question

The fibrous sac that encloses the heart is the A. Epicardium B. Myocardium C. Endocardium D. Pericardium E. Ectocardium

answer

D. Pericardium

question

The presence of viruses in the blood is called A. Viremia B. Fungemia C. Hemovirus D. Bacteremia E. Septicemia

answer

A. Viremia

question

______ occurs when bacteria flourish and grow in the blood stream. A. Viremia B. Fungemia C. Hemovirus D. Bacteremia E. Septicemia

answer

E. Septicemia

question

All of the following are associated with subacute endocarditis except A. Occurs in patients that have prior heart damage B. Caused by immune system autoantibodies that attack heart and valve tissue C. Oral bacteria get introduced by dental procedures to the blood D. Bacteria colonize previously damaged heart tissue resulting in a vegetation E. Signs and symptoms include fever, heart murmur and possible emboli

answer

B. Caused by immune system autoantibodies that attack heart and valve tissue

question

The common causative agent of acute endocarditis is A. Staphylococcus aureus B. Streptococcus pneumoniae C. Streptococcus pyogenes D. Neisseria gonorrhaeae E. All of the choices are correct

answer

E. All of the choices are correct

question

Acute endocarditis is most commonly contracted through A. Ingestion B. Parenteral entry C. Casual contact D. Droplets

answer

B. Parenteral entry

question

Most cases of septicemia are caused by A. Fungi B. Viruses C. Prions D. Bacteria E. Protozoans

answer

D. Bacteria

question

Which of the following is not true of septicemia? A. Fever and shaking chills B. Respiratory acidosis C. Endotoxic shock D. Parenteral or endogenous transfer E. Drop in blood pressure

answer

B. Respiratory acidosis

question

Yersinia pestis A. Was virulent in the Middle Ages but is no longer virulent B. Has humans as an endemic reservoir C. Does not respond to antimicrobial drugs D. Is usually transmitted by a flea vector E. All of the choices are correct

answer

D. Is usually transmitted by a flea vector

question

All of the following are associated with bubonic plague except A. Transmitted by human feces B. Caused by Yersinia pestis C. Patient often has enlarged inguinal lymph nodes D. Patient has fever, headache, nausea, weakness E. Can progress to a septicemia

answer

A. Transmitted by human feces

question

Which is incorrect about Yersinia pestis? A. Exhibit bipolar staining B. Gram negative rod C. Produces coagulase D. Has a capsule E. Produces enterotoxin

answer

E. Produces enterotoxin

question

Plague includes A. Septicemic form - called black death B. Bubonic form - buboes develop C. Pneumonic form - sputum highly contagious D. Disease control - control of rodent population E. All of the choices are correct

answer

E. All of the choices are correct

question

Bubonic plague is transmitted by A. Mosquitos B. Flies C. Animal bites D. Sexual contact E. Fleas

answer

E. Fleas

question

Control of rodent populations is important for preventing A. Brucellosis B. Plague C. Malaria D. Q fever E. All of the choices are correct

answer

B. Plague

question

Which is not associated with tularemia? A. A zoonosis B. Transmitted by arthropod vectors C. A gram-positive bacerium D. Symptoms include fever, swollen lymph nodes, ulcerative lesions, conjunctivitis and pneumonia E. Sometimes called rabbit fever

answer

C. A gram-positive bacerium

question

Rabbits and rodents are the reservoirs of the causative agent of A. Tularemia B. Anthrax C. Malaria D. Brucellosis E. Mononucleosis

answer

A. Tularemia

question

The causative agent of Lyme disease is A. Ixodes scapularis B. Borrelia hermsii C. Borrelia burgdorferi D. Ixodes pacificus E. Leptospira interrogans

answer

C. Borrelia burgdorferi

question

Erythema migrans, a bull's-eye rash, at the portal of entry is associated with A. Plague B. Rocky Mountain spotted fever C. Q fever D. Lyme disease E. Yellow fever

answer

D. Lyme disease

question

The white-footed mouse, deer and deer ticks are important to maintaining the enzootic transmission cycle associated with A. Lyme disease B. Yellow fever C. Q fever D. Rocky Mountain spotted fever E. Plague

answer

A. Lyme disease

question

Lyme disease involves A. Early symptoms of fever, headache, stiff neck B. Crippling polyarthritis and cardiovascular and neurological problems C. People having contact with wooded or forested areas D. Treatment with antimicrobials E. All of the choices are correct

answer

E. All of the choices are correct

question

Lyme disease is transmitted by A. Flies B. Droplets C. Lice D. Fleas E. Ticks

answer

E. Ticks

question

Epstein-Barr virus has the following characteristics except A. It is more commonly found in adults B. It is transmitted by direct oral contact and saliva C. It produces sudden leukocytosis D. It as a 30-50 day incubation E. Can be transmitted by contaminated blood transfusions and organ transplants

