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51. The fact that sexual identities have only recently emerged as a concept suggests

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they are socially constructed.

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52. The racial-ethnic group with the greatest number of children under 18 not living with either parent is

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African American.

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53. Statistics from 2006 show that ____ of American Indian births were to mothers who were unmarried.

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36%

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54. Among Hispanics, the racial-ethnic group members who, on average, are the least likely to formally marry are

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Puerto Ricans.

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55. Family households in the United States most likely to marry a spouse of a different race are from the __________ racial-ethnic group.

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Asian American

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56. Based on sociological studies, those kinship ties that engender the strongest feelings of obligation are

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vertical kinship ties including parents to children to grandchildren

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57. Social science research provides evidence that most children develop a gender identity during

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pre-school years.

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58. A significant development in the twentieth century that has changed the relationship between sex-as-reproduction to sex-as-pleasure is:

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Modern Methods of Contraception

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59. A study in 2001 on television programs found that there were more ________ characters who show themselves to be __________?

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Male/independent

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60. Upper class families in the United States are characterized by which of the following:

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They tend to be highly recognized as part of the social and cultural elite of their communities.

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61. The first wave of Cuban-American immigrants, in contrast to most other major immigrant groups in the United States, arrived in _____.

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a political migration

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62. To conduct ___________ studies, researchers may join the group they are interested in and live with them for a period of time.

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observational (field research)

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63. A person's sexual orientation is a result of

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still undetermined

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66. The group most likely to show a link between biology and homosexuality would be

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identical twins

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67. In 2004, the state of _______________ became the first state to legalize same-sex marriage, joining the countries of Canada, Spain, Belgium and the Netherlands.

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Massachusetts

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68. The ______ put the country on its ear when it published the results about men's sexual behavior.

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Kinsey report (essay of interviews with men about their sexual behavior)

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*69. Working and middle class parents differ in their choice of important childrearing values primarily because of

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Different job Experience

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70. Kinship networks of the poor

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Spread the burden of poverty Will share whatever they have even if they are poor Help others to get by day by day

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71. According to the interactionist approach, gender differences between men and women exist primarily because of

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everyday behavior that reinforces gender distinctions . theory that gender identification and behavior are based on the day-to-day behavior that reinforces gender distinctions (situated conduct)

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72. Social constructivists believe that sexual identities

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the belief that human sexual identities are entirely socially constructed (created)

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73. The feminist-influenced branch of men's studies believe that male aggressiveness is

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a social construct

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74. An adult child who takes care of elderly parents—shopping and cooking for them, taking them to doctors, and so on—is producing a ___________.

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Public good

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75. The play of boys and girls, even those who are older (fifth grade and above), differs in that boys are more likely to play __________, while girls are more likely to play __________.

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in large groups with a goal; in small groups without a goal

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76. From a(n) _______ perspective, people are viewed as rational beings who decide whether to exchange goods or services by considering the benefits they will receive, the costs they will incur, and the benefits they might receive if they chose an alternative course of action.

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exchange perspective

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77. Nagel wrote of "ethnic renewal" where people increasingly identify themselves as

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in which people of mixed heritage have increasingly identified themselves as American Indians due to factors such as American ethnic policies and American Indian political activism.

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78. The idea that sexual acts and preferences are socially organized is no more than _____ years old.

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150

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79. The overwhelming predominance of _________ suggests that it is the typical manner in which people have made sense out of sex.

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the two gender model

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80. Of the following, which is not true about the "family of choice"? (a family formed through voluntary ties among individuals who are not biologically or legally related)

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Always include one or more legal or biological member of one's family of origin

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81. Changes in sexual activity in the United States since the start of the century have served to:

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weaken the role of marriage as the core of family life

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82. Of the following, the best example of an assortative marriage would be

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a Protestant college graduate marrying a Catholic college graduate The tendency of people to marry others similar to themselves

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83. When Barack Obama was born in Hawaii to an interracial married couple in 1961 at least ________ states had laws forbidding marriages between whites and non-whites.

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15

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84. According to the __________ perspective personal identity and choices become more important and more often reflected upon.

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Post-Modern

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85. Beginning in the late 1800s through 1973 homosexuality was thought to be

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a psychological illness

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86. Which of the following is not a factor in gender socialization of children?

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ancestors

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87. "Living apart together" (LAT), people who are intimately involved but live in separate households,

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A relationship in which two people define themselves as a couple but do not live together

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89. Sociologists generally do not use experiments to prove or disprove relationships between two factors since ______ is seldom possible.

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randomization

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90. ______________ individualism can best be described as a style of life that emphasizes the development of ones own feelings and emotional satisfaction.

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Expressive

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91. Psychologist Eleanor Maccoby suggests that same sex peer groups reinforce a(n) __________ interaction style in boys and a(n) __________ interaction style in girls.

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Dominance-oriented; cooperative

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92. When comparing African American and white families it can be said that black families are more likely to

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Include an extended family member Have ties to a kin network Have a grandparent play a strong roles in children's lives

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93. All of the following are advantages that middle-class children gain from "the accomplishment of natural growth" except which?

answer

They are more physically fit

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94. A consistent finding across all studies of the play behavior of young girls and boys is that

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boys, on average, show more competitive behavior than girls.

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95. Of the following which is "gendered"?

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Housework Child care Work for wages

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96. Mary Ainsworth showed that for children

answer

Secure attachment

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