microbiology chapter 16 – Flashcards
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The major categories of hypersensitivities that typically involve a B-cell immunoglobulin response is/are A. Type I only B. Type I and Type I C. Type IV only D. Type I, Type II, Type III E. Type I, Type II, Type III and Type IV
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D. Type I, Type II, Type III
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Which is mismatched? A. Food allergy - Type I hypersensitivity B. Poison ivy dermatitis - Type IV hypersensitivity C. Serum sickness - Type III hypersensitivity D. Transfusion reaction - Type II hypersensitivity E. Hay fever - Type IV hypersensitivity
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E. Hay fever - Type IV hypersensitivity
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Any heightened or inappropriate immune response resulting in tissue damage is called a/an A. Autoimmune disease B. Immunodeficiency C. Hypersensitivity D. Transfusion reaction E. Desensitization
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C. Hypersensitivity
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The study of diseases associated with excesses and deficiencies of the immune system i A. Humoralpathology B. Hemopathology C. Epidemiology D. Immunopathology E. Histopathology
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D. Immunopathology
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Atopy and anaphylaxis are hypersensitivities in the category A. Type I only B. Type I and Type IV C. Type IV only D. Type I, Type II, Type III E. Type I, Type II, Type III and Type IV
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A. Type I only
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Bee sting venom is considered to be which type of allergen? A. Ingestant B. Inhalant C. Injectant D. Contactant E. None of the choices are correct
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C. Injectant
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Fungal spores and animal dander are considered to be which type of allergen? A. Ingestant B. Inhalant C. Injectant D. Contactant E. None of the choices are correct
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B. Inhalant
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The initial encounter with an allergen is called the A. Sensitizing dose B. Provocative dose C. Allergic dose D. Hypersensitivity dose E. Desensitizing dose
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A. Sensitizing dose
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A second encounter with an allergen that causes a response is called the A. Sensitizing dose B. Provocative dose C. Allergic dose D. Hypersensitivity dose E. Desensitizing dose
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B. Provocative dose
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What will be the immediate action of an allergen when it enters that body for a second time? A. Degranulation B. Bonding of allergen to adjacent IgE binding sites on mast cells and basophils C. Binding of IgE by the Fc region to mast cells and basophils D. Histamine acts on smooth muscle E. Prostaglandins cause vasodilation and increased vascular permeability
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B. Bonding of allergen to adjacent IgE binding sites on mast cells and basophils
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Which event is the process of releasing chemical mediators? A. Degranulation B. Bonding of allergen to adjacent IgE binding sites on mast cells and basophils C. Binding of IgE by the Fc region to mast cells and basophils D. Histamine acts on smooth muscle E. Prostaglandins cause vasodilation and increased vascular permeability
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A. Degranulation
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Which event occurs with the sensitizing dose of allergen? A. Degranulation B. Bonding of allergen to adjacent IgE binding sites on mast cells and basophils C. Binding of IgE by the Fc region to mast cells and basophils D. Histamine acts on smooth muscle E. Prostaglandins cause vasodilation and increased vascular permeability
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C. Binding of IgE by the Fc region to mast cells and basophils
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Which of the following is not a possible symptom of Type I hypersensitivity? A. Rhinitis B. Rashes C. Sneezing D. Diarrhea E. Contact dermatitis
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E. Contact dermatitis
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Histamine causes all the following except A. Increased sensitivity to pain B. Constriction of smooth muscle of bronchi and the intestine C. Relaxes vascular smooth muscle D. Wheal and flare reaction in skin E. Pruritis and headache
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A. Increased sensitivity to pain
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The chemical mediator that causes prolonged bronchospasm, vascular permeability and mucus secretion of asthmatic patients is A. Prostaglandin B. Histamine C. Leukotriene D. Serotonin E. Platelet-activating factor
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C. Leukotriene
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Which type(s) of hypersensitivities is IgG is involved with? A. Anaphylaxis B. Antibody mediated C. Immune complex mediated D. Both anaphylaxis and antibody mediated E. Both antibody mediated and immune complex mediated
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E. Both antibody mediated and immune complex mediated
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Allergic reactions to penicillins are considered a/an _____ hypersensitivity. A. T-cell mediated B. Antibody mediated C. Immune complex mediated D. Immediate E. Both T-cell mediated and antibody mediated
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D. Immediate
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Allergies run in families because A. Immunoglobulins pass from mother to fetus B. Immunoglobulins pass through breast milk C. The variable region of antibodies is genetically determined D. Relative production of IgE is inherited E. All of the choices are correct
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D. Relative production of IgE is inherited
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A chronic, local allergy such as hay fever is considered A. Delayed B. T-cell mediated C. Atopic D. Antibody-mediated E. Systemic anaphylactic
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C. Atopic
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A systemic, sometimes fatal reaction with airway obstruction and circulatory collapse is A. Delayed B. T-cell mediated C. Atopic D. Antibody-mediated E. Systemic anaphylactic
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E. Systemic anaphylactic
