Micro Diseases – Flashcards
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| Tetanus (lockjaw) |
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| from poisoning of NS with tetanospasmin toxin - causes muscle contraction by blocking nerve signals treatment-Penicillin |
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| Amoebic Meningoencephalopathy |
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| same as meningitis caused by bacteria, virus and fungi treatment- some drugs (early detec), but usually fatal -portal of entry-cuts or scapes on skin, eyelid, or inhaling contaminated water |
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| African Sleeping Sickness |
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| turns into nasty lesion with necrotic tissue -Parasites in the blood create fever, lymph nodes swell, and patient develops headaches -Parasite invasion of the CNS causes combined meningitis and encephalitis, incl. headaches, abnormal neurological function, extreme drowsiness, and eventually coma and death -never clears infection bc of abilty to evade immune system -drugs based on progression |
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| VCJ Disease |
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| irrational behavior, loss of muscle control, eventual death POE-ingestion of infected meat -incubation period unknown -prevention-don’t eat contaminated meat -no known treatment |
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| Endocarditis |
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| normal microbiota Staphylococcal and others fever, fatigue, malaise, tachycardia |
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| Infectious mononucleosis |
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| severe soar throat and fever, extreme fatigue, spenomegaly no sports, focus on relieving symptoms |
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| Bacterial Pneumonias |
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| lung inflammation and fluid filled alveoli and bronchioles S.pneumoniae-penicillin M.pneumoniae-TNc K.pneumonia-Cephlosporin |
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| Tuberculosis |
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| minor cough and fever then later difficulty breathing, chest pain, wheezing and coughing up blood diagnosed through skin test then chest x-ray, treatment of multi-drug regimine |
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| Inhalational Anthrax |
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| resemble cold or flu but progress to severe coughing , SOB, shock and death POE-inhalation of endospores treatment- various antimicrobials |
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| SARS |
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| high fever, head and body aches, malaise, dry cough, and eventually pneumonia POE-transfer of respiratory droplets to mucous membranes via close contact 2-7 day incubation period |
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| Bacterial Gastroenteritis |
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| high fever, head and body aches, malaise, dry cough, and eventually pneumonia POE-transfer of respiratory droplets to mucous membranes via close contact 2-7 day incubation period |
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| Bacterial Gastroenteritis |
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| E. coli, campylobacter diarrhea, salmonellosis inflammation of stomach or intestines due to the presence of bacteria -nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramps and pain and diarrhea -severe-dysentery-blood and mucous in frequent loose stools treatment- electrolyte replacement and some require antimicrobial drugs |
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| Viral Gastroenteritis |
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| calcicivirus, astroviruses and rotaviruses POE- contamitated food and water treatment-supportive care |
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| Cryptosporidiosis |
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| sever watery diarrhea, headache, muscle pain, cramping, nausea, fluid and weight loss POE-contaminated water -treatment-electrolyte and fluid replacement |
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| Baterial Menigitis |
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| diagnosed by spinal tap S.pneumonia-adults N.meningitidis L.monocytogenes-fetuses S.agalactia-newborns |
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| Baterial Menigitis |
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| sudden high fever and severe meningeal inflammation -cranial- sever headache, vomiting, pain -spinal-stiff neck, altered muscle control -encephalitis-infection of brain resulting in behavior changes, coma and sometimes death |
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| Viral Meningitis |
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| Enterovirus |
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| Viral Meningitis |
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| skin rashes, sore throats, cold-like symptoms- typically milder than bacterial or fungal meningitis very small ssRNA vruses that lack envelope -no specific treatment exists |
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| Leprosy (Hansen’s disease) |
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| Mycobacterium _______- gram positive, acid fast rods grows in cooler parts of body-extremities |
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| Botulism |
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| each strains produce different sets of toxins , causes muscle relaxation by blocking nerve signal transmission -treatment-wash intestinal tract, treat with antimicrobial drugs, administer antibodies that bind to botulism toxins |
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| Smallpox |
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| rash that develops into paules POE-inhalation of viral particles -treatment-immediate vaccination |
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| Smallpox |
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| Orthopoxvirus |
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| Chickenpox and Shingles |
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| POE-respiratory tract -treatment-supportive therapy |
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| HPV |
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| warts , can lead to cervical cancer |
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| Leishmamiasis |
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| large painless skin lesions spread by female sand flies |
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| Scabies |
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| intense itching and localized rash at infection site treatment-miticide lotions and cleansing contaminated clothes, towels, etc. |
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| Folliculitis |
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| red, swollen bump on the skin, can occur on base of eye(sty) treatment-methicillin prevention-proper hygiene and hand antisepsis |
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| Staphylococcal Scalded skin syndrome (SSSS) |
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| no scarring b/c dermis is unaffected -death rare -primarily occurs in infants -treatment-antimicrobial drugs |
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| Inmpetigo (Pyoderma) and Erysipelas |
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| small red patches on face and limbs; pus-filled vesicles that itch intensely -considered E_______ when spread to surrounding lymph nodes tx- PCN and careful cleaning of affected areas -Prevention-proper hygiene |
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| MRSA |
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| -resistent to many other antibiotics also -usually seen in elderly and hospitals -tx-vancomycin and/or combination with others |
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| Necrotizing Fasciitis |
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| S. pyogenes |
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| Necrotizing Fasciitis |
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| intense pain and swelling due to digestion of muscle fascia of the bacteria -tx-clindamycin and PCN often after very agressive removal of infected tissues |
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| Acne |
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| antimicrobial drugs that cause exfoliation retinoic acid for sebum inhibition (accutane for sever cases) |
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| Pseudomonas infection |
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| fever, chills, shock, sometimes green color due to pigment pyocyanin found in soil, decaying matter and other moist env. green color=massive infection tx-difficult bc P.aeruginosa resisten to multiple drugs and disinfectants |
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| Cutaneous Anthrax |
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| direct skin contact-POE, lesion that forms from eschar tx- cipro, PCN, erythromycin, prevention-vaccinate livestock, human anthrax vaccine |
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| Gas Gangrene |
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| Clostridium perfringens POE-dead necrotic tissue from traumatic event tx-surgical removal of dead tissue and antibiotic treatment -prevention-proper cleansing of wound |
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| Genital Candidiasis |
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| itching, painful urination, soreness, thick discharge, inflammation, redness 75% of women have had a yeast infection atleast once |
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| Oral Candidiasis-oral thrush |
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| C. albicans normally lives in mouth-cause by overpopulation with immune system compromised |
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| Chronic Candidiasis (oral and vaginal) |
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| occurs when immune system weakened, HIV?AIDS, Cancer |
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| Malaria |
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| Plasmodium falciparum |
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| Malaria |
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| treatment- chloroquine prevention-limit contact, pesticides, profylaxis |
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| Strep Throat |
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| B-lactams |
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| Scarlet Fever |
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| sandpaper-like rash that spreads on body |
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| Rheumatic fever |
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| develops from untreated strep throat, inflamation leads to joint pain, damage heart tissue |
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| Diphtheria |
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| sore throat, oozing fluid tx-admistration of antitoxin and antibiotics prevention-vaccine |
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| Common cold |
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| Rhinoviruses and Coronaviruses |
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| Bacterial Gastroenteritis |
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| E. coli, campylobacter diarrhea, salmonellosis |
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| SARS |
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| ......associated coronavirus |
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| Tuberculosis |
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| mycolic acid in cell wall cord factor required for mycobacterium to cause disease |
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| Infectious mononucleosis |
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| EBV |
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| Amoebic Meningoencephalopathy |
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| Naegleria- found in water systems, air conditioning, contact lens soln |