answer

A. It is more commonly found in adults

question

Symptoms of infectious mononucleosis include A. Vesicular lesions in oral mucosa B. Fever and pocks on skin C. Sore throat, fever, cervical lymphadenopathy and splenomegaly D. Fever, severe diarrhea, pneumonitis, hepatitis and retinitis E. None of the choices are correct

answer

C. Sore throat, fever, cervical lymphadenopathy and splenomegaly

question

The patients at greatest risk for severe cytomegalovirus infection include all the following except A. Diabetics B. Organ transplant patients C. Infants infected in utero D. AIDS patients E. Babies

answer

A. Diabetics

question

25. Cytomegalovirus A. Causes the most prevalent fetal infection B. Is transmitted by saliva, mucus, milk, urine, semen, cervical secretions and feces C. Can be sexually transmitted D. Is commonly carried in the latent state E. All of the choices are correct

answer

E. All of the choices are correct

question

Which of the following require direct contact with infected body fluids? A. Yellow fever B. Dengue fever C. Q fever D. Lassa fever E. Trench fever

answer

D. Lassa fever

question

27. Which of the following is a hemorrhagic fever? A. Yellow fever B. Trench fever C. Q fever D. Rocky mountain spotted fever E. Cat scratch fever

answer

A. Yellow fever

question

Yellow fever and dengue fever are A. Caused by arboviruses B. Caused by viruses that disrupt capillaries and blood clotting C. Zoonoses D. Transmitted by a mosquito vector E. All of the choices are correct

answer

E. All of the choices are correct

question

Which of the following is not true of Ebola and Marburg? A. Caused by filoviruses B. Disruption of clotting factors C. Transmitted by direct contact with body fluids D. Transmitted by mosquitos E. There is not treatment

answer

D. Transmitted by mosquitos

question

Which type of hemorrhagic fever can be treated with Ribavirin? A. Lassa fever B. Ebola C. Marburg D. Dengue fever E. Yellow fever

answer

A. Lassa fever

question

Which type of hemorrhagic fever is also known as "breakbone fever" because of the severe pain in bones? A. Lassa fever B. Ebola C. Marburg D. Dengue fever E. Yellow fever

answer

D. Dengue fever

question

The reservoir for Lassa fever is the A. Monkey B. Rat C. Gorilla D. Cat E. Cattle

answer

B. Rat

question

33. Brucellosis is A. A zoonosis B. Seen in the patient as a fluctuating fever, with headache, muscle pain and weakness C. Associated with pathogen in the blood D. An occupational illness of people that work with animals E. All of the choices are correct

answer

E. All of the choices are correct

question

Pasteurization of milk helps to prevent A. Tularemia B. Plague C. Endocarditis D. Brucellosis E. Mononucleosis

answer

D. Brucellosis

question

The gram negative bacillus associated with abscesses from cat bites or scratches is A. Salmonella typhimurium B. Yersinia enterocolitica C. Bartonella henselae D. Brucella suis E. Francisella tularensis

answer

. Bartonella henselae

question

Rocky Mountain spotted fever A. Seen in highest numbers along the west coast B. Transmitted by Ixodes ticks C. Symptoms include fever, headache and rash D. Never has severe complications

answer

C. Symptoms include fever, headache and rash

question

All of the following pertain to erhlichiosis except A. Transmitted by Ixodes ticks B. Diagnosed by PCR or indirect fluorescent assay C. Treatment requires an extensive course of antibiotics D. Symptoms include fever, headache and muscle pains E. Often coinfects with Borrelia burgdorferi

answer

C. Treatment requires an extensive course of antibiotics

question

Which is incorrect regarding Q fever? A. Transmitted by lice B. Pathogen produces resistant spores C. Humans infected from unpasteurized milk and airborne spread D. Causes fever, muscle aches, rash and sometimes pneumonia E. Is a zoonosis

answer

A. Transmitted by lice

question

Which of the following is mismatched? A. Yersinia pestis - plague B. Coxiella burnetii - Q fever C. Bartonella quintana - trench fever D. Bartonella henselae - cat scratch disease E. Rickettsia typhi - rocky mountain spotted fever

answer

E. Rickettsia typhi - rocky mountain spotted fever

question

Cat-scratch fever can be prevented by A. Avoiding ticks B. Pasteurizing milk C. Vaccine D. Animal control E. Cleaning the scratch wound

answer

E. Cleaning the scratch wound

question

The symptoms that occur in cyclic 48 to 72 hour episodes in a malaria patient are A. Bloody, mucus-filled stools, fever, diarrhea and weight loss B. Fever, swollen lymph nodes and joint pain C. Urinary frequency and pain and vaginal discharge D. Chills, fever and sweating E. Sore throat, low grade fever and swollen lymph nodes

