Milady’s ch. 7 Basics of Chemistry – Flashcards
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What is an example of an organic substance?
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Plastic
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What is the simplest form of chemical matter?
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Element
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How are elements identified?
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By letter symbols
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What is it called when a chemical changes its state but not its composition?
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Physical change
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What is an example of a liquid?
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Serum
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What is the most abundant element found on earth?
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oxygen
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What is the general composition of air by volume?
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One part oxygen and four parts nitrogen
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What is the most commonly used cosmetic ingredient?
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Water
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What is the range of the pH scale?
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0 to 14
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What does ionization create?
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Two new ions with opposite electrical charges
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What color does a base turn red litmus paper?
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Blue
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A pH of eight is _____ times more alkaline than a pH of seven.
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10
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What is a characteristic of suspensions?
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Slightly miscible
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How long should a properly-stored emulsion remain stable?
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Three years
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What is an example of an oil-in-water emulsion?
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Moisturizing lotion
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T/F Estheticians work with chemistry every day.
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True
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T/F Understanding chemistry helps you to understand how to layer products in services
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True
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T/F Inorganic substances are flammable
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False
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T/F The atoms of each element are different in structure from the atoms of all other elements
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True
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T/F Atoms can be divided into simpler substances by ordinary chemical means
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False
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T/F Most water is pure
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False
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T/F It may not be beneficial to the skin for the esthetician to cross over in product lines when providing services
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True
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T/F When a substance is oxidized, the oxidizer is always reduced.
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True
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T/F Suspensions contain smaller particles than solutions do.
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False
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T/F A disadvantage of oil-in-water emulsions is that they will not easily rinse away with water.
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False
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Uniform mixture of two or more substances
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Suspensions
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Combination of two or more substances that are united physically, in any proportions with combined properties
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Physical mixture
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These have neither a definite size nor a definite shape
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Gases
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Unstable mixture of two or more immiscible substances
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Solution
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Chemical reaction in which the oxidizing agent is reduced and the reducing agent is oxidized
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Redox reaction
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Droplets of water dispersed in an oil
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Water-in-oil emulsion
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Has a definite size but not a definite shape
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Liquids
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Substances with a pH below 7.0
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Acids
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Used to emulsify oil and water
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Surfactants
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Characteristics that can be determined only with a chemical reaction and that cause a chemical change in the identity of the substance
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Chemical properties
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Droplets of oil dispersed in water with the aid of an emulsifying agent
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Oil-in-Water emulsion
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Characteristics that can be determined without a chemical reaction and that do not cause a chemical change in the identity of the substance
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Physical properties
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Rapid oxidation of a substance, accompanied by the production of heat and light
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Combustion
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Has a definite size and a definite shape
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Solids
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Also known as bases; has a pH above 7.0
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Alkalis
