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Home Page Flashcards Microbiology (Chapter 21) - Flashcards

Microbiology (Chapter 21) – Flashcards

Cindy Krause
7 July 2022

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Streptococcal Pharyngitis
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  • Aka strep throat
  • Caused mainly by S. pyrogenes
  • Without treatment it can cause rheumatic fever
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Laryngitis and Epiglottis
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  • Inflammation of the tissues rapidly closes the airway
  • Caused by H. influenzae and S. pneumoniae
  • Caused by just virus or viruses and bacteria
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Sinusitis
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  • Swelling of sinus cavit linings slows or prevents drainage  and leads to pressure and severe pain
  • Chronic can cause polyps (smooth growths) to form
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Bronchitis
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Swelling of the bronchi and bronichioles but not alveoli
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Bronchitis Causes
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  • Old age
  • Smoking, air pollution, inhalation of particles
  • S. pneumoniae
  • Mycoplasma pneumoniae
  • Haemophilus
  • Moraxella
  • Streptococcus
  • Staphylcoccus
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Diptheria
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  • An upper respiratory tract illness
  • Humans are the only natural hosts for C. diptheriae
  • The organism, damaged epithelial cells, fibrin and blood cells form a pseudomembrane
  • Can cause blockage of airway and suffocation
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Diptheroids
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  • Corynebacteria found in or on body sites like the nose, throat, urinary tract, and skin
  • Not toxin producers
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Pharynx
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Upper throat
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Larynx
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(Voice box) contains the vocal cords
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Epiglottis
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A flap of tissure that prevents food and fluids from entering the trachea (windpipe)
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Pharyngitis
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  • Sore throat
  • An infection of the pharynx 
  • Frequently caused by a virus
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Laryngitis
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An infection of the larynx, often with loss of voice
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Epiglottitis
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An infection of the epiglottis which can close the airway and cause suffocation
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Diptheria
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  • Fewer than 5 cases per year in the US
  • Adverse signs that follow the disease: myocarditis, polyneurtitis and neurologic problems

 

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Common Cold (Coryza)
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  • Rhinoviruses are the most common cause
  • Coronaviruses are the second most common cause
  • 2-4 incubation period and lasts about a week
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Whooping Cough
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  • Also called pertussis, highly contagious in humans
  • Bordetella pertussis: a small, aerobic, gram (+) coccobaccillus
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1st Stage of Pertussis
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Catarrhal: characterized by fever, sneezing, vomiting, and a mild, dry persistent cough
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2nd Stage of Pertussis
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Paroxysmal: begins as mucus and masses of bacteria fill the airway and immobilize the cilia with strong violent cough
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3rd Stage of Pertussis
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Convalescent: enter this stage after 1-6 weeks. Secondary infections are common during this stage
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Pharyngititis Bacteria
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Streptococcus pyogenes
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Pharyngitis Characteristics
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  • Inflammation of the throat
  • Fever w/o cough or nasal discharge
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Sinusitis Bacteria
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  • H. influenzae
  • S. pneumoniae
  • S. pyrogenes
  • S. aureus
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Sinusitis Characteristics
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Inflammation of sinus cavities
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Diptheria Bacteria
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Corynebacterium diptheriae
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Diptheria Characteristics
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Inflammation of pharynx with pseudomembrane and systemic effects of toxin
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Common Cold Virus
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  • Rhinoviruses
  • Coronaviruses
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Common Cold Characteristics
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  • Sore throat
  • Malaise
  • Headache
  • Cough
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Mycobacterius tuberculosis
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Causes tuberculosis
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Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare complex (MAC)
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Causes tuberculosis in AIDS patients
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Psittacosis and Ornithosis
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  • Parrot or bird fever
  • Caused by Chlamydia psittaci
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Coxiella burnetii
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  • Causes Query fever
  • Survives long periods outside cells and can be transmitted aerially as well as by ticks
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Bordatella pertussis
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Whooping cough
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Whooping Cough Characteristics
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  • Catarrhal stage: fever, sneezing, vomiting, and mild dry cough
  • Praroxysmal stage: ropy mucus and violent cough
  • Convalescent stage: secondary characeristics
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Classic Pneumoniae
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  • S. pneumoniae
  • S. aureus
  • Klebsiella pneumoniae
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Class Pneumoniae Characteristics
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  • Inflammation of bronchi or alveoli of lungs with fluid accumulation and fever
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Mycoplasma pneumoniae
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Mild inflammation of bronchi or alveoli
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Tuberculosis Bacteria
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Mycobacterium tuberculosis
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TB Characteristics
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Tubercles in lungs and sometimes other tissues
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Ornithosis Bacteria
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Chlamydophila psittaci
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Ornithosis Characteristics
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Pneumonia-like diseas transmitted to humans by birds
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Aspergillosis (Fungal) Characteristics 
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Allergic asthmatic response to inhalation of spores or invasive infuction of lung (can cause asphyxiation)
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Streptococcus pyogenes
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Rheumatic fever
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Rheumatic Fever Characteristics
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  • Fever
  • Arthritis
  • Rash
  • Mitral valve damage due to immune reaction
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Bacterial Endocarditis Bacteria
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Staphylococcus or Streptococcus
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Bacterial Endocarditis Characteristics
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  • Inflammation of heart valves
  • Fever
  • Malaise
  • Bacteremia
  • Heart murmur
  • Congestive heart failure

 

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Schistomiasis Parasite
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  • Schistosoma haematobium
  • S. mansoni
  • S. japonicum
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Schistomiasis Characteristics
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  • Dermatitis from cercaria
  • Cirrhosis of liver from eggs
  • Allergic reactions to eggs
  • Tissue damage in intestine and urinary bladder
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Wucheria bancrofiti
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  • Filariasis
  • Inflammation and blockage of lymph ducts, leading to elephantitis
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Bacillus anthracis
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Anthrax
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Anthrax Characteristics
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  • Cutaneous lesions become necrotic
  • Respiratory infection always fatal
  • Intestinal infections similar to food poisoning
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Yersinia pestis
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Plague
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Plague Characteristics
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  • Bubonic plague causes buboes
  • Septicemic plage occurs when organisms invade blood and cause necrosis
  • Pneumonic plage: inhalamtion of organisms causes pneumonia
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