MID TERM REVIEW – Flashcards
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Harry tells his friend that he is going to see his doctor because he is afraid that his unprotected sexual encounter has left him with "the clap." Harry is concerned that he has contracted _____.
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Gonorrhea
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The most common sexual outlet for adolescents is ________.
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Masturbation
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Which of the following statements regarding sex and the media is TRUE?
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All of these choices.
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The most common STI for individuals of ages 15-24 in the United States is ______.
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Genital warts
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Research suggests that sexual attraction is determined by ________.
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All of these choices
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Which of the following STIs is caused by a virus?
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Genital herpes
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Adolescent boys are MORE likely than adolescent girls to cite ______ as a reason for becoming sexually active.
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Peer pressure
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The current pregnancy rate for teen girls between the ages of 15 and 19 is ____ which is _____ than the rate in previous years.
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26.5 births per 1000 females; lower
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For most adolescents, oral sex is _______.
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A casual activity
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About what percentage of college students have chlamydia?
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10%
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A recent study of adolescent girls indicated that _________.
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most of the girls had experienced sexual harassment at least once.
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Which of the following statements about coping with rape is TRUE?
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All of these choices.
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Which of the following statements about sexually transmitted infections is NOT true?
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They cannot be contracted through oral sex.
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Liz engages in oral sex with her boyfriend Trevor. Which of the following statements regarding beliefs about oral sex is Liz MOST likely to hold?
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All of these choices.
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Which of the following is not one of the reasons given for the reduction in the U.S. teen pregnancy rate?
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Fear of being a teen mother.
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In its early phases, syphilis can be treated with _______.
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Penicillin
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The average age for marriage in the United States is _____ for men and ______ for women.
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29; 27
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In a national survey, approximately what percentage of both 15- to 19-year-old males and females said that they had engaged in oral sex?
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55
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Sheila, age 16, has just begun to be sexually active with her boyfriend Ted. Which of the following reasons would Sheila MOST likely say is the main reason she is sexually active?
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She is in love with Ted.
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Which of the following was a finding from several research studies of adolescents who watched sexually explicit TV shows?
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There was a link between the amount of time adolescents watched sexually explicit TV and the initiation of sexual intercourse.
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Which of the following is an initial symptom of genital herpes?
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Itching and tingling at the site of infection
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The majority of sexual minority (same-sex) individuals experience their first sexual behavior in ________.
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Adolescence
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Research shows that by age 20, what percentage of U.S. youth have engaged in sexual intercourse?
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77%
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Casual sex such as "hooking up" and having "friends with benefits" is _________.
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More common in emerging adulthood for males only
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Carla, a 19-year-old college sophomore, is a victim of rape. Which of the following statements about her rape is most likely to be TRUE?
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She knew the person who raped her.
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Which of the following adolescents is MOST likely to have a positive relationship with a sibling?
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Colleen, who shares an easy temperament with her brother.
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Research has found that the result of authoritarian parenting is often adolescents who are _____.
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Socially incompetent
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Today's parent-adolescent relationships are viewed as ________.
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Reciprocal
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Lori and her parents frequently have conflict over the amount of time she spends talking on the phone to her friends. Carl's parents nag him about how much time he spends text messaging his buddies. Both Lori and Carl are experiencing conflicts with their parents that are..
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Fairly typical of the issues that lead adolescents and their parents to be in conflict.
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Which of the following changes in parents contribute to parent-adolescent relationships?
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Marital satisfaction increases after adolescents or emerging adults leave home.
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Which of the following statements about intergenerational relationships is TRUE?
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Females have an especially important role in connecting family relationships across generations.
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Jeremy's parents have divorced. If Jeremy's situation is typical of many divorced families, he can expect that
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his mother will have less money than when she was married
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Recent research regarding father involvement in adolescent development has indicated
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time with dad is positively related to social skill.
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Which of the following, according to research, is the MOST stressful to adolescents during the peak of pubertal growth?
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Conflict with parents
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In a study on the effects of divorce on children conducted by Hetherington and colleagues, what percentage of the children from divorced families were found to have emotional problems?
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25%
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Which of the following is good advice for parents and emerging adult children who are considering living together?
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All of these are good advice.
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Which of the following characteristics is involved in sibling relationships?
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All of these are correct.
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Maureen's parents have clear, reasonable rules, which they communicate and enforce. They also are warm and nurturing towards Maureen and her siblings. Maureen's parents are using which of Diana Baumrind's styles of parenting?
