Flashcards on MIS Chapter 6
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refers to the extent of detail within the information (fine and detailed or coarse and abstract)
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Information Granularity
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immediate, up-to-date information
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Real-time Information
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provide real-time information in response to requests
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Real-time Systems
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When the same data element has different values
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Information Inconsistency
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When a system produces incorrect, inconsistent, or duplicate data
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Information Integrity Issues
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refers to the overall management of the availability, usability, integrity, and security of company data
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Data Governance
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maintains information about various types of objects (inventory), events (transactions), people (employees), and places (warehouses).
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Database
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Creates, reads, updates, and deletes data in a database while controlling access and security
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Database Management System (DBMS)
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helps users graphically design the answer to a question against a database
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Query-by-example (QBE) tool
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Asks users to write lines of code to answer questions against database
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Structured Query Language (SQL)
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The smallest or basic unit of information
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Data Element
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logical data structures that detail the relationships among data elements using graphics or pictures
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Data Models
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Details about data
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Metadata
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Compiles all of the metadata about the data elements in the data model
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Data Dictionary
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stores information in the form of logically related two-dimensional tables
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Relational Database Model
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Allows users to create, read, update, and delete data in a relational database
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Relational Database Management System
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(also referred to as a table) stores information about a person, place, thing, transaction, or event
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Entity
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(Also called columns or fields) Are the data elements associated with an entity.
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Attributes
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A collection of data elements
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Record
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A field (or group of fields) that uniquely identifies a given entity in a table
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Primary Key
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A primary key of one table that appears as an attribute in another table and acts to provide a logical relationship between the two tables
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Foreign Key
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deals with the physical storage of info on a storage device
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Physical View of Information
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Focuses on how you as a knowledge worker need to arrange and access information to meeet your particular business needs.
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Logical View of Information
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The duplication of data, or the storage of the same data in multiple places
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Information Redundancy
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a measure of the quality of information
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Information Integrity
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Rules that help ensure the quality of information
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Information Constraints
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rule that enforces basic and fundamental information-based constraints
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Relational Integrity Constraints
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Defines how a company performs certain aspects of its business and typically results in either a yes/no or true/false answer
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Business Rule
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enforces business rules vital to an organization's success and often requires more insight and knowledge than relational integrity constraints
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Business-critical Integrity Constraints
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The person who writes original content for a Web site.
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Content Creator
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The person responsible for updating and maintaing website content
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Content Editor
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Includes fixed data incapable of change in the event of a user action
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Static Information
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Includes data that change based on their actions
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Dynamic Information
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An area of a Web site that stores information about products in a database.
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Dynamic Catalog
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an interactive website kept constantly updated and relevant to the needs of its customers through the use of a database
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Data-Driven Website
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website owners can make changes without relying on MIS professionals; users can update data-driven website with little or no training
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Easy to Manage Content
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data-driven websites can keep large volumes of information organized. Website owners can use templates to implement changes for layouts, navigation, or website structure. This improves website reliability, scalability, and performance
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Easy to Store Large Amounts of Data
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data-driven websites trap data-entry errors, eliminating inconsistencies while ensuring all information is entered correctly
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Easy to Eliminate Human Errors
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A logical collection of information - gathered from many different operational databases - that supports business analysis activities and decision-making tasks
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Data Warehouse
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A process that extracts information from internal and external databases, transforms the information using a common set of enterprise definition, loads the information into the data warehouse
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Extraction, Transformation, and Loading (ETL)
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Contains a subset of data warehouse information
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Data Mart
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The common term for the representation of multidimensional information
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Information Cube
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a process that weeds out and fixes or discards inconsistent, incorrect, or incomplete information
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Information Cleansing or Scrubbing
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determines the accuracy and completeness of a firms data
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Data Quality Audits
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Process of analyzing data to extract information not offered by the raw data alone
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Data Mining
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use a variety of techniques to find patterns and relationships in large volumes of information that predict future behavior and guide decision making
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Data-Mining Tools
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Data already in a database or spreadsheet
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Structured Data
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Data that do not exist in a fixed location and can include text documents, PDFs, voice messages, emails, etc.
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Unstructured Data
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analyzes unstructured data to find trends and patterns in words and sentences
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Text Mining
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analyzes unstructured data associated with websites to identify consumer behavior and website navigation
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Web Mining
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A technique used to divide an information set into mutually exclusive groups such that the members of each group are as close together as possible to one another and the different groups are as far apart as possible
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Cluster Analysis
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Reveals the relationship between variables along with the nature and frequency of the relationships
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Association Detection
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Analyzes such items as websites and checkout scanner information to detect customers' buying behavior and predict future behavior by identifying affinities among customers' choices of products and services
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Market Basket Analysis
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Performs such functions as information correlations, distributions, calculations, and variance analysis
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Statistical Analysis
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Time-stamped information collected at a particular frequency
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Time-series Informarion
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Predictions based on time-series information
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Forecasts
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accessing large amounts of date from different management information systems
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Informing
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Displays information graphically so it can be easily understood
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Infographics
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Describes technologies that allow users to "see" or visualize data to transform information into a business perspective
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Data Visualization
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Move beyond Excel graphs and charts into sophisticated analysis techniques such as pie charts, controls, instruments, maps, time-series graphs, and more
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Data Visualization Tools
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Track corporate metrics such as critical success factors and key performance indicators and include advanced capabilities such as interactive controls allowing users to manipulate data for analysis
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Business Intelligence Dashboard
