Milady’s Chapter 7 Basics of Electricity – Flashcards
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Insulator (or Nonconductor)
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a substance that does not easily transmit electricity.
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Direct current (DC)
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is a constant, even flowing current that travels in one direction only.
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Examples of direct current (DC)
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flashlights, cellular telephones, and cordless electric drills
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The battery in your car stores what?
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electrical energy.
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Converter
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Is an apparatus that changes direct current to alternating current. Some cars have converters that allow you to use appliances that would normally be plugged into an electrical wall outlet.
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Alternating current (AC)
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is a rapid and interrupted current, flowing first in one direction and then in the opposite direction.
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Volt (V) Or voltage
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is the unit that measures the pressure or force that pushes the flow of electrons forward through a conductor, much like the water pressure that pushes the water molecules through a hose.
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Kilowatt (K)
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is 1000 watts. The electricity in your house is measured by this per hour. (kwh) A 1000 watt (1-kilowatt) hair dryer uses 1,000 watts of energy per second.
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circuit breaker
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is a switch that automatically interrupts or shuts off an electric circuit at the first indication of overload.
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How many connections must all electrical appliances have?
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At least two
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Polarity
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indicates the negative or positive pole of an electric current.
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What is the most commonly used modality
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Galvanic current.
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Iontophoresis (ionization)
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is a term for the process of intro ducting water-soluble products into the skin with the use of electric current, such as that from the positive and negative poles of a galvanic machine.
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Cataphoresis
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forces acidic substances into deeper tissues by using galvanic current from the positive toward the negative pole.
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Desincrustation
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This process is frequently used to treat acne, milia,(small, white cyst-like pimples), and comedones (blackheads and whiteheads)
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Sinusoidal current
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is similar to faradic current and is also used during scalp and facial manipulations.
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What describes the following: supplies greater stimulation, deeper penetration, and is less irritating than faradic current. Soothes the nerves and penetrates into deeper muscle tissue. And is best suited for the nervous client?
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Sinusoidal current
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Microcurrent
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is an extremely low level of electricity that mirrors the body's own natural electrical impulses.
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Through electrical stimulation, what works by mimicking the way that the brain relays messages to the muscles. it is reported to aid in the healing and repairing of tissue and to influence cellular activity. The goal is to speed up the body's natural regenerative processes using the proper amount of low level current , less than 400 uA's ?
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Microcurrent
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Tesla high frequency current
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is a thermal or heat producing current with a high rate of oscillation or vibration. It is commonly called the violet ray and is used for both scalp and facial treatments. it doesn't produce muscle contractions, and it's effects can be either stimulating or soothing depending on the method of application. The electrodes are made from either glass or metal, and only one electrode is used to perform a service.
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Benefits using Tesla high frequency current are?
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stimulates blood circulation, improves glandular activity , increases elimination and absorption, increases metabolism , improves germicidal action relieves congestion.
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What are some contraindications of Electrotherapy?
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Contraindications of what? Pacemaker/heart conditions/high blood pressure Epilepsy Open cuts, sores, pustular acne, or abrasions, Diabetes, Metal dental or facial implants including braces, pins or plates pregnancy Dilated capillaries (telangiectasias, or spider veins) recent laser resurfacing or chemical peels clients using accutane or retinoids
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What speed do light or electrical waves travel?
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186,000 miles per second.
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In esthetics work, what are the three kinds of light rays we are concerned about?
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Those producing heat, known as infrared rays, those producing chemical and germicidal reaction, known as ultraviolet rays, and visible light, all of which are contained within the spectrum of the sun.
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Visible light
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is electromagnetic radiation that we can see.
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Electromagnetic radiation
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also called radiant energy, carries or radiates energy through space on waves.
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Ultraviolet A (UVA)
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the longest of the UV rays and penetrate directly into the dermis of the skin, damaging the collagen and elastin. They are often used in tanning beds
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Light therapy
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From dermatologists using ultraviolet rays for treating psoriasis to estheticians using blue and red light therapy for acne to surgeons using the most high tech lasers for advanced surgical procedures, this power is here to stay?
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Depending on the type of therapy, UV application should begin with exposure times of how many minutes with a gradual increase in exposure time to how many minutes
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begin with 2-3 minutes max exposure 7-8 minutes
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White light
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is referred to as combination light because it is a combination of all the visible rays of the spectrum. it has the benefits of all the rays of the visible spectrum.
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Blue light
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should be used only on oily skin that is bare. It contains few heat rays, is the least penetrating and has some germicidal and chemical benefits.
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Red light
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is used on dry skin in combination with oils and creams. It penetrates the deepest and produces the most heat.
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Blue light is used for what skin type?
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Oily (oily has 4 letters and ??? light has 4 letters)
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Red light is used for what skin type?
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Dry (dry has 3 letters and ??? light has 3 letters)
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What works by selective photothermolysis?
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All lasers work by selective ?????
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Photothermolysis is
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a process that turns the light from the laser into heat.
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What is the difference between conductors and insulators?
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Difference between conductors and insulators: Conductors easily transmit electricity (like metals such as copper) Insulators (or non conductors) does not easily transit electricity. (rubber, silk, wood , glass)
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What does the acronym Laser stand for?
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light amplification stimulation emission of radiation
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Name benefits of Tesla high frequency current
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stimulates blood circulation improves glandular activity increases elimination and absorption increases metabolism improves germicidal action relieves congestion
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What is electromagnetic radiation?
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energy in the form of electromagnetic waves; also called radiant energy because it carries, or radiates, energy through space on waves
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What is visible light?
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the primary source of light used in facial and scalp treatments.
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What are the five main types of light therapy and what do they do?
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UV Infrared White light Blue light REd light
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Benefits of Ultraviolet light therapy?
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eliminates waste products , improves blood flow and lymph, germicidal and antibacterial effect, produces vitamin D in the skin. Can be used to treat rickets, psoriasis, and acne
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Benefits of Infrared therapy?
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Heats and relaxes the skin dilates blood vessels and increases circulation produces chemical changes increases metabolism increases production of perspiration and oil deep penetration relieves pain in sore muscles soothes nerves
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Benefits of White light
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relieves pain in the back of the neck and shoulders produces some chemical and germicidal effects relaxes muscles
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Benefits of Blue light
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soothes nerves improves acne improves skin tone provides some chemical and germicidal effects used for mild cases of skin eruptions produces little heat
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Benefits of Red light
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Improves dry, scaly, wrinkled skin increases rate of collagen building relaxes muscles penetrates the deepest produces the most heat