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Authorative
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Adolescents and emerging adults from divorced families are more likely than those whose parents did not divorce to do which of the following?
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All of these
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Ben, age 14, is close to his older brother Sam, who is 16. According to research, Sam will be ______.
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More of a socializing agent for Ben than his peers.
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Socioemotional changes that affect parent-adolescent relationships include ______.
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All of these choices.
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The most common pattern of parenting that was found in a study of parenting behaviors in 186 countries around the world was ___________.
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Warm and controlling
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Adolescents whose parents are not involved with their lives and who do not monitor their activities in any way tend to
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lack self-control
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Which of the following statements about conflict between adolescents and parents is TRUE?
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Conflict between parents and adolescents is highest in early adolescence.
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Which of the following statements about birth order is TRUE?
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Birth order shows a limited capacity to predict adolescent behavior.
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Adolescents are most likely to have conflict with their _________.
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mothers
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The three types of stepfamilies are stepfather, stepmother, and _______.
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Blended
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Which of the following factors have researchers determined is important in influencing adolescents' behavior?
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All of these.
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Delany's parents are uninvolved in her life. She comes and goes as she pleases and she has the sense that she doesn't matter very much to her parents. Delaney's parents are using which of Diana Baumrind's styles of parenting?
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Neglectful
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Don is an African American teen who lives in a low-income neighborhood with his parents. Don's father works two jobs to provide for his family but he always has time to listen to Don, and their weekly "burger and bowling" night is something that they both enjoy. According to research, Don is more likely than his counterparts who do not have a close relationship with their fathers to
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All of these choices.
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Researchers consider the core of all three types of moral exemplars to include the traits of honesty and ________.
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Dependability
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Which of the following is a recent trend in religion among adolescents and emerging adults?
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All of these are recent trends.
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Moral rules are _____, while conventional rules are _____.
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obligatory; optional
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Which of the following statements about the values of today's college students is NOT true?
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Today's college students are less interested than earlier students in personal well-being.
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Criticisms of Kohlberg's theory of moral development have included all of the following, EXCEPT that Kohlberg ______.
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Placed too much emphasis on moral behavior.
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Moral character presupposes that the person has ______.
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Set moral goals and is committed to act in accord with these goals.
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Mackenzie, a 20-year-old college student, attends church weekly and makes prayer a part of her daily activities. According to research, Mackenzie is likely to have _________.
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All of these choices.
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The highest level of Kohlberg's theory of moral development is _______.
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Postconventional reasoning
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Our beliefs and attitudes about the way things should be are our _____.
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values
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In recent years, there has been an increased emphasis on the role of ______ in moral development.
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Parenting
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The type of moral reasoning that focuses on social consensus is ________.
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social conventional reasoning
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Jordan says that he wants to make as much money as he can after college so that he can retire at age 45. He plans to "save every dime" that is not needed for his basic living expenses. David says that he wants to earn a decent salary but that he is more interested in using some of his earnings to travel and meet interesting people. Jordan and David have different _______.
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values about money
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Riley's parents praise her frequently for volunteering at Community Table, an organization that provides dinners for the poor and the homeless. Riley is likely to ________.
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Continue to volunteer at the Community Table.
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The two stages of Kohlberg's preconventional reasoning level are individualism, instrumental purpose, and exchange, and ________.
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Punishment and obedience orientation.
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Recent research on the benefits for volunteers and those who receive volunteer services suggest that _______.
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More adolescents should be required to participate in service learning programs.
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The theorist who developed a major stage theory of moral development is __________.
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Lawrence Kohlberg
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Religiousness is associated with all of the following EXCEPT _________.
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Attendance at religious services.
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Which of the following factors has been found to influence movement through Kohlberg's stages of moral development?
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All of these
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Denise helps organize a five-mile walk to raise money for a good cause, the Brain Injury Association. Denise's work is an act of ______.
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Altruism
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People who have lived exemplary lives are known as _______.
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More exemplars
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Which of the following statements regarding religiousness around the world is TRUE?
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Attending religious services declines from ages 14-18 and then rises again at age 20.
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Which of the following statements regarding religion and parenting is NOT true?
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Adolescents who have a positive relationship with their parents are more likely to seek a religion that is different from their parents' religion.
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Researchers have found that having a religious affiliation is linked to ______.
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All of these.
