MIS 3300: Chapter 1 & 2 & 3 – Flashcards
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processes
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Sequence of tasks or activities that take a set of inputs & convert them into desired outputs; a generic process: PROCURE, FULILL, SHIP
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Procurement
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Acquire the basic materials for production (OBTAIN PRODUCTS FROM AN EXTERNAL SUPPLIER)
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Production
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Manufacture/Generate the desired goods/services
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Fulfillment
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Deliver the goods/services to customers/resellers (PROCESS OF FILLING AN ORDER)
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Problems with Information Silos
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•Delays -Increased lead times or increased cycle times • Over- or under-stocking • Lack of visibility across a process (or among processes) • And more: data inconsistency, ...
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Information Systems: FIS - Functional Information Systems
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ONLY support 1 (yes one) "functional" area of the organization. They can help a particular functional area(a dept. like for example sales) be more efficient, but FIS (functional information systems) lack, yes lack the ability to communicate with OTHER functional dept's. within the organization.
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Information Systems: EIS - Enterprise Systems
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Supports processes across the ENTIRE ORGANIZATION rather than just 1 part(s) of the org. EIS (Enterprise Information Systems) integrate ALL FUNCTIONAL AREAS ; enhance effectiveness ; speed up the process (crucial because EIS provide better visibility, reduce delays ; inventories).
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Key Process Flows
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Order of flow: 1)Physical flow (Actual process) 2) Data/Document flow (corresponds are associated with each instance of a process) A) Enterprise System enters picture that leads to final flow of: 3)Information flow is associated with each instance of the process as well as at an aggregate level
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Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP)
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Integrate functional and cross-functional business processes within a company (intracompany processes)
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Supply Chain Management (SCM)
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-Production demand requirements planning - Transportation and logistics optimization -intercompany process
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Supplier Relationship Management (SRM)
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Manage quotation and contracts; intercompany process
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Customer Relationship Management (CRM)
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Manage marketing, sales and service for customers; intercompany process
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Product Lifecycle Management (PLM)
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Administer the processes of research, design and product management
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Best-of-breed applications
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Support one process or part of a process
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Niche applications
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Composite applications on top of an enterprise system
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Organizational Data
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- Define the organizational structure of the enterprise - Include definitions of Companies (subsidiaries, etc.), divisions based on, product or geographical hierarchy, Sales organizations, Purchasing organizations, Physical facilities (plants, warehouses, distribution centers) and HR organization - Data rarely changes
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Master Data
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- Define key entities in an organization - Example: Customer, supplier, products, employee - Data changes occasionally
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Transaction Data
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Data that is the consequence of day-to-day transaction - Example: Sales, production, purchase
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Processes
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consist of many steps that organization has to complete (and there are many steps)
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MODERN GLOBAL BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT has created
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1) Global competition 2) Information Revolution 3) "Knowledge Worker"
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GLOBAL COMPETITION means
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increased competition among companiesto be MORE EFFCIENT ; EFFECTIVE
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INFORMATION REVOLUTION
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Increased use of ICT (Information Communication Technology), ex: data, documents, voice, video
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Did globalization lead to ICT or vice versa
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Yes, globalization lead to ICT
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KNOWLEDGE WORKER
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INCREASING DEPENDENCE ON INFORMATION TO DO THEIR WORK!!!! NON-ROUTINE ; NON REPETIVE TASKS.
