Micro Vocab Ch5 – Flashcards
Unlock all answers in this set
Unlock answersquestion
| Aerobe |
answer
| organism requiring O2 for growth |
question
| Aerobic respiration |
answer
| respiration which the final elec accept in the electron transport chain is O2 |
question
| Alcohol fermentation |
answer
| (Catabolic process) glycolysis produces ethyl alcohol to reoxidize NADH |
question
| Allosteric site |
answer
| site on an enzyme at which a noncompetitive inhibitor binds |
question
| Amphibolic pathway |
answer
| pathway that is both anabolic and catabolic |
question
| Anabolism |
answer
| synthesis reactions in a living organism, building of complex mol from simple |
question
| Anerobe |
answer
| An organism that does not require O2 for growth |
question
| Apoenzyme |
answer
| protein portion of an enzyme which reequires activation by a coenzyme |
question
| ATP |
answer
| important intracellular source |
question
| Autotroph |
answer
| organism that uses CO2 as its principal carbon source |
question
| Calvin-Benson Cycle |
answer
| Fixation of CO2 into reduced organic cmpds used by autotrophs (see light independent reaction) |
question
| Carbon fixation |
answer
| synthesis of sugars by using carbons from CO2 |
question
| Catabolism |
answer
| All decomposition reactions in a living organism (breaking down) |
question
| Catalyst |
answer
| substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction but is not altered itself |
question
| Cellular respiration |
answer
| redox reactions in a membrane that generate ATP, final acceptor is usually an inorganic molecule |
question
| Chemiosmosis |
answer
| mechanism that uses a proton gradient across a cytoplasmic membrane to generate atp |
question
| chemoautotroph |
answer
| organism that uses an inorganic chem as an energy source and CO2 as a carbon source |
question
| chemoheterotroph |
answer
| organism that uses organic molecules as a source of carbon and energy |
question
| chemotroph |
answer
| organism that uses ox-redux reactions as its primary energy source |
question
| chlorophyll |
answer
| photosyntheticpigment that trransfers electrons for photophosphoirylation found in plant, algae and cyanobacteria |
question
| Coenzyme |
answer
| nonprotein substance that is associated with and that activates an enzyme |
question
| cofactor |
answer
| nonprotein component of an enzyme or acts with others to synergistically enhance or cause disease |
question
| competitive inhibitor |
answer
| chemical that competes with the normal substrate for the active site of the enzyme |
question
| cyclic photophosphorylation |
answer
| movt of an electron from chlorophyll through a series of electron acceptors and back to chlorophyll, anoxygenic, purple and green bacterial |
question
| denaturation |
answer
| change in the molecular structure of a cprotein, usually making it nonfunctional |
question
| electron transport system |
answer
| series of compounds that transfer electrons from one compound to another generating ATP by oxidative phosphorylation |
question
| Entner-doudoroff pathway |
answer
| alternate pathway for the oxidation of glucose to pyruvic acid |
question
| Enzyme |
answer
| molecule that catalyzes boiochemical reactions in a living organism usually a protein |
question
| feedback inhibition |
answer
| inhibition of an enzyme in a prticular pathway by the accumulation of the product of the pathway...end-product inhibition |
question
| ferentation |
answer
| enzymatic degradation of carbohydrates in which the final electron acceptor is an organic molecule, atp is synthesized by substrate-level phosphorylation & O2 not required |
question
| fermentation test |
answer
| method used to determine if a bacterium or yeast ferments a specific carb, usually in a peptone broth containing the carb and a ph indicator and inverted tube to trap gas |
question
| glycolysis |
answer
| main pathway for the oxidation of glucose to pyruvic acid, also called embden-meyerhof pathway |
question
| heterotroph |
answer
| org that requires an organic carbon source also called organotroph |
question
| holoenzyme |
answer
| enzyme consisting of an apoenzyme and a cofactor |
question
| krebs cycle |
answer
| pathway that converts 2 carbon cmpd to CO2 transferring electrons to NAD1 and other carriers, also the TCA cycle or Citric cycle |
question
| lactic acid fermentation |
answer
| catabolic process, beginning with glycolysis, that produces lactic acid to reoxidize NADH |
question
| light-dependent reactions |
answer
process by shich light energy is used to convert ADP and phosphate to ATP (photophosphorylation) |
question
| Metabolic pathway |
answer
| sequence of enzymatically catalyzed reactions occurring in a cell |
question
| metabolism |
answer
| sum of all the chemical reactions that occur in a living cell |
question
| NAD, NAD1 |
answer
| coenzyme that functions in the removal and transfer of H ion and electrons from the substrate molecules |
question
| Noncyclic photophosphorylation |
answer
| movt of an electron from chlorophyll to NAD1 plant and cyanobacterial photophosphorylation |
question
| oxication |
answer
| removal of electrons from a molecule |
question
| oxidation-reduction |
answer
| coupled reaction in which one substance is oxidized and one is reduced called the redox rx |
question
| pentose phosphate pathway |
answer
| metabolic pathway that can occur simultaneously with glycolysis to produce pentoses and NADH w/out ATP production also called hexose monophosphate shunt |
question
| phosphorylation |
answer
| production of ATP in a series of redox rx, electrons from chlorophyll initiate the reactions |
question
| photosynthesis |
answer
| conversion of light energy from the sun into chem energy the light-fueled synthesis of carb from CO2 |
question
| phototroph |
answer
| organism that uses light as its primary energy source |
question
| redox reaction |
answer
| same as oxidation-reduction, coupled reaction in which one substance is oxidized and one is reduced |
question
| reduction |
answer
| addition of electrons to a molecule |
question
| ribozyme |
answer
| enzyme consisting of RNA that specifically acts on strands of RNA to remove introns and splice together the remaining exons |
question
| photoautotroph |
answer
| org that uses light as its energy source and co2 as carbon source |
question
| photoheterotroph |
answer
| organism that uses light as its energy source and organic carbon sourc |
question
| photophosphorylation |
answer
| production of ATP in a series of redox reactions, electrons from chlorophyll initiate the reactions |
question
| photosynthesis |
answer
| conversion of light energy from the sun into chem energy, the light-fuled synthesis of carb from co2 |
question
anerobic respiration
|
answer
| respiration in which the final electron acceptor in the elec trans chain is an inorganic molecule other than mol o2 |
question
| light-independent reaction |
answer
| process which light electrons and energy from ATP are used to reduce CO2 to sugar (Calvin Benson Cycle)** |