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Joel shuts his cell phone off upon entering a church to attend a funeral service. Joel's action is an example of ______.
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a conventional rule
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Recent research has shown that more college freshmen today than in 1990 are interested in __________.
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Volunteer or community-service programs.
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The individual's cognitive representation of the self, the substance and content of self-conceptions is called ______.
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self-understanding
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The global evaluative dimension of self is known as _______.
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Self-esteem
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Gayle seems sad and withdrawn. When her friend asks her if she is sad, Gayle replies, "No; I am more hurt than sad that my so-called friends didn't invite me to their barbeque." Gayle has the emotional competence skill of ________.
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Being aware of her emotional state.
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Domain-specific evaluation of the self is referred to as
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self-concept
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Children who fret and cry often would be classified as having a temperament with
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negative affectivity
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During which stage do emotional highs and lows occur most frequently?
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early adolescence
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The "social mirror" for adolescents is _____.
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Friends
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Trisha's parents are concerned that at age 15, she seems to be unsure of what she wants to pursue for a career. Last month she was interested in nursing and now she is looking into social work. Trisha's parents should know that her behavior is
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Typical for adolescents of her age.
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Dan, age 17, was classified as an infant with a difficult temperament. From the longitudinal research that was done on the relationship between temperament in childhood and adjustment in adolescence, we might expect that Dan
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is probably not a well-adjusted young man.
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Janeece is aware of her emotions and can cover up negative emotions in social situations. Research has shown that Janeece may be LESS competent at
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managing her emotions.
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Research suggests that, compared to uninhibited children, individuals classified with inhibition in childhood are _________.
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more likely to be assertive as adolescents.
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The match between an individual's temperament and the demands of the individual's environment is called _________.
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Goodness of fit
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Parker reacts negatively to many situations and is slow to accept new experiences. Parker could be classified as a(n) _____ child.
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difficult
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Chess and Thomas concluded that there are _____ basic types or clusters of temperament.
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3
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Jasmine, age 16, becomes upset easily and often appears to be unable to control her arousal. In the newer classification of temperament, Jasmine would be seen as being low in
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effortful control
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Which of the following statements regarding hormones and emotions is TRUE?
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Environmental experiences may contribute more to emotions of adolescents than hormonal changes.
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The _____ is the central aspect of the personality.
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self
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Poor emotional regulation can lead to problems with
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eating disorders.
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Joanna is a social person. She enjoys hanging out with friends and always being on the go. She is fun-loving and affectionate. According to the Big 5 theory of personality, she most likely would be rated high on the trait of
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agreeableness
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Jim is really angry with his friend for not returning a sports jacket that he borrowed. However, Jim puts on his favorite CD and distracts himself from his negative emotion. Jim clearly has some
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emotional competence
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The BEST predictor of adjustment and competence in adolescents is
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the emergence of conscientiousness.
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Christopher's mother tells her friend that she does not understand why he is so moody and changeable. Christopher is most likely in
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early adolescence.
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Breanna has been described as having liberal values, being appreciative of art and beauty having a vivid imagination, and interested in variety. According to the Big 5 theory of personality, she most likely would be rated high on the trait of
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agreeableness
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An individual's behavioral style and characteristic way of responding is known as the person's
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temperament
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Which cognitive change(s) during adolescence has been proposed for the improvement in self-regulation?
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All of these choices.
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Gonadarche is the period most people think of as ______.
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Puberty
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High risk-taking behavior in adolescents has been linked to
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Hanging out with peers in unstructured contexts.
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Which of the following is a determinant of puberty?
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Heredity, Hormones, and Birth Weight
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The sleep-related hormone secreted at night is _______.
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Melatonin
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_____ are the main class of sex hormones in males; and _____ are the main class of female sex hormones.
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Androgens; estrogens
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The three leading causes of death in the United States for adolescents and emerging adults are homicide, suicide, and
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accidents.
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Kaylee, age 22, has a cup of coffee for breakfast, skips lunch on most days, and eats a huge dinner. She is slightly overweight but does not exercise. She admits to getting by with only a few hours of sleep on weeknights but insists that she makes up for this by "sleeping in" on the weekends. Kaylee's lifestyle is
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fairly typical of someone in emerging adulthood.
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The main estrogen that plays an important role in female pubertal development is _______.
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Estradiol
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Despite the fact the United States has become a health-conscious nation, many adolescents ______.