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TASK WORKERS
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ARE ROUTINE AND STRUCTURED TASK WORKERS, EX CUSTOMER SERVICE, CLERKS, (VERY NARROWLY FOCUSED)
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INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
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IS THE KNOW-HOW, THE METHODS, THE TOOLS ; MATERIAL USED TO SUPPORT INFORMATION SYSTEMS
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TYPES OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS
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1) INFRASTRUCTURAL 2) (TPS)TRANSACTION 3) B2B (BIZ 2 BIZ) 4) B2C (BIZ 2 CUSTOMER) 5) B2C (BIZ INTELLIGENCE)
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FUNCTIONAL STRUCTURE
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1) COMMON FUNCTIONS GROUPED TOGETHER IN A COMPANY (SALES, MKTING, HR). EMPHASIS DIVISION OF LABOR ; SPECIALIZATION ; MAKES THE TASK OF MANAGING LARGE ORG.'S SIMPLER
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FUNCTIONS VS PROCESS'
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SUPPLY CHAIN FUNCTION VS SALES OR MKTING WHICH IS A PROCESS
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FUNCTIONAL VS. PROCESS
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FUNCTIONAL PERFORMED IN TERMS OF DISTINCT FUNCTIONS VS PROCESS FOCUSES ON INTERRELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN FUNCTIONS THAT ARE NEEDED TO EFFECTIVELY COMPLETE THE WORK
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ORGANIZATIONS SHOULD NOT
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WORK IN SILO'S; THEREFORE, PRESSURES OF GLOBALIZATION FORCING ORGANIZATIONS TO WORK TOGETHER TO REDUCE COSTS, LEAD TIMES, ETC.
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PAPER BASED PROCESS
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EQUALS DELAYS AND WORKING IN SILOS
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FUNCTIONAL SYSTEMS
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EQUALS COMMUNICATION ACROSS an ORG'S DEPT'S: SALES, WAREHOUSE, ACCOUNTING VIA A SALES INFO SYSTEM THAT CAN COMMUNICATE WITH THE WMS THAT CAN COMMUNICATE WITH THE ACCT.ING SYSTEM
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Porters competitive strategy
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A) COMPETITIVE FORCES: • Competition from vendors of substitutes. • Competition from new competitors. • Competition from existing rivals. B) BARGAINING POWER FORCES: • Bargaining power of suppliers. • Bargaining power of customers.
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COMPETITIVE STRATEGY ANALYSIS Five Forces Assessment
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1) Bargaining power of cult's 2) Bargaining power of suppliers 3) Threat of Substitutes 4) Threat of new entrants 5) Rivalry
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Business Processes
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Sequence of tasks; eNetwork of activities that generate value by utilizing inputs received ; produces outputs; An activity can be performed by a human or computer system (or both).
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Processes using Enterprise Systems
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Enterprise Systems
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Functional View vs Process View
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Functional = work performed terms of distinct functions Process View = focuses on interrelationships between functions that are needed to effectively complete the work!
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Porter's five forces model states that the competitive forces determine ____________.
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d. industry profitability.
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The intensity of each of the five forces determines:
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how profitable the industry is
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An example of a barrier to entry would be the cost of setting up a(n):
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automobile manufacturing plant
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Kelly goes into a restaurant and orders a cup of coffee, only to find that they are out of coffee, but have decaf, which she buys instead. This would be an example of which of the five forces?
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the threat of substitution
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Coke and Pepsi are constantly doing taste tests to prove which is a more popular drink. They spend a great deal on advertisements every year, as well. This is an example of which of the five forces?
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rivalry among existing firms
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Linda is in the computer repair businesses. Mark and Jill, two recent university graduates are unemployed, but are thinking of doing computer repairs at their homes. This is an example of which of the five forces?
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threat of new entrants
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A company gains a competitive advantage due to differentiation in their industry when they convince customers that their product is ________________ than their competitors.
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better
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The amount of money that a customer is willing to pay for a service is its
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value
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The _____________ consists of both primary and support activities
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five forces model
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Which of the following is not included in support activities for a value chain?
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Service
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Support activities include all of the following, EXCEPT
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Sales
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It is difficult to calculate the ______________ of a lot of support activities.
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margin
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Which of the following activities is not considered part of the primary activities in the value chain?
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manufacturing
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Ordering goods is considered part of which activity in the value chain?
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inbound logistics
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general management is considered part of which activity in the value chain?
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infrastructure
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Porter's model of the value chain and its linkages started a movement to create ____________________, cross-departmental business systems.
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integrated
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A manufacturing system will use ________ to extrapolate sales forecasts to plan production.
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linkages
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Business ______________ is centered on the idea that businesses should not automate existing systems, but should create new ones instead.
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process design
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The _________ of a process is the expense of inputs plus activities.
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cost
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The ____________ of a business process is the value of outputs minus costs.
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margin
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_____________ flow between activities.
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resources
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________________ may store physical items like inventory, or hold data.
