Information related to their Web sites, such as data generated about the number of people who visit a Web site and its various pages, how long they dwell there, and what they buy or don't buy.
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clickstream data uses
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Use it to monitor the overall traffic of visitors that a site gets, to see which areas of the site people aren't visiting and explore why, and to automatically offer visitors products and promotions by virtue of their browsing patterns.
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intranet
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Looks like the Web and operates like it, but only an organization's employees have access to the information.
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data mining
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Accessing different databases and writing computer programs to extract the right information from the right places, which managers can use to detect marketing trends.
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analytics software
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Allows managers who are not computer experts to gather all kinds of different information from a company's databases—information not produced in reports regularly generated by the company. The software incorporates regression models, linear programming, and other statistical methods to help managers answer "what if" types of questions.
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sources of information to gather market intelligence
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Search Engines and Corporate Web Sites, Publications, Trade Shows and Associations, Salespeople, Suppliers and Industry Experts, Customers
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industrial espionage
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Gathering corporate information illegally or unethically.
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Society of Competitive Intelligence Professionals code of ethics
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- To continually strive to increase the recognition and respect of the profession. - To comply with all applicable laws, domestic and international. - To accurately disclose all relevant information, including one's identity and organization, prior to all interviews. - To avoid conflicts of interest in fulfilling one's duties. - To provide honest and realistic recommendations and conclusions in the execution of one's duties. - To promote this code of ethics within one's company, with third-party contractors and within the entire profession. - To faithfully adhere to and abide by one's company policies, objectives and guidelines.
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Steps in the Market Research Process
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1) Define the Problem (or opportunity) 2) Design the Research 3) Design the Data Collection Forms 4) Specify the Sample 5) Collect the Data 6) Analyze the Data 7) Write the Research Report and Present its Findings
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Step 1: Define the Problem (or opportunity)
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To take a look at symptoms and try to drill down to the potential causes. Narrow the parameters of the study to the information you actually need to make a good decision. Put into writing the research objective.
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research objective
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The goal(s) the research is supposed to accomplish.
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Step 2: Design the Research
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To do a research design.
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research design
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"plan of attack." It outlines what data you are going to gather and from whom, how and when you will collect the data, and how you will analyze it once it's been obtained.
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primary data
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Information you collect yourself, using hands-on tools such as interviews or surveys, specifically for the research project you're conducting. More time consuming, work intensive, and expensive.
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secondary data
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Data that has already been collected by someone else, or data you have already collected for another purpose. Always try to collect this data first to solve your research problem, if you can.
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sources of secondary data
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Internal records, any data you collect as part of your marketing intelligence gathering efforts. You can also purchase syndicated research.
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syndicated research
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Primary data that marketing research firms collect on a regular basis and sell to other companies.
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Scanner-based research
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Information collected by scanners at checkout stands in stores.
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marketing research aggregator
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A marketing research company that doesn't conduct its own research and sell it. Instead, it buys research reports from other marketing research companies and then sells the reports in their entirety or in pieces to other firms.
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sources of primary data
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Interviews and surveys.
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gauging secondary data credibility
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- Who gathered this information? - For what purpose? - What does the person or organization that gathered the information have to gain by doing so? - Was the information gathered and reported in a systematic manner? - Is the source of the information accepted as an authority by other experts in the field? - Does the article provide objective evidence to support the position presented?
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types of desearch design
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- Exploratory research design - Descriptive research design - Causal research design (experiments)
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exploratory research design
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A less-structured type of research designed used to initially investigate a marketing research project that hasn't yet been defined well enough for an in-depth study to be conducted.
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depth interview
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An exploratory research technique engaging in detailed, one-on-one, question-and-answer sessions with potential buyers allows a researcher to ask logical follow-up questions to help dig further and shed additional light on the research problem.
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focus group
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A group of potential buyers who are brought together to discuss a marketing research topic with one another.
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case study
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Looks at how another company solved the problem that's being researched. Sometimes multiple cases, or companies, are used in a study.
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ethnography
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Researchers interview, observe, and often videotape people while they work, live, shop, and play.
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projective techniques
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Used to reveal information research respondents might not reveal by being asked directly.
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descriptive research design
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Involves gathering hard numbers, often via surveys, to describe or measure a phenomenon so as to answer the questions of who, what, where, when, and how.
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physiological measurements
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Measure people's involuntary physical responses to marketing stimuli, such as an advertisement.
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causal research design
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Examines cause-and-effect relationships. Using a causal research design allows researchers to answer "what if" types of questions.
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field experiment
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An experiment conducted in a natural setting such as a store.
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test market
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The place the experiment is conducted or the demographic group of people the experiment is administered to.
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Step 3: Design the Data-Collection Forms
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If the behavior of buyers is being formally observed, and a number of different researchers are conducting observations, the data obviously need to be recorded on a standardized data-collection form that's either paper or electronic. The items on the form could include a shopper's sex; his or her approximate age; whether the person seemed hurried, moderately hurried, or unhurried; and whether or not he or she read the label on products, used coupons, and so forth.
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questionnaire design
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Follow a similar format: They begin with an introduction describing what the study is for, followed by instructions for completing the questionnaire and, if necessary, returning it to the market researcher.
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double-barreled question
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Two questions in the same question. "Do you think parents should spend more time with their children and/or their teachers?"
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open-ended questions
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Questions that ask respondents to elaborate.
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closed-ended questions
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Questions that limit a respondent's answers.
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Step 4: Specify the Sample
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Once you have created your questionnaire or other marketing study, you must choose a sample.
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sample
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A subset of potential buyers that are representative of your entire target market, or population being studied
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population
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Entire target market being studied.
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sampling error
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Any type of marketing research mistake that results because a sample was utilized.
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sampling frame
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The list from which the sample is drawn. Can be put together using a directory, customer list, or membership roster.
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probability sample
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One in which each would-be participant has a known and equal chance of being selected. The chance is known because the total number of people in the sampling frame is known.
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nonprobability sample
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Any type of sample that's not drawn in a systematic way. So the chances of each would-be participant being selected can't be known.
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convenience sample
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One type of nonprobability sample. It is a sample a researcher draws because it's readily available and convenient to do so.
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Step 5: Collect the Data
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Survey data can be collected in many different ways and combinations of ways. The following are the basic methods used: -Face-to-face (can be computer aided) -Telephone (can be computer aided or completely automated) -Mail and hand delivery -E-mail and the Web
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mystery shopper
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A person who is paid to shop at a firm's establishment or one of its competitor's to observe the level of service, cleanliness of the facility, and report his or her findings to the firm.
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back translation
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A process whereby a native speaker translates a research instrument such as a survey into a foreign language and then back again to the original language to determine if there are gaps in meaning.
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Step 6: Analyze the Data
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Look for obvious errors, tabulate the data, and draw conclusions from the results.
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data cleaning
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The process of removing research data that have accidentally been duplicated (entered twice into a computer) or correcting data that have obviously been recorded wrong.
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valid (study)
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A study that actually tests what it was designed to test and not something else.
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reliable (study)
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A study that, when repeated, produces the same or nearly same results.
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Step 7: Write the Research Report and Present Its Findings
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Putting the study together.
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margin of error
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A measure of the possible inaccuracy of the data reported in a survey.
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6 Basic Elements of a Research Report
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1) Title Page 2) Table of Contents 3) Executive Summary 4) Methodology and Limitations 5) Findings 6) Recommendations
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