MIS Final Exam: Chapter 17 – Flashcards
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System Development Life
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understanding the basics of software development projects to help organizations and potential software development
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Legacy System
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old system that is fast approaching or beyond the end of its useful life within an organization
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Conversion
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the process of transferring information from a legacy system to a new system
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Software Customization
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modifies software to meet specific user or business requirements
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Off the Shelf Software
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supports general business process and does not require any specific software customization to meet organization needs
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System Development Life Cycle
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the overall process from developing information systems from planning and analysis through implementation and maintenance - determines budgets, gathers system requirements and user documentations
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Process of the System Development Life Cycle
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Business Needs > Assessment of Functions > Benefits outweighing costs
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Planning Phase
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a high level plan of intended project and determine project goals - most critical phase - organizations must carefully plan activities for success
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Change Agent
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person or event that is the catalyst for implementing major changes for a system to meet business changes
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Brainstorming
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a technique for generating ideas by encouraging participants to offer as many ideas as possible in a short period without any analysis
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Project
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a temporary activity a company takes to create a unique product, service or result
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Project Management
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application of knowledge, skills, tools, and techniques to protect activities to meet project requirements
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Project Manager
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an individual who is an expert in project planning and management, responsible for executing the entire project - develops a project scope
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Project Scope
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describes the business need, justifications, requirements and current boundaries for the project
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Project Plan
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formal approved document that manages and controls an entire project
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Analysis Phase
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firm analyses its user requirements and refines project goals into defined functions and operations of an intended system
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Business Requirements
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the specific business requests the system must meet to be successful, drive the entire system development efforts - will state what the business must accomplish in order to be succesful
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Requirements Management
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the process of managing changes to the business requirements throughout the project - dynamic in nature
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Requirements Definition Document
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prioritizes all of the business requirements by order of importance to the company
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Sign-Off
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consists of the users actual signatures indicating they approve all of the business requirements - if it does not meet requirements it is a failed system - time energy and resources to gather accurate and detailed requirements
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Process Modeling
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involves graphically representing the process that captures, manipulates, stores and distributes information between a system and its enviroment
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Data Flow Diagram
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illustrates the movement of information between external entities and the process and data stores within a system including screen layouts, business rules, process diagrams, pseudo code, and other documentation
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Computer Aided Software Engineering
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tools and software suites that automate system analysis design and development
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Design Phase
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establishes descriptions of the desired features and operations of the system - is the physical structure
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Graphical User Interface
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interface to an entire system, ability to monitor information systems for an entire system
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Development Phase
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Takes all of the detailed design documents from the design phase and transforms them into actual systems
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Software Engineering
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disciplined approach for constructing information systems through common methods, techniques or tools
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Control Objects for information and related technology (COBIT)
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A set of basic practices that help an organization to maximize the benefits of an information system while at the same time establishing appropriate controls to ensure minimum errors
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Scriptive Language
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programming method that provides for interactive models for a website
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Object Orientated Language
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group data and corresponding process into objects
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Fourth Generation Technology (4GL)
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programming languages that look similar to human languages
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Testing Phase
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brings all the project pieces together into a special testing environment to eliminate errors and bugs and verify that the system meets all the business requirements defined in the analysis phase
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Bugs
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defects in the code of an information system
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Test Conditions
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details in the steps of the system must perform with expected results - execute conditions and compare results within the actual
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Implementation Phase
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The organizations places the system into production so users can begin to perform actual business operations with it
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User Documentation
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Created that highlights how to use the system and how to troubleshoot issues or problems
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Maintenance Phase
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organization performs changes corrections additions and upgrades to ensure the system continues to meet business goals
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Corrective Maintenance
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makes system changes to repare design flaws coding errors or issues
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Preventative Maintenance
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makes system changes to reduce the chance of future system failures
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Prime Reasons for Project Failure
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unclear business requirements skipping SDLC phases failure to manage project scope and plan change in technology
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White Box Testing
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programmer perspective knowledge of the code full visibility to internal functioning
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Black Box Testing
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user perspective no knowledge of code able to observe system behaviors only
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Alpha Testing
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assess if the entire system meets design requirements of users
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Development Testing
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test the system to ensure it is bug free
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Integration Testing
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verifies that separate systems can work together passing data back and forth correctly
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System Testing
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verifies that the units or pieces of code function correctly when integrated
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User Acceptance Testing
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determine if the system satisfies the user and business requirements
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Unit Testing
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tests individual units or pieces of coding for a system
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Parallel Implementation
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uses both the legacy system and new system until all users verify that the new system functions correctly
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Plunge Implementation
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discards the legacy system and immediately migrates all users to the new system
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Pilot Implementation
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assigns a small group of people to use the new system until it is verified that it works correctly then the remaining users migrate to a new system
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Phased Implementation
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installs the new system in phases (for example my department) until it is verified that it works correctly