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Smoke, lead sedentary lifestyles, and have poor diets.
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The term used to describe the very early onset and rapid progression of puberty is _____.
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Precocious Puberty
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A special concern is the amount of _____ in the diets of American adolescents.
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Fat
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Which of the following factors has been linked to higher physical activity levels for adolescents?
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Having parents who thought exercise was important.
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Recent research on early-maturing girls has found that
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All of these.
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______ is a period of rapid physical maturation involving hormonal and bodily change.
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Puberty.
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Which of the following male pubertal characteristics develops LAST?
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Growth of facial hair
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Starting school later for older adolescents has been shown to
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improve test scores.
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Which of the following statements regarding the growth spurt is TRUE?
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The beginning of the growth spurt for girls is age 9.
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Which of the following statements regarding nutrition among adolescents is TRUE?
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Adolescents in the U.S. are decreasing their intake of fruits and vegetables.
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Chemical substances that are secreted by the endocrine glands and carried by the bloodstream are known as
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Hormones.
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Which of the following statements regarding early-maturing boys is TRUE?
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It is an advantage to be an early-maturing boy.
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In adolescent girls, increased levels of estrogen are linked to
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Depression
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Three contextual factors that influence whether or not adolescents engage in regular exercise are influence of the family, use of TV/computers, and
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influence of schools
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Unprotected sexual intercourse is considered a health-_____ behavior.
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compromising
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Ryan, age 17, has a tattoo of an eagle on his bicep. If he is like the majority of students with tattoos, Ryan is
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a good student
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The part of the brain involved in reasoning, decision making, and self-control is the
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prefrontal cortex.
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Grace believes that some aspects of wisdom, such as problem solving with an emphasis on various intrapersonal, interpersonal, and contextual interests, should be taught in schools. Grace's belief would be shared by which of the following theorists?
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Robert Sternberg
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The theorist who proposed that there are eight types of intelligence, or "frames of mind," is
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Howard Gardner
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Which of the following is a similarity between Piaget's and Vygotsky's theories of cognitive development?
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Teachers are seen as facilitators and guides.
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Jessica can watch television while doing her math homework. This ability is an example of ______.
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Divided Attention
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The ability to solve problems and to adapt to and learn from experience is ______.
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All of these choices
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Who developed the triarchic theory of intelligence?
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Robert Sternberg
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Which of the following concepts has been attributed to Jean Piaget?
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All of these choices.
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Robert Sternberg's beliefs about wisdom focus on a balance between _____ and _____.
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self interest; interest of others
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Adolescents _____ their experiences to help them _____ their cognitive worlds.
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organize; passively construct
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The prefrontal cortex is primarily involved with ______.
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All of these choices
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Increasing age interferes with the brain's ability to recover from injury because _______.
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The brain repairs itself best in childhood and adolescence.
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Dorian is a skilled psychiatric nurse who has the ability to engage and relate to clients with severe and chronic mental illness. Gardner would say that Dorian is high in _______.
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Interpersonal intelligence
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Robert Sternberg believes that most school programs that teach critical thinking
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have all of these characteristics.
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According to Piaget, adolescents are motivated to understand their world because doing so
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is biologically adaptive.
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Peter is a landscape designer. Gardner would say that Peter's strength is in ______.
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Naturalistic Intelligence
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Michael is a successful business owner who can develop his ideas into productive enterprises. Although he was an average student in school, his great social skills and common sense indicate that Michael might score highly in what Sternberg calls _____ intelligence.
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Practical
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Dr. Wagner can focus on his client and her issues for their 50-minute therapy session without being distracted by other thoughts. This is an example of ________.
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Selective Attention
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"Thinking about thinking" is known as
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Metacognition
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A parent's ability to pick out his son's voice on a crowded playground is an example of
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Selective Attention
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According to Sternberg, the ability to judge, evaluate, compare, and contrast is which form of intelligence?
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Analytical
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Piaget proposed that children and adolescents use and adopt their schemas through the processes of _____ and accommodation.
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Assimilation
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Vygotsky called the range of tasks that can be mastered with the guidance of a more skilled peer or adult as
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The zone of proximal development.
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The ability to think three-dimensionally is a description of Gardner's _____ intelligence.
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Spatial
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Vygotsky stressed the role of _____ on cognitive development.
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All of these choices
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Expert knowledge about the practical aspects of life, that permits excellent judgment about important matters, is known as _____.
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Wisdom