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A seasonal reaction to inhaled allergens is A. Atopic dermatitis B. Eczema C. Allergic rhinitis D. Asthma E. Anaphylaxis
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C. Allergic rhinitis
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All of the following are associated with IgE and mast cell mediated allergy except A. Drug allergy B. Eczema C. Anaphylaxis D. Allergic asthma E. Systemic lupus erythematosus
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E. Systemic lupus erythematosus
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Epinephrine A. Is an antihistamine B. Reverses constriction of airways C. Causes desensitization D. Inhibits the activity of lymphocytes E. All of the choices are correct
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B. Reverses constriction of airways
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Allergic patients receiving small, controlled injections of specific allergens are undergoing A. Desensitization B. Sensitization C. Tissue matching D. Degranulation E. None of the choices are correct
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A. Desensitization
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An antihistamine will A. Inhibit the activity of lymphocytes B. Bind to histamine receptors on target organs C. Block synthesis of Leukotrienes D. Relieve inflammatory symptoms E. Reverse spasms of respiratory smooth muscles
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B. Bind to histamine receptors on target organs
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Corticosteroids will A. Inhibit the activity of lymphocytes B. Bind to histamine receptors on target organs C. Block synthesis of Leukotrienes D. Relieve inflammatory symptoms E. Reverse spasms of respiratory smooth muscles
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A. Inhibit the activity of lymphocytes
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All of the following are involved in Type 2 hypersensitivity except A. IgM B. IgG C. IgE D. Complement E. Foreign cells
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C. IgE
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Human blood types involve all the following except A. MHC genes B. ABO antigen markers C. Inheritance of two of three possible alleles D. Genetically determined glycoprotein markers E. Genes that code for an enzyme that adds a terminal carbohydrate to RBC receptors
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A. MHC genes
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The serum of a person with blood type A, Rh- will have which of the following? A. Anti A, anti Rh B. Anti B, anti Rh C. Anti A D. Anti B E. Anti A, anti B, anti Rh
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B. Anti B, anti Rh
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A person with O type blood A. Lacks all the alleles for ABO blood type B. Lacks A and B antigens C. Could not have the Rh factor D. Is called a universal recipient E. All of the choices are correct
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B. Lacks A and B antigens
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A person who has anti A and anti B serum antibodies will have blood type A. A B. B C. AB D. O E. Rh
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D. O
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Transfusion of the wrong blood type can cause A. Recipient antibody activating the complement cascade to attack the RBCs B. Fever and anemia C. Systemic shock and kidney failure D. Massive hemolysis of the donor RBCs E. All of the choices are correct
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E. All of the choices are correct
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33.A female who is Rh- A. Inherited two dominant genes B. Is in the majority of the population with regard to Rh status C. Is at risk for a pregnancy resulting in hemolytic disease of the newborn D. Can never have an Rh+ baby E. All of the choices are correct
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C. Is at risk for a pregnancy resulting in hemolytic disease of the newborn
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The potential for hemolytic disease of the newborn occurs when A. Maternal Rh+ cells enter an Rh- fetus B. Fetal Rh+ cells enter an Rh- mother C. Maternal Rh- cells enter an Rh+ fetus D. Fetal Rh- cells enter an Rh+ mother E. Fetal Rh+ cells enter an Rh+ mother
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B. Fetal Rh+ cells enter an Rh- mother
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Once a mother has been sensitized to the Rh factor A. All other Rh+ fetuses are at risk B. She can be given RhoGAM in future pregnancies to prevent hemolytic disease of the newborn C. She can never again have a low risk pregnancy D. Only future Rh- fetuses are at risk E. None of the choices are correct
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A. All other Rh+ fetuses are at risk
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Which of the following is not true of Type III hypersensitivity? A. Antigen-antibody complexes are deposited in the basement membrane of epithelial tissues B. Involves production of IgG and IgE antibodies C. Involves an immune complex reaction D. The Arthus reaction is a local response E. Serum sickness is a systemic response
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B. Involves production of IgG and IgE antibodies
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Which of the following is not a major organ that can be a target of immune complex deposition? A. Blood vessels and skin B. Heart and lungs C. Brain D. Joints E. Kidneys
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C. Brain
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Large quantities of antibodies that react to the second entry of antigen and lead to formation of antigen-antibody complexes occurs in A. Serum sickness B. Delayed hypersensitivity C. Anaphylaxis D. Hemolytic disease of the newborn E. All of the choices are correct
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E. All of the choices are correct
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Contact dermatitis involves A. A sensitizing and provocative dose B. Allergen entering the skin C. T lymphocytes secrete inflammatory cytokines D. Itchy papules and blisters E. All of the choices are correct
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E. All of the choices are correct
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What could result when grafted tissue such as bone marrow contains passenger lymphocytes? A. Host rejection of graft B. Graft versus host disease C. Formation of autoantibodies D.Hypogammaglobulinemia E. None of the choices are correct
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B. Graft versus host disease
