Vehicle Transmission Microbiology – Flashcards
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| What is Na+ more likely to interact with |
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| Cl- |
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| Ionic bonding |
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| one molecule loses an electron one gains an electron Mostly found in inorganic substances |
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| Covalent bonding |
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| Electrons are shared to form a bond. Found in most organic substances |
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| Which is a definition of a base? |
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| hydrogen ion (H+) acceptor |
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| Every chemical bond represents |
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| potential energy |
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| What type of molecules will stick to polar moleculesA. nonpolar B. polar C. ionic D. A and B E. B and C F. A, B, and C |
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| E. B and C |
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| Acid = |
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| H+ donor and low PH |
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| Base = |
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| H+ acceptor and high PH |
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| What the effect of salt on PH? |
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| none |
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| What is the effect of a buffer? |
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| Resists PH change |
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| What is the key element in the formation of polymersWhat type of bond do they have- ionic or covalent? |
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| Carbon is the essential element Covalent bonds |
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| Carbohydrates are also known as... |
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| saccharides--i.e. four chemical groupings: monosaccharides, disaccharides, oligosaccharides, and polysaccharides. |
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| Saccharides-definition |
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| Sugars |
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| Ready source of energy |
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| Carbohydrates |
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| Polysaccharides |
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| polymeric carbohydrate structures, formed of repeating units (either mono- or di-saccharides) joined together by glycosidic bonds. |
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| Lipids are... |
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| Energy storage; structure • Nonpolar • Fats (triglycerides) – glycerol – three fatty acids |
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| Which is more solid - Saturated or unsaturated fats? |
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| Saturated fats |
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| Phospholipids |
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| lipids that build membranes |
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| Steroids |
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| have carbon ring structures; sterols have a functional hydroxyl(OH-) group. four-ring structure – structure + signaling |
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| Sterol function? |
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| separate the fatty acid chains and thus prevent the packing that would harden the plasma membrane at low temperatures |
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| Which is more prevalent at low temperatures Saturated or unsaturated fatty acids? |
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| Saturated |
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| What are the building blocks of proteins? |
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| Amino acids |
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| Bonds between amino acids. |
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| Peptide bonds |
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| Proteins are described in terms of four levels of organization |
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| primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary. |
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| Nucleic acids, what do they formWhat is their importance? |
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| Form DNA and RNA Information storage and transfer |
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| Structural units of nucleic acids |
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| nucleotides |
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| How do DNA and RNA differ in structure? |
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| DNA is double stranded RNA is usually single stranded. RNA nucleotide is ribose. which has one more oxygen atom than deoxyribose. Also. one of RNA's bases is uracil (U) instead of thymine. |
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| The rules of base pairing (or nucleotide pairing) are: |
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| A with T: the purine adenine (A) always pairs with the pyrimidine thymine (T) C with G: the pyrimidine cytosine (C) always pairs with the purine guanine (G) |