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facilities
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Streamlining business process is a key to:
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competitive advantage
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Streamlining business processes will:
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increase margin
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In comparing Wal-mart to Macy's, Wal-mart has chosen which competitive strategy?
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low-cost
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Jaguar has chosen what competitive strategy?
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differentiation
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Organizations must design _________________ that span value-generating activities.
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business processes
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The business processes that are selected by an organization determine the scope of the organization's _______________.
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information system
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An organization must determine its ________________ before designing business processes
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activities
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__________________ is not a principle describing how a product or service can be used to gain competitive advantage.
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speed of a product of service
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Cell phone providers charge large fees if you cancel or transfer your service during the first two years, thus ______________ customers.
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locking in
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Bob's firm makes it easy for its suppliers to connect and work with his company, thus __________ the supplier.
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locking in
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When they first started, EBay gained a competitive advantage by:
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creating new products and services
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An iPod would be an example of how Apple gained competitive advantage by:
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creating new products or services
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Which is not a way for a company to achieve a competitive advantage?
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raising prices
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If you stay in touch with fellow students after you graduate, which principle of competitive advantage are you mainly demonstrating?
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establishing alliances
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Locking in customers and suppliers to your company's product or service is an example of
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switching costs
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High ___________________ make it difficult for customers to change to another product or service.
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switching cost
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When a company copyrights new programs and products they are trying to gain a competitive advantage by:
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establishing alliances
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A company that develops and uses an information system that is expensive to duplicate can gain a competitive advantage by:
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creating barriers to entry
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A barrier to entry can be constructed by
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obtaining a patent
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When a company in the auto industry uses robots to work on the assembly lines they are trying to gain competitive advantage by:
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reducing costs
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___________________ is an initiative a company uses to gain advantage if it can sell more units at a lower price while providing quality and maintaining or increasing its profit margin.
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reducing costs
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During a job search, how could you demonstrate the competitive advantage, "Reduce costs?" (Besides taking a lower salary!)
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build a case that an employer would save money by hiring you because of your expertise
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Businesses seek to use IT in order to gain _______________ over other businesses seeking the same customers.
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competitive advantage
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When a stock trading firm opens a new site for online stock transactions they might gain competitive advantage by:
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product enhancement
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In the future, what will probably happen to those who do not have Internet access?
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They will fall further and further behind those with access.
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The fact that rich countries have better access to the intellectual capital stored on the Internet is known as:
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the digital divide
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The basic idea of the digital divide is that:
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access to the Internet is limited to rich countries.
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One of the most effective ways of finding a job is by forming an alliance with others, called
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networking
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_________ is used to request that the company produce a specified quantity of goods a. Production Order b. Planned Order c. Purchase Order d. Sales Order
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Planned Order
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Which of the following is the result of the product design process? a. Product Routing b. Bill of Material c. Engineering Drawing d. Packing List
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Engineering Drawing
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Which department creates a planned order? a. Warehouse b. Production c. Sales d. Purchasing
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Warehouse
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High _________ makes it difficult for customers to change to another product or service. a. Elevations b. Expectations c. Switching Costs d. Differentiations
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Switching Costs
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Which of the following is an example of master data? Data about: a. Customers b. Purchase orders c. Sales Organizations d. Company Code
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Customers
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When using an ES, the person responsible for preparing shipments can retrieve a list of orders that need to be shipped. Such a list is called: a. Billing due list b. Delivery due list c. Order due list d. Customer order list
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Delivery due list
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In the fulfillment process, which department prepares and sends the quotation? a. Sales b. Purchasing c. Accounting d. Production
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Sales
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Which of the following is not always a component of a computer based information system? a. Data b. Software c. Hardware d. People e. Encryption
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Encryption
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In the procurement process, which department receives the purchase requisition? a. Sales b. Purchasing c. Warehouse d. Accounting
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Purchasing
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If the silo effect is a consequence, why do companies organize by business function? a. Because specialization allows companies to be more efficient b. Because one person completing all tasks of a process is more efficient c. Because functional organizations can more easily downsize, minimizing labor costs d. Because it's always been done that way
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Because specialization allows companies to be more efficient