answer

D. Chills, fever and sweating

question

Which is incorrect about malaria? A. Merozoites enter and multiply in liver cells B. Trophozoites develop in RBCs C. The mosquito inoculates human blood with sporozoites D. Gametocytes enter the mosquito as she draws a blood meal from a human E. None of the choices are correct

answer

A. Merozoites enter and multiply in liver cells

question

The cyclic bouts of fever and chills in malaria are caused by A. Liver cell lysis B. White blood cell lysis C. Red blood cell lysis D. Neurological involvement E. None of the choices are correct

answer

C. Red blood cell lysis

question

Malaria may be prevented by A. Using bed nets sprayed with insecticide B. Eliminating standing water C. Taking prophylactic drugs D. Using interfering RNA in mosquitos E. All of these are correct

answer

E. All of these are correct

question

The causative organism of malaria is a A. Bacteria B. Virus C. Fungus D. Protozoan E. Prion

answer

D. Protozoan

question

Characteristics of Bacillus anthracis include all the following except A. Capsule and exotoxins are virulence factors B. Anaerobic C. Reservoir includes infected grazing animals and contaminated soil D. Gram positive bacillus E. Sporeformer

answer

B. Anaerobic

question

Anthrax is A. A zoonosis B. Transmitted by contact, inhalation and ingestion C. A disease that, in humans, can cause a rapidly fatal toxemia and septicemia D. Only seen sporadically in the United States E. All of the choices are correct

answer

E. All of the choices are correct

question

The preferred treatment for anthrax is A. Penicillin B. Ciprofloxacin C. Quinine D. Doxycycline E. Chloroquinone

answer

D. Doxycycline

question

A common cardiovascular / lymph system disease in AIDS patients is A. Acute endocarditis B. Burkitt's lymphoma C. Cytomegalovirus D. Ehrlichioses E. Brucellosis

answer

B. Burkitt's lymphoma

question

Retroviruses have the following characteristics except A. Glycoprotein spikes B. DNA genome C. Enveloped D. Reverse transcriptase

answer

B. DNA genome

question

All of the following pertain to patients with AIDS except A. Have an immunodeficiency B. Have CD4 T-cell titers below 200 cells/mm3 of blood C. Get repeated, life-threatening opportunistic infections D. Can get unusual cancers and neurological disorders E. Highest number of cases worldwide is in the United States

answer

E. Highest number of cases worldwide is in the United States

question

Documented transmission of HIV involves A. Mosquitoes B. Unprotected sexual intercourse and contact with blood/blood products C. Respiratory droplets D. Contaminated food E. All of the choices are correct

answer

B. Unprotected sexual intercourse and contact with blood/blood product

question

All of the following pertain to HIV except A. Attaches primarily to host cells with CD4 receptors B. Viral DNA integrates into the host nucleus C. Becomes latent in host cells D. ELISA and Western blot tests detect HIV antigens E. Can enter into nervous tissues and cause abnormalities

answer

D. ELISA and Western blot tests detect HIV antigens

question

Which drugs interfere with the action of an HIV enzyme needed for final assembly and maturation of the virus? A. Reverse transcriptase inhibitors B. Protease inhibitors C. Fusion inhibitors D. Integrase inhibitors E. All of the choices are correct

answer

B. Protease inhibitors

question

Which new class of drugs will interfere with docking onto host cells? A. Reverse transcriptase inhibitors B. Protease inhibitors C. Fusion inhibitors D. Integrase inhibitors E. All of the choices are correct

answer

C. Fusion inhibitors

question

A frequent cancer that is seen in AIDS patients is A. Leukemia B. Hodgkin's lymphoma C. Kaposi's sarcoma D. Melanoma E. Myeloma

answer

C. Kaposi's sarcoma

question

Adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) A. Is caused by the retrovirus, HTLV II B. Is an overall leukopenia but with an increased number of neoplastic B lymphocytes C. Is a persistent lymphocytosis with large atypical lymphocytes that is progressive and fatal D. Afflicted lymphocytes have pseudopod-like extensions E. Alpha interferon is used to achieve remission

answer

E. Alpha interferon is used to achieve remission

question

Hairy-cell leukemia A. Is caused by the retrovirus, HTLV I B. Is an overall leukopenia but with an increased number of neoplastic B lymphocytes C. Is seen in AIDS patients D. Afflicted lymphocytes have pseudopod-like extensions E. Both B and C are correct

answer

E. Both B and C are correct

question

Which of the following bacterial infection(s) have been linked to the development of atherosclerosis? A. Bacillus anthracis B. Staphylococcus aureus C. Chlamydia trachomatis D. Chlamydophila pneumonia E. Both C & D

answer

D. Chlamydophila pneumonia

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