Milady Chapter 13 Electricity – Flashcards
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Nonconductor
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Also known as an insulator; is a material that does not transmit electricity. Rubber, silk, wood, glass
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Complete electric circuit
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Is the path of negative and positive electric currents moving from the generating source through the conductors and back to the generating source
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Direct current
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Abbreviated DC; is a constant even- flowing current that travels in one direction only and is produced by chemical.
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Converter
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Is an apparatus that changes direct current to alternating current.
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Alternating current
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Abbreviated AC; is a rapid and interrupted current, flowing first in one-direction and then in the opposite direction.
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Rectifier
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Is an apparatus that changes alternating current (AC) to a direct current (dc)
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Volt/voltage
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Is the unit that measures the pressures or force that pushes electric current forward through a conductor
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Ampere/amp
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Is the unit that measures the strength of an electric current
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Milliampere
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1/1000 of an ampere
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Ohm
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Is the unit that measures the resistance of an electric current.
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Watt
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Is a unit that measures how much electric energy is being used in one second
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Kilowatt
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Is 1000 watts
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Fuse
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Prevents excessive current from passing through a circuit. Is designed to blow out or melt when the wire becomes to hot from overloading the circuit with too much current
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Circuit breaker
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Is a switch that automatically interrupts or shuts off an electric circuit at the first indication of an overload.
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Grounding
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Completes an electric circuit and carries the current safely away. It is another important way to promote electrical safety.
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Grounding pin
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Is the third prong to a plug that is designed to guarantee a safe path of electricity if the plug is improperly connected.
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Modalities
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Currents used in electrical facial and scalp treatments
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Electrical currents are usually referred to as:
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Electrotherapy
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Electrode
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Is an applicator for directing electric current from an electrotherapy device to the clients skin.
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Another name for an electrode:
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Probe
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Each modality requires 2 electrodes:
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Negative and positive.
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Polarity
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Is the positive and negative pole of an electric current.
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Anode
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The positive electrode. Marked red and with a P or +
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Cathode
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The negative electrode that is marked black with a N or -
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The 3 main modalities used in cosmetology:
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Galvanic, microcurrent, tesla high-frequency
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Galvanic Current
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Is a constant and direct current, having a positive and negative pole, that produces chemical changes when it passes through the tissues and fluids of the body.
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Active electrode
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Is the electrode used on the area to be treated.
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Inactive electrode
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Is the opposite pole from the active electrode.
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Iontophoresis
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Is the process of infusing water-soluble products into the ski with the use electric current, such as the use of the positive and negative poles of a galvanic machine.
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Cataphoresis
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Infuses an acidic (positive) product into deeper tissues using galvanic current from the positive pole toward the negative pole
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Anaphoresis
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Infuses an alkaline (negative) product into the tissue from the negative pole towards the positive pole
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Desincrustation
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Is a form of Anaphoresis and is a process used to soften and emulsify grease deposits (oil) and blackhead, in the hair follicles.
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Microcurrent
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Is an extremely low level of electricity that mirrors the body's natural electrical pulses
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Tesla high-frequency current
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Is a thermal or heat producing current with a high rate of oscillation or vibration that is commonly used for scalp and facial treatments.
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Another word for violet ray
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Tesla high-frequency current.
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Electromagnetic spectrum
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Is the name given to all the forms of energy (or radiation) that exist
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Radio waves
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Forms of energy in the Electromagnetic spectrum
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Energy moves through space on ____
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Waves
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Wavelength
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The distance between successive peaks of electromagnetic waves
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Waveform
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Is the measurement of the distance between 2 wavelengths
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Long wave lengths
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Low frequency (less waves), deeper penetration, and less energy
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Short wave lengths
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High frequency (more waves), less penetration, and more energy
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Visible spectrum of light
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Is the part of the electromagnetic spectrum that can be seen. 35% of natural light.
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Invisible light
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Is the light at either end of the visible spectrum of light that is invisible to the naked eye. Makes up 65% of natural light.
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Ultraviolet light
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Is the invisible light that has a short wavelength (giving it higher energy), is less penetrating that visible light, causes chemical reactions to happen more quickly than visible light, and kills some germs
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Another name for ultraviolet light
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Cold light & actinic light
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Ultraviolet A (UVA)
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Light has the longest wave lengths of the UV light spectrum and penetrates directly into the dermis of the skin & damages the collagen and elastin. Used in tanning beds
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Ultraviolet B (UVB)
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Is often called the burning light because it causes sunburns. Both UVA & UVB light cause skin cancers.
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Ultraviolet C (UVC)
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Light is blocked by the ozone layer. If earth loses the protection layer of the ozone, life will no longer exist because it protects us from UVC radiation.
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Infrared light
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Has longer wavelengths, penetrates more deeply, has less energy and produces more heat than visible light. 60% of natural light.
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Infrared lamps
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Are used mainly during hair conditioning treatments and to process hair color. At saunas and spas for relaxation and for warming up muscles.
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Catalyst
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Are substances that speed up chemical reactions. Use heat as energy. They absorb energy like a battery.
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Light therapy
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Is the application of light to rays to the skin for the treatment of wrinkles, capillaries, pigmentation, or hair removal.
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Light therapy are also known as _____
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Phototherapy
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Lasers acronym
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Light amplification stimulation emission of radiation
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Laser
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It is a medical deci e that uses electromagnetic radiation for hair removal and skin treatments.
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Photothermolysis
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A process that turns the light from the laser into heat
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LED stands for
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Light-emitting diode
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Light-emitting diode
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Is a medical device used to reduce acne, increase skin circulation, and improve collagen content in the skin
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How does LED work?
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By releasing light onto the skin to stimulate specific responses at precise depths of the skin tissue. Each color of light corresponds to a different depth.
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Chromophore
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The LED light color seeks a color in the skin tissue
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Blue LED light
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Reduces acne Reduces bacteria
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Red LED light
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Increases circulation Improves collagen and elastin production Stimulates wound healing
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Yellow LED light
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Reduces swelling and inflammation Improves lymphatic flow Detoxifies and increases circulation
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Green LED light
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Reduces hyper pigmentation Reduces redness Calms and soothes
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Intense pulse light
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Is a medical device that uses multiple colors and wavelengths of focused light to treat spider veins, hyper pigmentation, rosacea, and redness, wrinkles, enlarged hair follicles,NAND pore, and excessive hair.
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