Micro Final – DNA Viruses – Flashcards
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| What are the 6 families of DNA viruses? |
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| Parvo, papo, adeno, herpes, pox, hepadna |
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| What is the smallest DNA virus? |
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| Parvovirus |
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| What virus causes "slapped cheek fever"? |
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| Parvovirus |
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| What is the major parvovirus? |
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| B-19 |
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| How are parvoviruses (B19) spread? |
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| Respiratory |
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| What virus causes Erythema Infectiosum? |
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| Parvovirus |
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| What is the pathogenesis of Parvovirus? |
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| Targets erythroid precursors Binds to P antigen -Febrile Stage (Infectious) -Symptomatic Stage(Rash, arthralgia) |
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| What problem is caused by anemic patients being infected by parvovirus? |
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| Aplastic crisis- RBC precursors are depleted and RBC lifespan is shortened -especially sickle cell patients |
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| What are 3 ways that B19 is spread and at what age is infection most common? |
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| Respiratory secretions, Oral Secretions, Across the placenta Children 4-15 |
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| Describe the clinical syndromes of B19 in children and adults: |
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| Children: fever, sore throat, malaise, slapped cheek rash that extends to extremities Adults: arthralgia, arthritis, vasculitis |
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| What are the effects of B19 on pregnant women? |
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| Crosses placenta; severe hypoxic damage to heart, liver, and other tissues leading to edema and FETAL HYDROPS; stillbirth if fetus is too anemic |
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| What disease can B19 be confused with in pregnant women? |
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| Rubella |
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| What is the most common papovavirus, and what are the two lesser papovaviruses? |
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| HPV, BK, JC |
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| What is the structure of the B19 (parvovirus)virus? |
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| Single Stranded DNA; NAKED; Icosahedral |
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| What is the structure of Papovaviruses? |
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| Double Stranded DNA; NAKED; Icosahedral |
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| What does HPV cause? |
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| Plantar WARTS, papillomatous WARTS, laryngeal papillomas, genital WARTS, cervical cancer |
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| How does HPV enter the skin and how long does it take to develop? |
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| Breaks in skin or mucous membranes; 3-4 months |
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| What effect does HPV have on cell growth? |
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| STIMULATORY: Thickening of basal and prickle layers and stratum granulosum |
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| What are the most common wart-causing strains of HPV? |
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| HPV-1 and HPV-4 |
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| What virus can cause head and neck tumors (oral and laryngeal papillomas)? |
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| HPV (6 and 11) |
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| What is Condylomata Acuminata? |
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| Ano/genital warts caused by HPV on the external genitals and perianal regions -90% are HPV 6 and 11 -HPV 16 and 18 are associated with cervical cancer |
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| What causes cervical dysplasia and neoplasia, and what shows up on the pap smear in this case? |
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| HPV 16 and 18; KOILOCYTIC CELLS (perinuclear cytoplasmic vacuolization) |
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| What are the treatments for symptomatic HPV? |
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| Cryotherapy, electrocautery, chemical means and interferon |
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| What is BK virus and in what patient population do you see it? |
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| Hemorrhagic cystitis in renal and bone marrow transplant patients |
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| What is JC virus and in what patient population do you see it? |
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| Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML); DEGENERATIVE BRAIN DISEASE; Immunocompromised Patients |
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| What is the structure of adenoviruses? |
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| Double Stranded DNA; NAKED PENTON FIBERS PENTON FIBERS PENTON FIBERS PENTON FIBERS PENTON FIBERS PENTON FIBERS |
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| What cells are attacked by adenovirus? |
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| Epithelial cells lining oropharynx, resp. tract and enterics |
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| Where can adenovirus become latent? |
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| Lymphoid Tissue |
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| What are the common ways that adenovirus is spread? |
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| Fecal/oral; fingers; fomites; SWIMMING POOLS; classrooms; military |
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| What is the most common clinical presentation of adenovirus? |
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| Pink eye with pharyngitis- MIMICS STREP THROAT |
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| What is the common clinical presentation of adenovirus in military recruits? |
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| Cervical Adenitis |
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| What clinical syndromes are associated with adenovirus? |
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| Pink eye, pharyngitis, acute respiratory tract disease, laryngitis, croup, viral pneumonia HOLY CRAP epidemic keratoconjunctivitis, diarrhea, acute hemorrhagic cystitis, hematuria in young boys, genital and skin infections |
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| How is adenovirus diagnosed? |
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| ELISA, PCR, Fluoro Antibody Test |
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| What kind of vaccine is available for adenovirus? |
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| Live, oral, NON-ATTENUATED |
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| What is the structure of the poxviruses? |
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| LARGE, COMPLEX, LINEAR Double-Stranded DNA; REPLICATES IN CYTOPLASM |
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| How is smallpox (variola major) spread? |
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| Inhalation: virus enters upper respiratory tract and disseminates via lymphatics= VIREMIA (5-17 day incubation period) -after secondary viremia, the virus infects all dermal tissues and organs |
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| How does the rash distribution differ between smallpox and chickenpox? |
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| Smallpox are generally distributed more DISTALLY on the LIMBS and face; whereas chickenpox are distributed more PROXIMALLY on the trunk |
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| What are complications of the smallpox vaccine? |
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| Encephalitis, progressive infections |
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| Where does Orf come from, and how does it present? |
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| Pox virus of sheep and goats; single nodular lesion at the point of contact that MAY BE MISTAKEN FOR CUTANEOUS ANTHRAX |
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| Where does Monkeypox come from, and how does it present? |
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| Infected prairie dogs; similar to smallpox but MILDER and SWOLLEN LYMPH NODES PRAIRIE DOGS, PRAIRIE DOGS, PRAIRIE DOGS |
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| What is Molluscum Contagiosum? |
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| A pox virus spread by contact Typically an STD or in WRESTLERS |
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| How does Molluscum Contagiosum present? |
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| Nodular to wart-like lesions most commonly on trunk, genitalia, and extremities -2-8 week incubation CLUSTER OF 5-20 NODULES |
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| How is Molluscum Contagiosum diagnosed? |
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| CYTOPLASMIC INCLUSIONS IN EPITHELIAL CELLS |
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| How is Molluscum Contagiosum treated? |
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| Curettage; liquid nitrogen |
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| What is the structure of HBV (Hepatitis B Virus)? |
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| Small, enveloped DNA virus- PARTIALLY double stranded- uses a reverse transcriptase and RNA intermediate during replication |
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| Where does hepatitis B replicate initially? |
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| In hepatocytes, without causing damage |
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| From the liver, where does hepatitis B go? |
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| It can cause viremia and spread to saliva, semen, blood, vaginal secretions, and MOTHER'S MILK |
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| How is Hepatitis B spread? |
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| Sexual contact, blood, or perinatal |
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| What type of cancer is caused by Hepatitis B virus? |
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| Primary Hepatocellular Carcinoma |
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| What are the clinical symptoms of Hepatitis B virus in the acute stage? |
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| PRODROME: fever, malaise, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain ICTERIC STAGE: Jaundice, dark urine, pale stools FULMINANT: Severe liver damage and bleeding (1%) TYPE III Hypersensitivity because of HBsAG and Ab |
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| What are the clinical symptoms of Hepatitis B virus in the chronic stage? |
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| Increased liver enzymes, cirrhosis, liver failure, Primary Hepatocellular Carcinoma (PHC) |