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Tissue transplanted from one body site on a patient to a different body site on that patient is called a/an A. Isograft B. Autograft C. Allograft D. Xenograft E. Hypograft
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B. Autograft
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What involves determination of donor HLA antigens compared to those of the recipient's tissue? A. Skin graft B. Blood transfusion C. Organ transplantation D. Both skin graft and organ transplantation E. All of the choices are correct
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D. Both skin graft and organ transplantation
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43. Autoimmunity is typically due to A. Transfusion reaction B. IgE and mast cells C. Autoantibodies and T cells D. Graft rejection E. A deficiency in T-cell development
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C. Autoantibodies and T cells
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Autoantibodies cause tissue injury in all the following diseases except A. Rheumatoid arthritis B. Myasthenia gravis C. Graves' disease D. Tuberculin reaction E. Multiple sclerosis
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D. Tuberculin reaction
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Each of the following is an autoimmune disease except A. Systemic lupus erythematosus B. Graves disease C. Type I diabetes D. Metastatic cancer E. Rheumatic fever
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D. Metastatic cancer
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Myasthenia gravis disease arises from the production of autoantibodies against A. Myelin sheath cells of the nervous system B. Acetylcholine receptors on smooth muscle C. Acetylcholine receptors on skeletal muscle D. Sodium pump proteins in the cell membrane
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C. Acetylcholine receptors on skeletal muscle
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In multiple sclerosis, autoantibodies attack A. Myelin sheath cells of the nervous system B. Acetylcholine receptors on smooth muscle C. Acetylcholine receptors on skeletal muscle D. Sodium pump proteins in the cell membrane E. Cells in thyroid follicles?
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A. Myelin sheath cells of the nervous system
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Which of the following is not a theory to explain the origin of autoimmune diseases? A. Sequestered antigen theory B. Clonal selection theory C. Theory of immune deficiency D. Viral infection theory E. All the choices are possible theories
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E. All the choices are possible theories
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What can be a consequence of a genetic deficiency in B cell survival and maturity? A. Host rejection of graft B. Graft versus host disease C. Formation of autoantibodies D. Hypogammaglobulinemia E. None of the choices are correct
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D. Hypogammaglobulinemia
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The DiGeorge syndrome is the result of A. Autoantibodies B. Delayed hypersensitivity C. Congenital absence or immaturity of the thymus gland D. Failure of B cell development and maturity E. A genetic defect in the development of both T cells and B cells
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C. Congenital absence or immaturity of the thymus gland
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51.Severe combined immunodeficiencies (SCIDs) are due to A. Autoantibodies B. Delayed hypersensitivity C. Congenital absence or immaturity of the thymus gland D. Failure of B cell development and maturity E. A genetic defect in the development of both T cells and B cells
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E. A genetic defect in the development of both T cells and B cells
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A secondary acquired immunodeficiency is A. AIDS B. Adenosine deaminase (ADA) deficiency C. Digeorge syndrome D. Agammaglobulinemia E. SCID
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A. AIDS
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Each of the following can result in acquired immune deficiencies except A. Malnutrition B. Stress C. Pregnancy D. Bacterial infection E. Radiation treatment
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D. Bacterial infection
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In the theory for allergic desensitization, which immunoglobulin blocks the allergen from binding with IgE? A. IgE B. IgG C. IgA D. IgD
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B. IgG
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Degranulation of mast cells leads to: A. Airway obstruction B. Headache C. Dilated blood vessels D. All of these
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D. All of these
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Bee sting venom is considered to be which type of allergen A.Ingestant B.Inhalant C.Injectant D.Contactant
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C.Injectant
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Which event occurs with the sensitizing dose of allergen ? A.Degranulation B.Histamine is released C.Binding of IgE to mast cells D.Histamine acts on smooth muscle
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C.Binding of IgE to mast cells
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An antihistamine drug will A.Inhibit the activity of lymphocytes B.Bind to histamine receptors on target organs C.Block synthesis of Leukotrienes D.Relieve high blood pressure
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B.Bind to histamine receptors on target organs
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Individuals with severe allergies A.Should carry at all times Epinephrine (adrenalin) B.Take medication for high blood pressure C.Drink a lot of water D.Stay away from corticosteroid drugs
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A.Should carry at all times Epinephrine (adrenalin)
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Type 4 hypersensitivity includes all EXCEPT A.Graft rejection B.Contact dermititis C.Rh incompatibility D.Tuberculin r
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C.Rh incompatibility
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Autoimmune diseases include all except A.Rheumatoid arthrititis B.Tuberculosis C.Scleroderma D.Lupus
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B.Tuberculosis
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According to geography data of Multiple Sclerosis, it is known that higher prevalence of MS occurs in the further Northern and Southern Latitudes, possibly due to less sunlight, MS is more likely to occur among people living in: A.Central America B.India C.Europe and North America D.North America
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C.Europe and North America
