Microbiology Parasitology minimals 2012 – Flashcards
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| Mention a worm species for which ab ano ad os auto-reinfection is characteristic in childhood! |
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| Enterobius vermicularis |
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| Mention 2 worm species that migrate through the human lungs in the larval stage! |
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| Ascaris lumbricoides Ancylostoma duodenale Necator Americanus Strongyloides stercoralis |
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| Which 2 protozoa may infect the human foetus transplacentally? |
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Toxoplasma gondii Plasmodium species |
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| What is the laboratory diagnosis of malaria? |
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Giemsa stained blood smear Thick smear to screen for the agent Thin smear to identify the species |
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| How long is the erytrocytic cycle of Plasmodium vivax and P. ovale? |
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| 48 hours |
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| How long is the erytrocytic cycle of Plasmodium malariae? |
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| 72 hours |
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| What is the causative agent of malignant malaria? |
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| Plasmodium falciparum |
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| Mention an antimalarial drug active against hypnozoites! |
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| Primaquin |
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| How can one diagnose the African sleeping sickness disease? |
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Giemsa stained blood smear for direct demonstration serology can be helpful |
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| What are the causative agents of African sleeping sickness? |
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| Trypanosome brucei gambiense and rhodesiense |
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| How can one diagnose amebic dysenetery? |
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| Microscopic demonstration E.Histoloytica cysts and trophozoites in feces |
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| How can one diagnose Trichomonas vaginalis infection? |
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| Direct demonstration of protozoa in wet mount of clinical specimens (vaginal, urethral or prostatic secretions) |
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| How can one diagnose intestinal taeniasis? |
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| Demonstration of characteristic proglottis and eggs (ova) in faeces. |
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| How can one diagnose Hymenolepis infection? |
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| Demonstration of eggs in feces |
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| How can one diagnose Ascaris infection? |
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| Demonstration of eggs in feces |
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| How can one diagnose trichuriasis? |
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| Demonstration of eggs in feces |
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| How can one diagnose Enterobius infection? |
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Demonstration of eggs from perianal skin (scotch tape technique) not from feces! |
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| Mention 4 tissue infecting filarial nematodes! |
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Loa Loa Oncocerca vulvulus Dracunculus medinesis Wuchereria bancrofti |
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| How is human Fasciola hepatica infection acquired? |
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By eating aquatic vegetation containing encysted larvae (rarly by eating raw sheep liver containing adult warms) |
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| What disease is caused if humans are infected per os with Taenia solium eggs? |
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| human cysticercosis (encysted larvae in brain, eyes..) |
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| How is human Trichinella spiralis infection acquired? |
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| By eating raw or undercooked meat containing encysted larvae |
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| Mention 2 protozoa that are susceptible to metronidazol! |
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| Entamoeba histolytica Giardia lamblia Trichomonas vaginalis |
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| What are the 3 modes of transmission for human Toxoplasma gondii infection? |
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| Eating undercooked meat containing tissue cysts, Contact with cat feces containing oocysts Transplacental transmission |
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| Mention 2 helminths whose larvae enter the human body by penetratring the intact skin! |
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| Ancylostoma duodenale Nectar americanus |
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| Which developmental form of Echinococcus granulosus can occur in humans? |
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| Hydatid cyst |
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| What is the definitive (ultimate) host of Echinococcus granulosus? |
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| dog |
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| Which species are the causative agents of malaria? |
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| Plasmodium vivax, P. ovale, P. malariae, P. falciparum |
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| What is the definitive (ultimate) host of Plasmodium species? |
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| female Anopheles mosquito |
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| What are the definitive, and the intermediate hosts of Taenia saginata, respectively? |
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| definitive host: human intermediate host: cattle |
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| What is the infectious form of Strongyloides stercoralis? |
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| filariform larva |
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| What is the infectious form of Trichuris trichiura? |
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| embryonated egg |
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| Which form of Taenia saginata is infectious for humans? |
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| cysticercus (in beef) |
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| Is autoreinfection possible in Ascaris lumbricoides infection? If yes, when? |
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| No, the eggs must mature in the soil for several days to become infectious (embryonated) |
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| Is autoreinfection possible in Strongyloide stercoralis infection? If yes, when? |
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| yes, in immunosuppression (for example: AIDS) |
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| Is autoreinfection possible in Enterobius vermicularis infection? If yes, when? |
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| yes, eggs become infectious in a few hours, ab ano ad os autoreinfection may occur. (especially in children) |
